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ExclusivepreviewMCQsinforensicmedicineand
toxicology6ebyreddy.ToOrdercall+918527622422
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PublishedonAug27,2011

MCQsinForensicMedicine

MCQsinForensicMedicine
andToxicology,6/e
ByDrKSNarayanReddy,MD,DCP,PhD,FAMS,
FIMSA,FAFSc,FIAMS,FAFMRetiredPrincipal,
ProfessorofForensicMedicine,OsmaniaMedical
College,Hyderabad
MCQstestthememory,professionalskill,
capacitytodiagnoseortreatadisease,
understandingandcomprehensionabilitiesin
candidates.Theyalsoaimatmeasuringhigher
levelabilitieslikeanalysis,judgementand
reasoning.Thismultiplechoicequestionsbook
intheareaofForensicMedicineand
Toxicologyisbasedontheaboveconcept.All
theundergraduatemedicalstudentsandalso
thestudentspreparingforvarious
postgraduateentranceexamswillfindthis
bookextremelyuseful.
Publishedin:Education,Health&Medicine,Technology
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1.IIICHAPTER13MECHANICALASPHYXIA1.Apoplexyisthetermusedfor(a)Jugularvein(b)
Vertebralartery(a)Cerebralcongestion(c)Trachea(d)Carotid(b)Cerebralischaemia7.Intypicalhanging
deathoccursdueto(c)Cerebralanoxia(a)Blockingofjugularveins(d)Cerebralconcussion(b)Blockingof
carotidarteries2.Hangingisdenedas(c)Blockingofvertebralarteries(a)Suspensionofbodybyaligature
around(d)Bothand(a)and(b)theneck,bodyweightactingasconstricting8.Intypicalhangingknotis
presentatforce(a)Occipitalarea(b)Mastoidarea(b)Suspensionofbodybyligatureafterdeath(c)Infront
ofear(d)Anyoftheabove(c)Obliterationofairpassagesbyexternal9.Cyanosisoccurswhenthe
concentrationofrefactorsducedhaemoglobinexceeds(d)Mechanicalinterferencetorespiration(a)2g%
(b)4g%3.Thecommonestcauseofdeathinhangingis(c)5g%(d)6g%(a)Asphyxia10.Cyanosisis
causedby(b)Cerebralvenouscongestion(a)Anincreasedconcentrationofreduced(c)Asphyxiaand
cerebralvenouscongestionhaemoglobincombined(b)Adecreasedconcentrationofhaemoglobin(d)
Cerebralanaemia(c)Adecreasedconcentrationofoxyhaemo4.Delayeddeathinhangingcanbeduetothe
globinfollowingconditions,EXCEPT(d)Hypoxia(a)Hypoxicencephalopathy11.Aligaturemarkonthe
neckdirectedoblique(b)Infractionofbrainlyupwardsonbothsidesisseeninhanging(c)Oedemaoflungs
witha(d)Fractureofthecervicalvertebrae(a)Fixedloopwithasingleknotinmidlineat5.Weightfor
occludinginternaljugularveininthebackoftheheadhangingis(b)Runningnoose(a)2kg(b)4kg(c)
Fixedloopwithaknotintheregionofone(c)8kg(d)12kgear6.Inhanginglasttobeoccludedis(d)Low
pointofsuspension1.(a)2.(a)3.(c)4.(d)5.(a)6.(b)7.(d)8.(a)9.(c)10.(a)11.(a)Chapter13.indd104
7/13/20115:17:30PM
2.MECHANICALASPHYXIA10512.Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsregard17.Inacaseof
hangingligaturemarksinneckareingligaturemarkinhangingisNOTtrue?exampleof(a)Inthecaseofa
xedloopwithasingleknot(a)Contusion(b)Pressureabrasionatthebackofthehead,themarkisseen(c)
Laceration(d)Bruisedirectedobliquelyupwardsonbothsides18.Areliablesignofantemortemhangingis
(b)Inthecaseofxedloopwiththeknotinthe(a)Athinlineofcongestionofhaemorrhageregionofone
ear,themarkdiersoneachalongtheedgesofligaturemarksideoftheneck(b)Congested,lividface
markedwith(c)Incaseofrunningnoosethemarkisobliquepetechiaeonbothsides(c)Swollen,dark
colouredprotrudedtongue(d)Iftheligatureisintheformofloop,the(d)Protrusionoftonguemarkis
prominentonthepartoftheneck19.Themostimportantfeatureofantemortemtowhichtheheadhas
inclinedhangingis13.Allofthefollowingarecharacteristicofliga(a)Fractureofhyoidboneturemarkof
hangingEXCEPT(b)Ligaturemarkonneck(a)Itisusuallyoblique(c)Fractureofthyroidcartilage(b)It
doesnotcompletelyencirclestheneck(d)Dribblingofsaliva(c)Itisusuallyseenhighupontheneck20.
