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Assumptions:
1. Assumes sample is random sample
Test Statistic:
Wcalculated
k a n i +1 (x( n i +1) x (i ) )
= i =1
SD n 1
Where:
n = total number of observations
SD = standard deviation
x(i) = ordered sample from smallest to largest
x(n-i+1) = ordered sample from largest to smallest
k = greatest integer less than or equal to n/2
an-i+1 = coefficient for observed n (Table A6 in Gilbert, 1987)
Decision Rule:
Reject Ho at the
=0.05)
Source:
Gilbert, 1987
TPA/138650/FINALREPORT_OCTOBER 4, 2002/APPENDIX G
G-1
Source:
Gilbert, 1987
USEPA, 1992
s
UCL = x + t
n
Where:
UCL =
number of samples
TPA/138650/FINALREPORT_OCTOBER 4, 2002/APPENDIX G
G-2
(1)
If the data set was distributed lognormally, the 95 percent UCL was calculated using the
following formula (EPA, 1992a):
UCL = e (
x + 0.5 s 2 + sH
n 1
(2)
Where:
UCL =
number of samples
When data are non-normal, then non-parametric methods were used to estimate UCL95% using
EPA statistical calculation package available through regional EPA program for such estimations
(ProUCL, Version 2.0, Prepared by Environmental Services, Lockheed Martin, under contract to
EPA 2001).
Assumptions
1. The k distributions are assumed to be identical in shape
Test Statistic
1. Rank the m data from smallest to largest. Assign midranks to ties.
2. Compute the sum of the ranks for each k data sets. Denote the sum of the jth data set
by Rj
3. If there are no tied values compute:
k R2
12
j
Kw =
3(m + 1)
m(m + 1) j =1 n j
Kw
K w' =
1
g
1
t j (t 2j 1)
2
m(m 1) j =1
TPA/138650/FINALREPORT_OCTOBER 4, 2002/APPENDIX G
G-3
Where:
nj = number of samples in the jth dataset
m = n 1 + n 2 + + nk
Rj = sum of the ranks of the jth dataset
g = number of tied groups
tj = number of tied data in the jth group
Decision Rule:
Reject Ho and accept Ha at an level of signficance if:
K w' 12,k 1
Where,
12,k 1 is the 1 quantile of the chi-square distribution with k-1 degrees of freedom
and can be found in Table A19 of Gilbert (1987).
Source:
Gilbert, 1987
REFERENCES
Gilbert, R.O. 1987. Statistical Methods for Environmental Pollution Monitoring. Van
Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
USEPA, 1992. Statistical Analysis of Groundwater Monitoring Data at RCRA Facilities
Addendum to Interim Final Guidance. Draft.
TPA/138650/FINALREPORT_OCTOBER 4, 2002/APPENDIX G
G-4