Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Engaging with teachers and peers in schools to pass on the message of no alcohol to
young people.
Deploy teachers and peers to spear head the Red Card campaign in their schools.
ii.
iii.
Each peer educator will then be tasked to meet at least 50 students over the
period of the campaign. In total the peer education approach will reach 25, 0000
young people with messages on alcohol, its consequences and prevention methods.
Minus STF, teachers (both male and female) are to attend three (3), school based
advocacy meetings where they will be equipped with knowledge and skills to conduct
dialogue sessions with students in small focus group discussions and initiate Alcohol
education talks with in the main stream of the class activities. With each teacher
supporting student Peer Educator based group discussions, these talks will further
discuss the objectives of the campaign while considering reactions from young
people.
Purpose of the focus group/Class discussions: Help young people understand the
effects of underage drinking on their social, physical, mental and economic life.
Objectives
Provide information on alcohol and its effects to young people with emphasis
drinking problems.
Get young peoples views on what is influencing them or their friends to take
Warm up
Introduction of the campaign and the role of young people in this campaign
and pick on one components/questions which may include:
o Facts about alcoholism;
o What is alcoholism
o Identify the types of alcohol taken by young people in their
o
o
o
o
communities.
Explain the perceived reasons why young people take alcohol
Mention the effects of alcohol on ones physical, mental and social life.
Explain the relationship between alcohol abuse and SRH
List referral points where one can get help on dealing with addiction
to alcohol.
Question and Answer session
Alcoholic beverages
An alcoholic beverage is a drink that typically contains 3%60%ethanol, commonly known as
alcohol. Alcoholic beverages are divided into three classes: beers, wines, and spirits (distilled
beverages). They are legally consumed in most countries around the world. Important to note
however, is that in more than 100 countries, there are laws regulating their production, sale, and
consumption. For example on age limit, health conditions, places of consumption among others.
Alcoholic beverages have been produced and consumed by humans since the Neolithic Era, from
hunter-gatherer peoples to nation-states
(PERCEIVED
ADVANTAGES
OF
Many young people will tell you they take alcohol because of some of the perceived (untrue)
reasons or advantages which are told to them or they have them in their heads such as,
Save money
Save his/her reputation
Get a Better sleep/rest
Make better decisions
Save him/herself from
embarrassment.
Face Fewer accidents/crime
Concentrate in class during lessons
or any other form of work both at
school and at home
Prone to Accidents due to a disturbed mind but also distilled alcoholic beverages are highly
flammable and therefore can easily catch fire.
drinking behavior.
School culture, societal views and advertising messages on alcohol, emotional security,
change the way young people feel about it -self-awareness attitudes towards alcohol.
Adults use alcohol at home or school and young people aspire to adult behaviors hence
ALCOHOL ASSOCIATED
MENTAL PROBLEMS
Stigmatization and
exclusion from
community.
Neuropsychiatric
Alcohol is enjoyed by many people during social occasions, but for others addiction to alcohol or
alcohol-related illnesses can be a serious health issue.
SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL
CONSUMPTION INCLUDE
Intoxication
Dehydration.
Men under influence of alcohol at high risk of engaging in rape, marital rape, defilement,
sexual harassment leading to unprotected sex and its consequences.
Intoxication makes people lose sense of judgment and may practice unsafe sex.
ABV
Wines
ABV
Fortified
wines
ABV
Pilsner
36%
Sparkling Wine
812%
Sherry
1722%
ESB (Bitter)
36%
Table Wine
914%
Marsala
Wine
15-17%
Lager
4-5%
Retsina
10-11%
Madeira
Wine
15-18%
Porter
4-5%
Dry White
10-12%
Vermouth
15-18%
Brown Ale
4-6%
Cabernet
11-14%
Port Wine
16-20%
6-7%
Barley Wine
1115%
Bum Wine
15-20%
Stout
5-10%
Other drinks
ABV
Beers
ABV
Spirits
ABV
Light Liqueurs
15-25%
Wines
ABV
Fruit Juice
< 0.1%
Vodka/Whiskey/Rum 40%
Alcopops
3-7%
Cask Strength
Whiskey
60%
Wine
Breezers/Coolers
4-7%
Absinthe
5590%
Cider
48%
95%
Rectified Spirits
96%
Absolute Alcohol
96-98%
Fortified
wines
ABV
Parents often have difficulty with discussing drug and sexuality issues with their children, yet
parents can be the most trusted and preferred source of information on the behaviors and health
issues for young people.
Parent education is often delivered with a belief that parents are totally uniformed and need
education from the informed and educated. This may not be sufficient motivation for parents to
attend education classes/meetings or parent day at school.
When involving parents a number of questions should be asked to assist in the development of
content for the parent session:
Why would they come?
What do parents fear most about alcohol/drug use and sexuality?