Thewidthofligaturemarkonskinmaynot(d)Thebaseissoftandreddishcorrespondwithligaturewhenthe
ligature14.Inhanging,thegrooveproducedbyligatureusedisamaybelesswellmarkedwith(a)Rope(a)
Looparrangedwithaxedknot(b)Wovenbelt(b)Lowpointofsuspension(c)Nylonorsilkfabric(c)
Runningnoose(d)Electricwire(d)Loop21.Hyoidfractureiscommonin15.Ahorizontalligaturemarkis
seenintheneck(a)Hanging(b)Strangulationincaseofhanging(c)Throttling(d)Choking(a)Whenaxed
loopwithaxedknotinthe22.Slowasphyxiaislikelytooccurinhangingregionofoneearisusedwhen(b)
Whenaxedloopwithasingleknotatthe(a)Ligatureexertspressurebelowthechinandbackoftheheadis
useddoesnotencircletheneck(c)Whenaxedloopwithasingleknotatthe(b)Ligatureexertspressure
belowthechinandchinisusedencirclestheneck(d)Inpartialhanging(c)Ligatureexertspressureatthe
levelofthyroid16.Aligaturemarkmaynotbeseenintheneckincartilagecaseofhanging(d)Ligature
exertspressurebelowthelevelof(a)Inpartialhangingthyroidcartilage(b)Ifaloopismadeofsoftmaterial
23.Inhangingcomaoccursrapidlyifligature(c)Ifnarrowligatureisusedcompletelyobstructs(d)Whena
xedloopwithasingleknotatthe(a)Jugularveins(b)Vertebralarterieschinisused(c)Carotidarteries(d)
Pharynx12.(c)13.(d)14.(b)15.(d)16.(b)17.(b)18.(a)19.(d)20.(c)21.(c)22.(a)23.(c)Chapter
13.indd1057/13/20115:17:31PM
3.106SECTIONI:FORENSICMEDICINE24.Inhanging,asphyxialsignsareslightwhen(c)Homicide(a)

Suspensioniscomplete(d)Suicideandhomicide(b)Suspensionisincomplete31.Unequalpupilsinhanging
isduetopressure(c)Thedeceasedisinakneelingpositiononthe(d)Thedeceasedlinepronewithonlythe
face(a)Parasympatheticchainandchestotheground(b)Sympatheticchain25.Allofthefollowingare
characteristicofdeath(c)OpticpathwayduetohangingEXCEPT(d)Alloftheabove(a)Ligaturemark
around32.Lefaciesympathiqueisseenin(b)Ecchymosisofsubcutaneoustissuesunder(a)Hanging(b)
Strangulationtheligaturemark(c)Smothering(d)Aconitepoisoning(c)Tricklingofsalivafromthemouth
33.Inacaseoftypicalhanging,postmortem(d)Ecchymosisofthelarynxorepiglottishypostasisisseenin
26.Reexvagalinhibitionmayoccurin(a)Legsandfeet(a)Impactionoffoodinlarynx(b)Handsand
forearms(b)Drowning(c)Both(a)and(b)(c)Hanging(d)Genitalia(d)Alloftheabove34.Whenaperson
hassuspendedhimselfby27.Incaseofhanging,atypicalligaturemarkapplyingligaturearoundtheneckso
thattheshowsfollowingcharacteristicsEXCEPTpointofsuspension(knot)issituatedinthe(a)Oblique
regionoftheocciput.Suchhangingiscalled(b)Highupinneck(a)Typical(b)Atypical(c)Continuous(c)
Partial(d)Incomplete(d)Abovethelevelofthyroidcartilage35.Postmortemstainingoflowerpartsofhands
28.Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsregardandfeetindicatesingwidthofligaturemarkcomparedto
width(a)ProlongedsuspensionafterdeathofligatureinhangingisNOTtrue?(b)Antemortemhanging(a)
Equal(b)More(c)Deathduetoasphyxia(c)Less(d)Variable(d)Drowning29.Aligaturemarkmaynotbe
seenintheneck36.Inhangingtransversesplitsofcarotidarteriesincaseofhanginginthefollowing
conditionmaybeseeninEXCEPT(a)Outercoats(a)Ifaportionofclothingintervenesbetween(b)Middle
coatstheligatureandtheskin(c)Innercoats(b)Ifaloopismadeofsoftmaterial(d)Noneoftheabove(c)If
anarrowligatureisused37.Intimaofcarotidarteriesisusuallyruptured(d)Iftheligatureiscutsoonafter
deathin30.Scratchesornailmarksontheneckinhanging(a)Hangingmaybefoundincaseof(b)Ligature
strangulation(a)Suicide(c)Traumaticasphyxia(b)Accident(d)Burking24.(a)25.(b)26.(d)27.(c)28.(b)
29.(c)30.(d)31.(b)32.(a)33.(c)34.(a)35.(a)36.(c)37.(a)Chapter13.indd1067/13/20115:17:31PM
4.MECHANICALASPHYXIA10738.Hangingwithfeettouchingthegroundisseen45.Injudicialhanging
fracture,vertebraeareseeninat(a)Suicidalhanging(a)C1C2(b)C2C3(b)Homicidalhanging(c)C4C5
(d)C6C7(c)Accidentalhanging46.Injudicialhangingwhichpositionofknotis(d)Postmortemhanging
moreeective?39.Dribblingofsalivaischaracteristicof(a)Backofneck(a)Antemortemhanging(b)Side
ofneck(b)Postmortemhanging(c)Belowchin(c)Homicidalstrangulation(d)Allareequallyeective(d)
Suicidalstrangulation47.Theligaturemarkofstrangulationis40.Lynchingisaformof(a)Transverseand
completelyencirclesthe(a)Sexualasphyxia(b)Homicidalhangingneck(c)Judicialhanging(d)
Strangulation(b)Usuallyseenhighupintheneck41.Lynchingis(c)Usuallytwoorthreemarksareseendue
to(a)PracticedinNorthAmericamultipletyingoftheligature(b)PracticedbywhitepeopleonNegroes(d)
Oblique,incomplete(c)Hangingpubliclyonatree48.AligaturemarkmayNOTbeseenintheneck(d)All
oftheaboveincaseofstrangulationbyligature42.WhichoneofthestatementisNOTcorrect(a)Ifthe
ligatureisathinropeconcerningaccidentalhanging?(b)Iftheligatureisremovedsoonafterdeath(a)Itmay
beassociatedwithabnormalsexual(c)Ifthebodyismummiedbehaviour(d)Ifthebodyisembalmed(b)It
mayoccurinworkmeninfallingfrom49.Extensivebruisingofmusclesandsubcutanscaoldingand
gettingentangledinropeseoustissuesinneckischaracteristicof(c)Itmayoccurfromsuspensionofthechin
by(a)Hanging(b)Strangulationthesteeringwheelofamotorcar(c)Throttling(d)Burking(d)Itmayoccur
ininfantwithastringattachedtoatoytiedtothecrib50.Horizontalligaturemarkintheneckisseenin(a)
Throttling43.Postmortemhangingischaracterisedbythe(b)HangingfollowingEXCEPT(c)Strangulation
byligature(a)Marksofviolenceonthebody(d)Choking(b)Nodribblingofsaliva(c)Signsofdraggingon
thebody51.Allofthefollowingarecharacteristicofliga(d)Continuousligaturemarkroundtheneckture
markofstrangulationEXCEPT(a)Themarkcompletelyencirclestheneck44.Deathinjudicialhangingis
dueto(b)Itisusuallyseenhighupintheneck(a)Shock(c)Itistransverse(b)Fracturedislocationofupper
cervical(d)Reddeningandcongestionispresent(c)Rapidasphyxiaimmediatelyaboveandbelowthegroove
(d)Inhibitionoftheheart38.(a)39.(a)40.(b)41.(d)42.(d)43.(d)44.(b)45.(d)46.(c)47.(a)48.(b)49.
