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1. Given the demand function and the supply function of two kinds of
products which have ties substitution as follows:
Qdx = 5 -2Px + Py
Qdy = 6 + Px Py
Qsx = -5 + 4Px - Py
Qsy = -4 - Px + 3Py
Look for the market equilibrium price and quantity
SOLUTION
Terms equilibrium market:
Qsx = Qdx
-5 + 4Px Py = 5 - 2Px + Py
4Px + 2Px Py Py = 5 + 5
6Px 2Py = 10 (1)
Qsy = Qdy
-4 Px + 3Py = 6 + Px Py
-Px Px + 3Py + Py = 6 + 4
-2Px + 4Py = 10
- Px + 2Py = 5 (2)
(1) Dan (2)
6Px 2Py = 10
- Px + 2Py = 5
5Px
= 15
Px = 3
PY =4
Qsx = 3
Qsy = 5
MEx = ( 3, 3 )
MEy = ( 5, 4 )
2. . Demand function is shown by the equation Qd = 10 - 5P and Qs =
function offerings are - 4 + 9P
a. What is the equilibrium price and quantity are created in the market?
b. Indicate the geometry!
Answer:
a.) Balance market:
Qd = Qs
10 5 P
= 4 + 9P
14P
= 14
P
=
1 Pe
Q = 10 5P
Q = 5
Qe
DEMAND
1. One item, if sold for $ 5000 apiece would sold 3000 units. However, if it is
sold at a cheaper price is $ 4,000 apiece, the total demand for goods
increased to 6000 pieces. How is the demand function?
1 = 5000, Q1 = 3000
P2 = 4000, Q2 = 6000
P P1 = Q Q1
P2 P1 Q2 Q1
P = -1/3 Qd + 6000
Jadi fungsi permintaannya adalah : P = - 1/3 Qd + 6000
2.
P1 = 40.000 , Q1 = 500
P = 1.250, Q= -250
(P P1) = m (Q Q1)
m = P / Q
= 1.250 / -250
= -5
P = -5Q + 42.500
SUPPLY
P - P1
Q - Q1
-------- = --------P2 - P1
Q2 - Q1
P - 3.000
Q - 100
-------------- = ------------4.000 - 3.000
200 - 100
P - 3.000
Q - 100
-------------- = ------------1.000
100
(P - 3.000)(100) = (Q - 100) (1.000)
100P - 300.000 = 1.000Q - 100.000
1.000Q = -300.000 + 100.000 + 100P
1.000Q = -200.000 + 100P
Q = 1/1000 (-200.000 + 100P )
Q = -200 + 0.1P
SUBSIDY
Solution:
a. E before the subsidy was given:
D : x+2p=1000
2p=1000-x atau p=500 .x
S : x = p-260
p = 260 = x
E:D=S
500-1/2.X=260+X
1 .X=500260=240
Jadi, x= 240 / 1 = 160 dan p = 260+160=420
Jadi, E Before the subsidy given E (160,240)
b. Subsidi s =60
new Supply : Ss:p=260+x-60=200+x
new E D = Ss
500-1/2.x=200+x
1 .x=500200=300
SO x =300/ 1 = 200 dan p = 200 +200=400
So E after the subsidy is E (200,400)
Apparently, after subsidies, price dropped to 400 rupiah and the number of items purchased
up to 200 units,
The amount of subsidy to be given by the government = s = 200 xbaru times kali60 = 12,000
rupiah.
Of subsidies enjoyed by consumers is
(P2-p1) / s x 100 %= 420-400 / 60 x 100% = 33,33%
Qs = 3P 480
. (II)
Q = -3P + 2400
Q = -3 (480) + 2400
Q = -1440 + 2400
Qe = 960
So the balance of the market before the subsidy is Qe = 960 and Pe =
480.
2) The balance of the market after the subsidies
New supply function after subsidies are:
Qs = a + b (P+s)
Qs = b (P+s) + a
Qs = 3 (P+12) 480
Qs = 3P + 36 480
Qs = 3P- 444
Keseimbangan pasar setelah subsidi:
Qd = Qs
-3P + 2400 = 3P 444
-3P -3P = -2400 -444
-6P = -2844
Pe = 474
Please insert the result into equation (I) as follows:
Q = -3P+2400
Q = -3 (474) + 2400
Q = -1422 + 2400
Qe = 978
So the balance of the market after the subsidies are Qe '= 978 and Pe' =
474.
3) subsidy given by government
S = s x Qe
S = 12 x 978
S = 11.736
4) subsidy for consument
sk = (Pe Pe) x Qe
sk = (480 474) x 978
sk = 6 x 978
sk = 5.868
5)
sp = S sk
sp = 11.736 5.868
sp = 5.868
For the sample questions above may result in:
3.
TAX
1. Qd = 11 - P
Qs = - 8 + 2P
If taxed at $ 1
Keseimbanngan before tax
Demand = Supply
Or Pd = Ps
11 - P = - 8 + 2P
3P = 19
P = 6.3
P = 6.3 SUBSTITUTION TO: Q = 11 - P
Q = 11 to 6.3
Q = 4.7
2. The function of the demand for a good is represented by the equation P = 15 - Q, while
offers 3 + 0.5 P = Q. The goods were subject to a tax of 3 perunit. What is the equilibrium
price and the balance amount before tax and how well the balance amount after taxes?
Answer:
Before taxes Pe and Qe = 7 = 8 (example above). After taxes, the sale price offered by the
manufacturer to be higher. Supply equation changed and the curve shifts upward.
Special pre-tax: P = 3 + 0.5 Q
Special after tax: P = 3 + 3 + 0.5 Q
P = 6 + 0.5 Q Q = -12 + 2 P
While the demand equation remains:
Q = 15 - P
Market equilibrium: Qd = Qs
15 P = -12 + 2P
27 = 3P
P=9
Q = 15 P
Q = 15 9
Q =6
SO, After Tax : Pe = 9 dan Qe = 6
4. Qd
Qs
= -P + 28
(I)
=8+P
(II)
Qe = 18
The balance of the market before the tax is Qe = 18 and Pe = 10
2) The balance of the market after tax
Calculating the supply function after tax (t = 4)
Qs = 8 + P
Qs = a + b (P-t)
Qs = 8 + 1 (P-4)
Qs = 8 + P -4
Qs = P + 4
The balance amount after tax and price balance is Qd = Qs 'and Pd = Ps'.
T = t x Qe
T = 4 x 16
T = 64
So the tribute demanded by the government is equal to 64
4) The amount of tax on the consumer
tk = (Pe Pe) x Qe
tk = (12 10) x 16
tk = 2 x 16
tk = 32
So the tax borne by consumers is 32
5) The amount of tax borne by manufacturers
tp = T - tk
tp = 64-32
tp = 32
The tax imposed on producers is 32
From the above example problems obtained
So it can be concluded the tax causes prices to rise and demand falls.