How will it be addressed?
Will the parents who need to come, be there?
How will attending the session benefit the parent and child?
As a school, it is important to initiate and implemented school programs and policies on alcohol
in consultation with parents. These empower parents. Such programs aimed to:
give parents a clear understanding of school-alcohol policy, alcohol usage patterns and risks
among school age persons,
give parents an understanding of the reasons underlying alcohol use among young people and
implication,
assist parents in forming a personal perspective on alcohol based on facts and assist them in
clarifying their own attitudes and beliefs towards alcohol and drugs, and
let parent outline strategies for preventing and coping with alcohol use by their children.
These have the potential to alleviate some of the anxiety parents experience from an expectation
that alcohol education or and sexuality education is either their sole responsibility or the
schools.
School and Community Partnerships;
Educational settings/school and agencies working in partnership can make this trusted source of
information more accessible.
Students feel more comfortable about using community organizations if the educational
setting/school links these organizations into the alcohol and other drugs education programs.
There are many gains to be made from involving community health organizations/agencies in
alcohol and drug education programs/ activities as long as clear roles and responsibilities are
negotiated between the educational setting and community agencies. These include;
Increased resources
Accurate information to students and teachers and
connecting young people to their local health services
From high to low mood and back again, seemingly without reason,
There may also be extreme outbursts precipitated by the most innocuous events or
statements.
A change in weight, sleep patterns and other signs, may be sudden or gradual.
Other physical symptoms may include slurred speech, staggering gait, sluggish reactions,
pinpoint or dilated pupils, sweating, talkativeness, euphoria, nausea and vomiting.
INTUITION
This warning sign is based on the awareness we have of a young person we know well. You may
not be able to be specific or clearly verbalize your hunch, but youll know theres something
wrong. You may find yourself telling others a student has changed.
An excessive need for, or increased supply of money
Buying alcohol and illicit substances costs money and the more dependent the person becomes,
the greater their need for money to finance their habit. Money however, is not the only
transferable commodity for young people. For example, baseball caps, sport shoes and sex are
commonly traded for alcohol and drugs.
Note Do not jump to conclusions but rather use those warning signs as your entry point to
make more observations and help your student.
APPROACHING A SUSPECTED ALCOHOL USER
Some adults are concerned about how to initiate discussion with a young person regarding their
alcohol use/consumption. Often young people are reluctant themselves to talk, believing that
adults will attempt to persuade them to stop, or criticize their behavior or even punish them.
HINTS FOR: Opening Up A Line Of Communication With A Suspected School
Alcohol Drinker.
Convey a desire to understand and accept, but not necessarily condone, the reasons behind the
persons behavior.
Generalize the students behavior without condoning or condemning it, for example, other
students have concerns about their alcohol use, its good you want to talk about it.
Assure the person of confidentiality in terms of the content of discussion and access to
counseling sessions. Inform students of the ramifications of disclosing certain information,
before they compromise themselves.
Resist trying to change their thoughts or behavior, be non-judgmental.
Balance your view of the alcohol use itself against the reasons behind it. Concentrate on
discovering what the young person finds attractive about alcohol drinking, rather than assuming
they see it is a problem.
Communicate openly and resist playing the secret detective.
Consider who is the best person to broach the subject? It doesnt have to be you, so perhaps
there is another person who knows the student, is well accepted, and could help, a peer educator
or a trained counselor.
Gather all the facts first, including information on the drugs being used.
Discuss the observable facts and ask what conclusions the student would draw from the facts;
avoid accusations e.g. Ive noticed. (Observable facts), what do you make of this?
Explore reasons behind the use. Weigh up the benefits and costs.
Gain the support of another person or outside agency such as an addiction counselor, especially
if it is a difficult case.
Develop a contingency plan to avoid reusing an unsuccessful strategy.
Ensure the young person is sober and straight when you approach them, so that their
perception and memory of the discussion are not distorted. The intoxicated adolescent will be
sober tomorrow and the issue will not have gone away, leave it for a better time.
Ensure you are in the appropriate frame of mind to respond effectively.
Select a time when there will be a minimum of interruptions and sufficient time so you can
both discuss the issues as fully as possible.
Approach the young person discreetly so as not to embarrass them or betray their
confidentiality in front of others.
Convey respect and be amiable; ensure future discussion is likely.
Show a caring attitude and try to understand the nature and context of the situation, rather than
focusing on disciplinary consequences.
Convey a sense of exploration and genuine interest in reasons for the decision to take alcohol/
other drugs, rather than a determination to change behavior.
Discuss the issue as a concern not a problem. The student may perceive a problem label,
diminishing their motivation to address the issue.
HINTS FOR: Making Initial Contact with an Alcohol User
A variety of relevant topics should be addressed in your initial response to a young persons
suspected alcohol drinker, such as signs and symptoms of use, communication issues, reasons for
use, how to approach the subject, and factual information on alcohol.