(c)50.(c)51.(b)Chapter13.indd1077/13/20115:17:31PM
5.108SECTIONI:FORENSICMEDICINE52.Ahorizontalcompleteligaturemarkbelowcompressedpart
maybeabsentifligaturethelevelofthyroidcartilagewithextensiveistightlyappliedontheneckuntildeath
bruisingofsubcutaneoustissuesandmusclesoccursadjacenttoitindicate(d)Dislocationofcervical
vertebraemaybe(a)Accidentalstrangulationfractured(b)Homicidalhanging59.Inligaturestrangulation,
thelungsshowallof(c)HomicidalstrangulationthefollowingchangesEXCEPT(d)Suicidalhanging(a)
Congestionismarked53.Seminalemissionismorecommonin(b)Silverylookingspotsareseenunderthe

(a)Strangulationbyligaturepleuralsurface(b)Hanging(c)Microscopicareasofcollapsearepresent(c)
Smothering(d)Ecchymosesandsubpleuralhaemorrhages(d)Traumaticasphyxiadonotoccur54.Maximum
congestionisseenin60.Emphysematousbullaeonthesurfaceofthe(a)Choking(b)Hanginglungsare
commonlyseenin(c)Strangulation(d)Drowning(a)Hanging55.Bleedingfromthenostrils,mouthandears
is(b)Ligaturestrangulationcommonin(c)Drowning(d)Traumaticasphyxia(a)Hanging(b)Strangulation
byligature61.Hangingdiersfromstrangulationbythefol(c)SmotheringlowingfeaturesEXCEPT(d)
Choking(a)Alwayssuicidal56.Mostimportantsignofstrangulationis(b)Ligaturemarkisoblique(c)Neck
iselongatedandstretched(a)Ligaturemarkaroundtheneck(d)Subcutaneoustissueunderthemarkis(b)
Haemorrhageunderligaturemarkwhite,hardandglistening(c)Fractureofhyoidbone(d)Dislocationof
cervicalvertebrae62.Allofthefollowingndingsindicatedeathduetoligaturestrangulationinputreed
body57.EvidenceofstrangulationincludesallEXCEPTEXCEPT(a)Ligaturemarkontheneck(a)Fracture
ofthelarynxorhyoidbone(b)Subconjunctivalecchymoses(b)Bruisingofthemusclesoftheneck(c)
Dribblingofsalivafrommouth(c)Ligaturemark(d)Congestionofface(d)Signsofasphyxia58.Whichone
ofthefollowingstatementsregard63.Holdingtheneckofvictiminbendofelbowisinginternalndingsin
theneckincaseofligaknownasturestrangulationisNOTtrue?(a)Throttling(b)Mugging(a)Thereis
severeengorgementand(c)Bansdola(d)Garrottinghaemorrhageintothetissuesinandabovethearea
compressed64.Thefollowingarethetypeofhomicidalstran(b)Themusclesoftheneckareusually
gulationEXCEPTlacerated(a)Bansdola(b)Mugging(c)Bruisingofthedeepertissuesinthe(c)Lynching
(d)Garrotting52.(c)53.(b)54.(c)55.(b)56.(b)57.(c)58.(d)59.(d)60.(b)61.(a)62.(d)63.(b)64.
(c)Chapter13.indd1087/13/20115:17:31PM
6.MECHANICALASPHYXIA10965.Bansdolaisaformof71.Incaseofthrottlingbruisesontheneck
may(a)Homicidalsuocationbeseeninacompletelyhaphazardmanner(b)Homicidalstrangulation(a)In
frankstruggleofvictim(c)Homicidalhanging(b)Inchildren(d)Homicidalchoking(c)Whentheneckis
small66.Garrottingisamethodofhomicidalstrangula(d)Whentheassailantshandislargetionwhichis
accomplishedby72.Thesizeofthecontusedareasontheneckin(a)Placingonebamboostickacrossthe
frontcaseofthrottlingmaybemorethanthesizeofofneckandoneattheback,andtyingboththedigitsdue
toendswitharope(a)Shiftingofthegrip(b)Holdingtheneckofvictiminthebendof(b)Maintainingthe
pressureonthenecktheelbow(c)Interposingasoftmaterialbetweenthehand(c)Compressionoftheneck
bythehandandthroat(d)Throwingaligatureovertheneckfrom(d)Pressureexertedbytherighthand
behindandquicklytighteningit67.Whichofthefollowingisusedasamethodof73.Hyoidbonefractureis
seeninalloftheexecutioninsomecountries?followingEXCEPT(a)Bansdola(b)Garrotting(a)Throttling
(c)Mugging(d)Smothering(b)Hanging(c)Choking68.Lastparttobedissectedduringautopsyinas(d)
Strangulationbyligaturephyxiadeath(a)Neck(b)Head74.Fractureofhyoidboneismorecommonin(c)
Abdomen(d)Thorax(a)Hanging69.Inasuspectedcaseofthrottling,theprocedure(b)Ligature
strangulationadvisedatautopsyis(c)Manualstrangulation(a)Blockremovalofneckstructuresfor(d)
Traumaticasphyxiasubsequentdetailedexamination75.Inthrottlingfractureofthehyoidboneiscom(b)
Skullandchestareopenedandexaminedmonlyseeninbeforeinsituexaminationofneckstructures(a)
greaterhorn(c)Insituexaminationofneckstructuresbefore(b)Lesserhornopeningtheskullandchest(c)
Body(d)Itisimmaterialifyoufollowanyofthe(d)Bothinthebodyandgreaterhornabovemethods76.
Maximumcongestionisseenin70.Incaseofthrottlingthesituationandextent(a)Chokingofthebruised
areasontheneckdependonthe(b)HangingfollowingEXCEPT(c)Strangulation(a)Relativepositionsof
theassailantand(d)Drowningvictim(b)Themannerofgraspingtheneck77.Incommandopunchthe
injuryusually(c)Thedegreeofpressureexertedupontheoccurstothroat(a)Eye(b)Neck(d)Themannerof
applicationoftheligature(c)Face(d)Chest65.(b)66.(d)67.(b)68.(c)69.(b)70.(d)71.(a)72.(a)73.(c)
74.(c)75.(a)76.(c)77.(b)Chapter13.indd1097/13/20115:17:31PM
7.110SECTIONI:FORENSICMEDICINE78.Thefollowingarethedierencesofstrangula85.Fracture
ofthebodyofthyroidcartilagemaytionfromhangingEXCEPTbeseeninthefollowingconditionsEXCEPT
(a)Carotidarteriesdamageisrare(a)Throttling(b)Fracturedislocationofcervicalvertebraeis(b)Ina
cyclistintracaccidentcommon(c)Hanging(c)Neckisnotelongated(d)Karateblowtothefrontofthe
neck(d)Externalsignsofasphyxiaarewellmarked86.Bruisingofthemusclesofneckandlarynxwith79.
Fractureofhyoidbone,thyroidcartilageandfractureofthyroidcartilageandhyoidboneiscricoidcartilage
alongwithneckmusclebruisseenindeathduetoingsuggests(a)Hanging(a)Manualstrangulation(b)
Throttling(b)Ligaturestrangulation(c)Ligaturestrangulation(c)Hanging(d)Traumaticasphyxia(d)
Choking87.Palmarstrangulationiscausedby80.Fractureofhyoidbonewiththyroidcartilage(a)Forcibly

closingthroatbyrightpalmalongwithneckmusclebruisingsuggestsdeath(b)Forciblyclosingthroatby
bothpalmsdueto(c)Forciblyclosingthroatbyngersofboth(a)Strangulation(b)Hanginghands(c)
Choking(d)Gagging(d)Karateblowtothefrontoftheneck81.Bilateralcomminutedfracturesofthelarynx
88.Swellingandprotrusionofthetongueismoreareusuallycausedbycommonin(a)Pressingtheneckwith
thehands(a)Hanging(b)Ablowtotheneck(b)Ligaturestrangulation(c)Ligaturestrangulation(c)
Traumaticasphyxia(d)Garrotting(d)Gagging82.Anteroposteriorcompressionfractureofthe89.Cricoid
cartilageisusuallyfracturedinlarynxisusuallycausedby(a)Throttling(a)Ligaturestrangulation(b)
Ligaturestrangulation(b)Throttling(c)Traumaticasphyxia(c)Garrotting(d)Ablowtothefrontoftheneck
(d)Hanging90.Whichoneofthefollowingregardingdeath83.Adductiontypeoffractureofhyoidboneis
duetothrottlingisNOTtrue?seenindeathdueto(a)Fractureofthehyoidbone(a)Ligaturestrangulation(b)
Fractureofthyroidcartilage(b)Hanging(c)Collectionofbloodbehindthepharynx,(c)Throttlinglarynxand
onthefrontofthecervicalspine(d)Motorvehicleaccidents(d)Fractureofcricoidcartilage84.Ablowon
thelarynxmaycausedeathfrom91.Fractureofhyoidboneandlarynxindicate(a)Laryngospasm(a)
Accidentalthrottling(b)Fractureofhyoidbone(b)Suicidalthrottling(c)Airembolism(c)Homicidal
throttling(d)Nerveparalysis(d)Alloftheabove78.(b)79.(a)80.(a)81.(b)82.(d)83.(c)84.(a)85.(c)
86.(b)87.(b)88.(b)89.(a)90.(c)91.(c)Chapter13.indd1107/13/20115:17:31PM
8.MECHANICALASPHYXIA11192.Themostcommoncauseofsuocationis98.Thepostmortem
ndingseeninsmothering(a)Inhalationofirrespirablegases(a)Abrasionontheinnersideoftheupperlip
(b)Closureofglottis(b)Fracturebodyofhyoid(c)Pressureonchest(c)Thyroidfracture(d)Deprivationof
oxygen(d)Curvedmarksontheneck93.Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsregard99.Thepositive
ndingsofburialofalivingperingsuicidalsmotheringisNOTtrue?sonis(a)Itcanoccurbyclosingthe
noseandmouth(a)Presenceofmouldsonthebodybythehand(b)Congestionofliverandspleen(b)Itis
possiblebyburyingthefaceinamattress(c)Markedpulmonaryoedema(c)Itispossiblebylyingagainstthe
bedclothing(d)Earthorsandintracheaandbronchitoobstructthenoseandmouth100.Fromautopsy,itis
extremelydiculttode(d)Itcanbeeectedbytyingapolythenebagtectoverthehead(a)Homicidal
smothering94.Insuocation,petechialhaemorrhagesmaybe(b)Homicidalgaggingseenin(c)Homicidal
choking(a)Pericardium(b)Meninges(d)Homicidalligaturestrangulation(c)Peritoneum(d)Allofthe
above101.Burkingisanamederivedfroma95.WhichoneofthefollowingisNOTcorrect,(a)Place
concerningaccidentalsmothering?(b)Person(a)Itislesscommonthansuicidalsmothering(c)Firearm(b)It
canoccurinavitiatedatmosphere(d)Weaponusedformurder(c)Itisnotnecessarythatthemouthand
nostrils102.Amethodofhomicidalsmotheringandtraushouldbecompletelyclosedatthestartmatic
asphyxiaisknownas(d)Anintoxicatedpersonmaysmotherhimself(a)Choking(b)Gaggingbyburyinghis
faceinapilloworcovering(c)Burking(d)Overlayingwithbedclothes103.Amethodofsittingoverchest