Try to convey a relaxed and confident manner, which encourages an exploration of the problem
rather than the fixing of the problem at any cost. If there is to be a solution it will result from a
clearer understanding of the situation and use effective strategies to respond to it.
_ Adopt a sensible reasoned approach
A composed reaction on your part helps to create a similar reaction by the student with whom
you wish to discuss the events. Panic tends to impede discussion as the focus is intensely and
singularly on the alcohol drinker behavior rather than the total picture surrounding it.
_ Express only concerns that you can substantiate
The tendency is to jump to conclusions, but you may be wrong. In a calm manner, express your
concern and ask whether your concern is justified. Commenting about the students behavior
without drawing conclusions is a helpful approach.
_ Spend time thinking
Consider that the use of alcohol must do something good for the person which is worth risking
the dangers. This will probably be more important to talk about than the actual taking of alcohol
or other drugs.
_ Listen
Hear the what, where, how, and why to understand the exact situation.
_ Avoid being judgmental
In judging, you risk alienating the student at the exact time they need you most. Remember that
the student has made a judgment that their alcohol drinking has definite attractions.
_ Recognise that a crisis can be productive
The Chinese use two pictures to depict the concept of crisis. They link the symbol for danger
with the symbol for opportunity, thus expressing their belief that every crisis provides an
opportunity. Maintaining this belief can result in improved communication, based on newly
discovered openness between parties.
You may also gain an insight into other issues that may be troubling the young person.
HINTS FOR: Basic Counseling For Teachers
Although the material covered is specifically related to alcohol, it can be applied to a range of
counseling issues surrounding alcohol and drug use such as unwanted sexual attention, pressure
to have unprotected sex, peer pressure to participate in risk behavior.
With the support of training through specialist services or professional training, adults working
with youth and teachers in this case are well placed to offer students screening and basic
counseling in alcohol related problems.
The aim of this section is to provide practical and realistic information on how to help young
people who are taking alcohol. For the adult in the role of a counselor with student alcohol
but nonjudgmental; and by resisting the temptation to convince them to change their thoughts or
behavior.
HINTS FOR: Referring Young People for Counseling
While a teacher and other support workers can provide initial help for student alcohol or drug
user, where these issues are particularly complex, do not just expel the students. Referral
should be made to a specialist counselor who has the time and experience to provide appropriate
assessment and intervention.
Educational settings should use the compiled list from straight talk foundation of people and
organizations that can provide counseling.
Getting a young person to attend counseling may prove to be a difficult task. A variety of
strategies can be used to encourage the young person to seek help are suggested below.
_ Visit the counselor first yourself
This is a worthwhile strategy in normalizing the need for counseling whilst conveying a feeling
of concern to the young person.
Helpers who choose to do this should be encouraged to describe their experience of the
counselor and the counseling process to the young person to give them a picture of what to
expect, thereby reducing any anxiety about referral.
Depending on the specific situation, most counselors will initially provide strategies that the
helper can try before suggesting that the young person might need to attend for specialist
counseling.
_ Offer mutual support
Offering to attend a counseling session with the young person is helpful. Some will only want
transport, while others will want a parent, teacher or close friend to be present at the session.
_ Highlight the positives
Weighing up the costs and benefits of continued alcohol drinking or drug use can provide a
positive motivational influence toward change.
Treatment can help the young person find some clarity in their life, particularly if they feel they
are losing control over their alcohol drinking or drug use.
Suggest that the young person doesnt necessarily have to discuss alcohol/drug issues, they can
talk about any concerns they may have. Also, emphasizing the independence, professionalism
and neutrality of the counselor can be helpful.
_ Discuss confidentiality
Strict confidentiality is a major plus because it really means youve got nothing to lose by seeing
this counselor because no-one needs to know youve ever been. Here are a couple of other tips on
referral which are worth considering.
Treatment is only one option among many. Unfortunately, too many helpers see it as a last
option. This means the referrer often has high expectations of the outcomes, at a point beyond
where treatment was likely to be most effective.
Encourage young people on seeing a counselor to think of themselves as consumers of a
service, to be assertive in expressing their needs and give the counselor feedback about the
service they are providing.
The Environment
Establishing supportive environments involves:
recognizing the home, school and community as settings for promoting health,
consultation, interaction and cooperation between the home, school and community and
participation of parents and care-givers in the development of programs and approaches to
teaching and learning,
sensitivity to personal and cultural beliefs in dealing with alcohol and other health issues,
recognising the role that supportive physical and social environments play in enhancing
personal growth and development, physical activity, effective relationships and safety while
responding to adolescence challenges related to alcohol and other drugs,
understanding the responsibility of communities to care for the natural environment, and
creating physical and social conditions that support the well-being of the student and others.