andclosing96.Itistrueregardingsubcutaneousruptureofnostrilsandmouthtocauseasphyxialdeathis
larynxandtracheathatknownas(a)Itmayproducewidespreadsubcutaneous(a)Overlaying(b)Choking
emphysema(b)Itcanbeproducedbytheimpactionoflarge(c)Burking(d)Gaggingfoodbolus104.Burking
iscombinationofsmotheringand(c)Itisonlyapresumptionnotareality(a)Strangulationbyligature(d)
Noneoftheabove(b)Throttling97.Palenessofthefacewithfewpetechialhaemor(c)Gaggingrhagesin
theeyelidsareseenwhensmothering(d)Traumaticasphyxiaiscausedby105.Inburkingthecauseofdeath
is(a)Closingthemouthandnosebythehand(a)Smothering(b)Inairtightplace(b)Traumaticasphyxia(c)
Inhalationofirrespirablegases(c)Smotheringandtraumaticasphyxia(d)Headandfaceenclosedinaplastic
bag(d)Cerebralcongestion92.(a)93.(a)94.(a)95.(a)96.(a)97.(d)98.(a)99.(d)100.(a)101.(b)102.(c)
103.(c)104.(d)105.(c)Chapter13.indd1117/13/20115:17:31PM
9.112SECTIONI:FORENSICMEDICINE106.Thecauseofdeathfromchokingincludeallof113.Cafe
coronaryisthefollowingEXCEPT(a)Atypeofdeathduetochoking(a)Asphyxia(b)Cerebralanaemia(b)
Suddendeathduetocoronarythrombosis(c)Cardiacinhibition(d)Laryngealspasm(c)Deathdueto
alcoholiccardiomyopathy107.Choking(d)Foodpoisoning(a)Itisaformofasphyxiacausedbymechanical
114.Thecauseofdeathincafecoronaryisocclusionwithinairpassagesbyasolid(a)Asphyxiaobject(b)
Coronarythrombosis(b)Atwigofmadar20cmlong(c)Suddenheartattack(c)ItispractisedinIndiaby
dais(d)Laryngealspasm(d)Occursduetoclosureofexternalrespiratory115.Inoverlayingdeathoccursdue
toorices(a)Smothering108.Modeofdeathfromobstructionoftheairpas(b)Compressionofthechest
sagesfromwithinis(c)Inhalationofgastriccontents(a)Anaemicanoxia(b)Stagnantanoxia(d)Noneofthe
above(c)Anoxicanoxia(d)Histotoxicanoxia116.Thetermoverlayingimplies109.Chokingdueto
regurgitationoffoodmayoc(a)Asphyxiacausedbyanobstructionwithincurinairpassages(a)Underthe

inuenceofdrink(b)Homicidalsmothering(b)Headinjury(c)Asphyxiaresultingfromforcingaclothinto
(c)Traumaticasphyxiamouth(d)Smothering(d)Compressionsuocation110.Deathcauseddueto
regurgitationoffoodand117.Presenceofmucus,salivaandoedemauidoninhalationintotherespiratory
tractiscalledtheclothingtiedovermouthandissuggestive(a)Smotheringof(b)Choking(a)Antemortem
gagging(c)Traumaticasphyxia(b)Choking(d)Mugging(c)Strugglebeforedeath111.Homicidalchoking
canbeproducedwhena(d)Traumaticasphyxiavictimis118.Detectionofbuccalepitheliumonthegagging
(a)Aninfantmaterialmayhelp(b)Disabled(a)Toestablishthesexofthevictim(c)Undertheinuenceof
alcohol(b)Toestablishthesexoftheaccused(d)Alloftheabove(c)Toascertaintheageofthevictim112.
Cafecoronarycommonlyoccursinpersons(d)Toascertaintheageoftheaccusedwho119.Traumatic
asphyxiaresultsfrom(a)Hadapreviousheartattack(a)Injurytothehead(b)Intoxicated(b)Crushingofthe
chestandabdomen(c)Sueringfromanginalattacks(c)Crushingofthelowerlimbs(d)Alloftheabove(d)
Fallfromaheightonthebuttocks106.(b)107.(a)108.(c)109.(a)110.(b)111.(d)112.(b)113.(a)114.(a)
115.(b)116.(d)117.(a)118.(a)119.(b)Chapter13.indd1127/13/20115:17:32PM
10.MECHANICALASPHYXIA113120.Allofthefollowingarecausesoftraumaticas(c)Coldwater
enteringeardrumsormucosaofphyxiaEXCEPTthepharynxandlarynx(a)Grosscompressionofthechest
and(d)Alloftheaboveabdomen127.Atypicalarrestduetodrowningis(b)Stampedeinacrowd(a)Cardiac
arrestduetodrowning(c)Fallsofearthorstoneduringtunnelling(b)Laryngospasmduetodrowning(d)
Grosscompressionofthehead(c)Drowninginunconsciousstate121.Allthefollowingcancausetraumatic
asphyxia(d)AlloftheaboveEXCEPT128.Drydrowningis(a)Railwayaccident(a)Whenapersonfallsin
adrywellanddies(b)Roadtracaccident(b)Deathoccursduetofallinwaterfromspasm(c)Stampedein
crowdoflarynx(d)Accidentalstrangulation(c)Fallsinwateranddieduetovagal122.Thecharacteristic
featureoftraumaticasphyxiainhibitionis(d)Alloftheabove(a)Multiplefracturesofbones129.Whichis
NOTacontributorycauseofdeath(b)Deeppurplecolourofthehead,neckandinimmersionsyndrome?
upperchest(a)Coldwaterenteringthepharynxand(c)Collapseofthelungslarynx(d)Abrasionsand
contusionsaroundthemouth(b)Coldwaterstimulatingthenerveendingsofandnosethesurfaceofthebody
123.Whichofthefollowingisnotacauseofdeath(c)Highemotionduetosuocation?(d)Hyperkalaemia
(a)Choking(b)Gagging130.Thesaltconcentrationofseawaterisabout(c)Smothering(d)Throtting(a)
0.5%(b)0.1%124.Deathisusuallyaccidentalinthefollowing(c)2.0%(d)3.0%conditionsEXCEPT131.
Infreshwaterdrowningthereis(a)Traumaticasphyxia(b)Choking(a)Hypernatraemia(c)Gagging(d)
Overlaying(b)Hyperkalaemia125.Thetermdrydrowningisusedwhendeath(c)Hypermagnesaemia
occurs(d)Hypercalcaemia(a)Withinhalfhourtoseveraldaysafter132.Hypervolaemiaandhyperkalaemia
areseeninresuscitation(a)Freshwaterdrowning(b)Fromimmediatesustainedlaryngealspasm(b)Saltwater
drowning(c)Fromvagalinhibition(c)Drydrowning(d)Fromhyperkalaemia(d)Immersionsyndrome126.
Inimmersionsyndromedeathresultsfromva133.Haemodilutionoccursingalinhibitiondueto(a)Seawater
drowning(a)Coldwaterstrikingtheepigastrium(b)Freshwaterdrowning(b)Coldwaterstimulatingthe
sensorynerves(c)Bothseawaterandfreshwaterdrowningintheskin(d)Noneoftheabove120.(d)121.(d)
122.(b)123.(d)124.(c)125.(b)126.(d)127.(d)128.(b)129.(d)130.(d)131.(b)132.(a)133.(b)Chapter
13.indd1137/13/20115:17:32PM
11.114SECTIONI:FORENSICMEDICINE134.Exchangeofwaterindrowningatalveolarlevel(a)Total
asphyxiaisproducedduetofreshdependsuponwaterdrowning(a)Quantityofthewaterinhaled(b)
Laryngospasmcausesvagalinhibition(b)Osmoticgradientbetweenbloodandwater(c)Haemoconcentration
ofbloodcausedby(c)Thicknessofthealveolarseptaosmoticpressureeect(d)Alloftheabove(d)
Haemodilution,overloadingofheartand135.Thecommoncauseofdeathinfreshwaterhaemolysisresulting
inreleaseofpotassiumdrowningis142.Fatalperiodinfreshwaterdrowningisabout(a)Asphyxia(a)2to3
minutes(b)4to5minutes(b)Ventricularbrillation(c)4to8minutes(d)8to10minutes(c)Laryngeal
spasm143.Hypernatraemiaisseenin(d)Vagalinhibition(a)Freshwaterdrowning136.Thecommoncause
ofdeathinseawater(b)Saltwaterdrowningdrowningis(c)Immersionsyndrome(a)Laryngealspasm(b)
Vagalinhibition(d)Alloftheabove(c)Exhaustion(d)Asphyxia144.Signsofasphyxiaareabsentin137.In
drydrowningdeathisdueto(a)Wetdrowning(a)Laryngealspasm(b)Drydrowning(b)Exhaustion(c)
Secondarydrowning(c)Ventricularbrillation(d)Seawaterdrowning(d)Vagalinhibition145.Slowdeath
occursfromasphyxiain138.Thecauseofdeathinimmersionsyndromeis(a)Freshwaterdrowning(a)
Laryngealspasm(b)Saltwaterdrowning(b)Ventricularbrillation(c)Secondarydrowning(c)Vagal
inhibition(d)Immersionsyndrome(d)Asphyxia146.Indrowninginunconsciousstatethelungs139.The

complicationofdrowninginfreshwaterisare(a)Haemodilution(a)Ballooned(b)Severepulmonaryoedema
(b)Notballooned(c)Hypokalaemia(c)Collapsed(d)Hypernatraemia(d)Showcongestionandpetechial
haemorrhages140.Reexcardiacarrestisdueto147.Whichofthefollowingisnotseeninseawater(a)
Suddenowofwaterintothenasopharynxdrowning?(b)Suddenthrustofwaterovertheabdominal(a)
Hypernatraemiaregion(b)Hyperkalaemia(c)Inboth(a)and(b)(c)Fluidretention(d)Doesnotoccurin
drowning(d)Intravasculardehydration141.Incaseoffreshwaterdrowningdeathoccurs148.Victimof
drowninginastateofsuspendedwithin4to5minofsubmersionduetovenanimationcanberevivedwithin
tricularbrillation.Whichofthefollowing(a)10to20minutes(b)30to60minutesreasonsisresponsiblefor
this?(c)1to2hours(d)2to3hours134.(b)135.(b)136.(d)137.(a)138.(c)139.(a)140.(c)141.(d)142.
(c)143.(b)144.(c)145.(b)146.(b)147.(b)148.(a)Chapter13.indd1147/13/20115:17:32PM
12.MECHANICALASPHYXIA115149.Atautopsy,abodywasfoundtohavenefroth157.Most
importantsignofdeathduetodrowningfromthenoseandmouthwhichincreasedoniscompressionofthe
chest.Whichofthefollow(a)Washerwomanshandsandfeetingisthemostlikelycauseofdeath?(b)
Weedsandgrassgraspedinthehands(a)Opioidpoisoning(b)Hanging(c)Cutisanserina(c)Drowning(d)
Cyanidepoisoning(d)Cyanosis150.Reactionphenomenonisseenin158.Importantsignofantemortem
drowningisin(a)Burns(b)Drowningdicatedby(c)Poisoning(d)Gunshotinjury(a)Cutisanserina151.It
istrueregardingseawaterandfreshwater(b)Frothyuidinmouthandnostrildrowningthat(c)Grassand
weedsinhands(a)Themechanismofdeathisthesame(d)Washerwomenshands(b)Themechanismof
deathisdierent159.Postmortemstainingisusuallyfoundonthe(c)Themechanismofdeathisthesamebut
theface,upperpartofthechestandhandsandfeettimetakenisdierentindeathdueto(d)Alloftheabove
(a)Choking(b)Strangulation152.Rigormortisincaseofdrowning(c)Drowning(d)Traumaticasphyxia(a)
Appearslate160.Themostcharacteristicexternalsignofdrown(b)Appearsearlyingis(c)Hasnoeecton
appearance(a)Cutisanserina(d)Appearsearlyinpostmortemdrowning(b)Washerwomanshandsandfeet
153.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabout(c)Fine,white,latheryfrothatthemouthandfreshwater
drowning?nostrils(a)Hypovolaemia(d)Distendedabdomen(b)Ventricularbrillation(c)Hyperkalaemia
161.Specicgravityofhumanbodyis(d)Haemolysis(a)1.08(b)2.01(c)1.05(d)2.35154.Cutisanserina
isseenin(a)Drowning(b)Hanging162.Largequantityoffrothisfoundatthemouth(c)Electrocution(d)
Mummicationandnoseinthefollowing,EXCEPT155.Washerwomanshandsandfeetareusuallyseen(a)
Strangulationinacaseofdrowningin(b)Electricalshock(a)6to12hours(b)18to24hours(c)Traumatic
asphyxia(c)24to36hours(d)36to48hours(d)Opiumpoisoning156.Allofthefollowingarefeaturesof
washer163.Achildgotdrownedinapond.Themostcharwomanshands,EXCEPTacteristicndingat
autopsyis(a)Soddeningoftheskin(a)Petechialhaemorrhages(b)Thinningoftheskin(b)Washerwomans
feet(c)Wrinklingoftheskin(c)Cutisanserina(d)Bleachingoftheskin(d)Frothatmouthandinrespiratory
passage149.(c)150.(b)151.(b)152.(b)153.(a)154.(a)155.(b)156.(b)157.(b)158.(c)159.(c)160.(c)
161.(a)162.(c)163.(d)Chapter13.indd1157/13/20115:17:32PM
13.116SECTIONI:FORENSICMEDICINE164.Frothofdrowningcanbedierentiatedfrom(b)Frothin
thetracheathatduetoothercausesby(c)Mudandsandparticlesintheterminal(a)Microscopicdetectionof
mucusbronchioles(b)Detectingexcessofsodiumchloride(d)Diatomsinthelungs(c)Detectingexcessof
potassium171.Infreshwaterdrowningthelungsare(d)Detectingexcessofmagnesium(a)Balloonedbut
lightinweight165.Absenceoffoamindrowningcanbefoundin(b)Balloonedandheavy(a)Drydrowning
(c)Theshapeofsectionedportionisnot(b)Immersionsyndromeretained(c)Both(a)and(b)(d)Copious
amountsofuidpoursoutofthe(d)Wetdrowningcutsection166.Thecolourofthepostmortemstaining
maybe172.Insaltwaterdrowningthelungsarepinkorcyanoticindeathdueto(a)Balloonedandheavy(a)
Hanging(b)Balloonedbutlightinweight(b)Drowning(c)Palepinkincolour(c)Traumaticasphyxia(d)On
sectionwaterdoesnotpourout(d)Throttling173.Indeathduetodrowninginseadierenceof167.The
importantndingofantemortemdrownatleast%inchloridecontentinleftandingisrightsideof
heartissignicant(a)Frothinmouthandnostrils(a)5(b)10(b)Washerwomanshandsandfeet(c)25(d)60
(c)Fluidandairinthebronchi174.Apersonbroughttocasualtyshowingfrothat(d)Haemoconcentration
themouthandnose,whichincreasesoncom168.Allofthefollowingarethendingsinseawapressionof
chest,isseeninterdrowningEXCEPT(a)Secondarydrowning(a)Pulmonaryoedema(b)Strangulation(b)
Hypernatraemia(c)Drydrowning(c)Hyperkalaemia(d)Hanging(d)Haemoconcentration175.Petechial
haemorrhagesindrowningmaybe169.Regurgitationofgastriccontentsintothelarseeninynxandtrachea
incasesofdrowningisdueto(a)Subpleuraltissuesoflung(a)Ingestionoflargequantitiesofwater(b)

Submucosaoftrachea(b)Medullaryhypoxia(c)Bronchioles(c)Stimulationofgastricmucosabysubstances
(d)Alveoliiningestedwater176.Drowningcanbediagnosedifthereis(d)Alloftheabove(a)Cyanosis
170.Themostcharacteristicinternalndingin(b)Fractureofhyoidbonedrowningis(c)Wateranddiatoms
inlungsandstomach(a)Emphysemaaquosum(d)Alloftheabove164.(a)165.(c)166.(b)167.(c)168.(c)
169.(b)170.(c)171.(a)172.(a)173.(c)174.(a)175.(a)176.(c)Chapter13.indd1167/13/20115:17:32PM
14.MECHANICALASPHYXIA117177.Drowningischaracterisedbythefollowing185.Incasesofdeath
duetodrowning,waterinsignsEXCEPTsmallintestineis(a)Lungsareballooned(a)Animportantnding
(b)Tracheaandbronchicontainfrothandsand(b)Notanimportantnding(c)Diatomsarepresent(c)Helps
inestimatingtimesincedeath(d)Stomachisemptywhilelungsarefullof(d)Noneoftheabovewater186.
Temporalbonehaemorrhagesarefoundin178.Bulkyoedematouslungswithnefrothand(a)Throttling(b)
Drowningdiatomsaresuggestiveof(c)Cyanidepoisoning(d)Arsenicpoisoning(a)Antemortemdrowning
187.Inaputreedbody,themostimportantnd(b)Postmortemdrowningingindicatingdeathdueto
drowningis(c)Antemortemhanging(a)Specicgravityofplasmafromrightsideof(d)Suicidalhanging
heartismorethanleft179.Indrowning,emphysemaaquosumisseenin(b)Dierenceinchlorideinright
andleftside(a)30%(b)50%ofheart(c)80%(d)95%(c)Presenceofwaterinthepleuralcavities180.
Emphysemaaquosumisseenin(d)Presenceofdiatomsininternalorgans(a)Wetdrowning188.Ifthe
postmortemisdelayedinacaseofdrown(b)Drydrowninging(c)Secondarydrowning(a)Thetypical
ndingsinthelungsmay(d)Immersionsyndromedisappear(b)Thetypicalndingsinthelungsarenot181.
Paltaufshaemorrhagesareseeninaected(a)Electrocution(b)Hanging(c)Thediatomtestbecomes
negative(c)Throttling(d)Drowning(d)Noneoftheabove182.Presenceofaquaticvegetationinlower
respira189.Aciddigestiontechniqueisusedfortorytractinacaseofdrowning(a)Detectionofalgaein
stomachcontentsin(a)Ispositiveproofofdrowningdrowning(b)Notadenitesign(b)Detectionof
diatomsintissuesin(c)Notsignicantatalldrowning(d)Canbeseeninbothantemortemand(c)Detection
ofmetallicpiecesinthemusclespostmortemdrowning(d)Alloftheabove183.Waterisfoundinthe
stomachincasesof190.Oneofthefollowingisasuresignofdeathduedrowningintodrowning(a)20to
30%cases(b)30to40%cases(a)Cutisanserina(c)50to60%cases(d)60to70%cases(b)Waterinthe
stomach184.Watercanbeabsentinthestomachincasesof(c)Pulmonaryoedemadrowningdueto(d)
Diatomsdetectedinbonemarrow(a)Immersionsyndrome191.Theconrmatorylaboratorytestfordeath
due(b)Putrefactiontodrowninginseawateris(c)Both(a)and(b)(a)Diatomtest(b)Chloridetest(d)
Absorptionofwaterafterdeath(c)Specicgravitytest(d)Noneoftheabove177.(d)178.(a)179.(c)180.
(a)181.(d)182.(a)183.(d)184.(c)185.(a)186.(b)187.(d)188.(a)189.(b)190.(d)191.(d)Chapter
13.indd1177/13/20115:17:32PM
15.118SECTIONI:FORENSICMEDICINE192.Commonesttypeofdrowningis(a)Diatomtest(a)
Suicidal(b)Accidental(b)Chloridetest(c)Homicidal(d)Undetermined(c)Magnesiumestimation193.
Accidentaldrowningcanberuledoutif(d)Noneoftheabove(a)Handsandfeetaretiedbyaligature200.In
fakeddrowning,thefollowingsignsmaybe(b)ThebodyistiedupinsideagunnybagpresentEXCEPT(c)
Heavyweightsareattachedtothebody(a)Lungswillbenormal(d)Alloftheabove(b)Heartshowsnormal
chloridecontentsin194.Whichofthefollowingsignwillindicatethatbothchambersthedeathdueto
drowningwasantemortem?(c)Tracheawillnotbecongested(a)Cutisanserina(d)Cutisanserinawillbe
prominent(b)Washerwomanshands201.Inapersonwhodiedofdrowninginseawater(c)Weedsandgrass
inthehands(a)Lungsarepalepink(d)Cyanosis(b)Signsofasphyxiaarenotseen195.Hydrostaticlungcan
beseen(c)Stomachdoesnotcontainwater(a)Ifthebodyisremovedfromwaterwithin6(d)Thechloride
contentofleftsideofheartishoursofdrowninghigher(b)Ifthebodyremainsinwateratadepthof2202.
Diatomsaremetresfor20hours(a)Parasites(b)Algae(c)Insecondarydrowning(c)Bacteria(d)Fungi(d)
Drowninginshallowwater203.Theconclusivepostmortemndingofdeath196.Falsenegativehydrostatic
testinalivebornbydrowningisfoetusisseenin(a)Cutisanserina(a)Atelectasis(b)Articialrespiration
(b)Presenceofwaterinthemiddleear(c)Emphysema(d)Putrefaction(c)Oedematouslung197.Ina
suspectedcaseofdrowningdiatomscanbe(d)Demonstrationofdiatomsintheorgansoflookedforinthe
body(a)Brain(b)Bonemarrow204.Gettlerstestisusedin(c)Liver(d)Alloftheabove(a)Hanging(b)
Strangulation198.Dierenciatebetweenfreshwaterdrowning(c)Drowning(d)Poisoningandseawater
drowning205.Bleachingofcuticlebeginsafter(a)Frothingisseeninfreshwaterdrowning(a)4to8hoursof
immersiononly(b)12hoursofimmersion(b)Diatomsarefoundinthesternumin(c)24hoursofimmersion
freshwaterdrowning(d)48hoursofimmersion(c)Increaseinthechloridelevelsintheleftsideofheart206.
Floatationofabodyinwaterisdueto(d)Pulmonaryoedema(a)Fleshbeingeatenbyshes199.The

followingistheabsoluteandconrmatory(b)Presenceofgaseslaboratorytestfordeathsduetodrowningin
(c)Waterloggingofbodyseawater(d)Alloftheabove192.(b)193.(d)194.(c)195.(b)196.(a)197.(d)
198.(c)199.(d)200.(d)201.(d)202.(b)203.(d)204.(c)205.(a)206.(b)Chapter13.indd1187/13/2011
5:17:32PM
16.MECHANICALASPHYXIA119207.Adeadbodywilloatinsummerafterdrown(c)Cancause
delayeddeathingin(d)Cancausesecondarydrowning(a)6to12hours(b)12to24hours211.Themost
fatalcomplicationthatcanoccurto(c)24to36hours(d)36to48hoursdivers(underhighatmospheric
pressure)is208.Airpocketsinclothingmaycause(a)Pulmonaryoedema(a)Earlyoatationofthebody(b)
Airembolism(b)Lateoatationofthebody(c)Vagalinhibition(c)Noeectonoatation(d)Suocation(d)
Nooatationatall212.Sexualasphyxiasarecommonlyassociated209.Deepinspirationabovethewater
levelmaywithcause(a)Sadism(b)Fetichism(a)Noeectonoatationofbody(c)Masochism(d)
Voyeurism(b)Earlyoatationofbody213.Themostfrequentmethodofsexualasphyxias(c)Lateoatation
ofbodyis(d)Lateoatationofbodyonlyinseawater(a)Hanging210.Hyperventilationbeforedrowning(b)
Electricalstimulationofgenitals(a)Cancauseimmediatedeath(c)Envelopingtheheadinaplasticbag(b)
Doesnotaltertheprocessofdrowning(d)Inhalationofstupefyingsubstances207.(b)208.(a)209.(b)210.
(c)211.(b)212.(c)213.(a)Chapter13.indd1197/13/20115:17:32PM
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