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Planning & Construction

of LTE networks

Jaloliddin Boykulov

GSA Mobile broadband reports, April 2011; www.gsacom.com

Instantaneous downlink peak data rate of at least 100 Mb/s within 20 MHz
Instantaneous uplink peak data rate of 50 Mb/s
E-UTRAN optimised for low mobile speed: 0-15 km/h. Higher mobile speed
between 15-120 km/h should be supported with high performance. Mobility
shall be maintained at speeds 120km/h-350km/h (or even up to 500 km/h
depending on the frequency band)
Spectrum flexibility: scalable to operate in 1.4, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20Mhz;
Co-existence with GERAN/3G on adjacent channels: with other operators on
adjacent channels: overlapping or adjacent spectrum at country borders:
handover with UTRAN and GERAN

LTE is the natural evolution for GSM and HSPA network operators
Re-use of several existing network assets
Deliver new, improved services and applications
With LTE, an operator can achieve a sustainable competitive advantage
LTE also brings a much improved Business Proposition compared to the
legacy technologies
Spectrum flexibility: Can use new or re-farmed spectrum, FDD and TDD.
Variable channel bandwidth
Highly reliable: Extreme efficiency, Innovation and intelligence which supports
a proposition of personalized and quality experience to its customers

UzACI license on allocation of frequency bands for LTE equipment (in our case 700Mhz,
2.6GHz);

Resolution of GKRCH on usage LTE equipment in telecommunication networks of


Uzbekistan;

CEMS permission for import of equipment across the border of Uzbekistan;


Lease contract with Landlord of building/greenfield for installation 2G/3G/LTE equipment;
Permission from National AirLines for installation of LTE equipment;
Permission from CSSES (Center of State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance) for
installation of LTE equipment with compliance level of the electromagnetic radiation;

SEMS permission for design, construction & operation of LTE eNode-B;

Access

Core

Control

MGW

GSM/EDGE/

2G BTS

MSC

BSC

UMTS/HSPA
RNC

SGSN

GGSN

W-CDMA BTS
MGW
IMS

LTE / SAE
LTE BTS (eNodeB)

Improved flexible radio technology

New air I/F providing higher data throughputs


LTE provides flexibility for spectrum re-farming
and new spectrum
LTE can operate in a number of different
frequency bands

S1

HLR/HSS

MME
SAE-GW

Simpler architecture for reduced OPEX

Simplified, flat network architecture based on IP


reduces operators cost per bit significantly
Interworking with legacy systems is an integral
part of service continuity
Re-use of existing equipment as much as
possible

Multiple Access Methods


TDMA
Time Division

OFDMA

FDMA

CDMA

Frequency Division

Code Division

Frequency Division
Orthogonal
subcarriers

es
d
o

OFDM-based air interface


Symbol length is constant for all bandwidths
15 kHz subcarrier spacing
Clock is 2N (8x) multiple of 3.84 MHz
20 MHz = 1200 subcarriers
10 MHz = 600 subcarriers etc.
Scalability between 1.4 20 MHz ( 1.4 / 3.0 / 5.0 / 10 / 20 MHz )
Up to 20 MHz (1200 subcarriers)

frequency
15 kHz

Downlink:
OFDMA

Improved spectral efficiency


Reduced interference
Very well suited for MIMO

User multiplexing in frequency domain


Terminals are required to be able to receive up to 20 MHz
but only to transmit up to 10 MHz
Terminal 1 Transmitter
IFFT
FFT

frequency

BTS Receiver

Terminal 2 Transmitter
frequency

FFT
IFFT

frequency

MIMO
Transmit diversity (TxD)
-Combat fading
-Replicas of same signal sent on
several Tx antennas
-Get a higher SNR at the Rx

Spatial multiplexing (SM)


-Different data streams sent
simultaneously on different
antennas
-Higher data rate
-No diversity gain

MIMO
Transmit diversity (TxD)
-Combat fading
-Replicas of same signal sent on
several Tx antennas
-Get a higher SNR at the Rx

Spatial multiplexing (SM)


-Different data streams sent
simultaneously on different
antennas
-Higher data rate

TX

RX
Tx

MIMO
Channel Rx

-No diversity gain


-MIMO 2x2, MIMO 4x4

MIMO Channel (PBCH): The transport blocks are mapped


Physical Broadcast
into four subframes within a 40-ms interval and then decoded with no special
signaling. This channel is used for correcting mobile frequencies, control
channel structure, frame synchronization, and etc.;
Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH): This channel is
transmitted in every subframe and indicates the number of OFDMA symbols
used for the PDCCH;
Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH): This channel carries the
uplink scheduling information and informs the UE about resource allocation and
hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) for the paging channel (PCH) and the
downlink synchronization channel (DL-SCH);
Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH): This channel carries
the HARQ of acknowledge/not-acknowledge (ACK/NACK) for the uplink
transmissions;
Physical Downlink/Uplink Shared Channel (PDSCH/PUSCH): This
channel carries the DL synchronization channel (SCH) and UL-SCH as well as
PCH information;
Physical Multicast Channel (PMCH): This channel carries the multicast
information;

MIMO
Physical Uplink
Control Channel (PUCCH): This channel carries HARQ

for the downlink transmissions, as well as scheduling requests and channel


quality indicator (CQI) reports;
Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH): This channel carries the
random access preamble;

HARQ

Short TTI = 1 ms
Transmission time
interval
ARQ
Automatic Repeat
Request

LTE performance targets for Throughput and Latency


Initially up to 173Mbps DL, 58Mbps UL and latency of 10-20ms

Latency (Rountrip delay) *

Max. peak data rate **


350
300

Downlink
Uplink

GSM/EDGE

Mbps

250
HSPA Rel6

200
150

HSPAevo
(Rel 8)

100
50

LTE
min max

0
HSPA R6

HSPAevo (Rel.
7/8, 2x2 MIMO)

LTE 2x20 MHz


(2x2 MIMO)

LTE 2x20 MHz


(4x4 MIMO)

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

DSL (~20 - 50 ms, depending on operator)

ms

Handover preparation
and handover command

Before Handover

MME

MME

old eNB

old eNB

Radio frames
X2 signaling
S1 signaling

old eNB

UE

UE

GTP signaling

MME

new eNB

After handover

Serving
SAE GW

Serving
SAE GW

Serving
SAE GW

GTP tunnel

UE access to target, and


new S1 taken into use

Serving
SAE GW

MME

new eNB

UE

new eNB

UE

LTE handover principles


Lossless: Packets are forwarded from the source to the target
Network-controlled:
Target cell is selected by the network, not by the UE
UE-assisted: Measurements are reported by the UE to the network
Late path switch:
Only once the handover is successful, EPC is involved

MME/SGW

R8880 and B8200


R8880 and B8200

eNB3
eNB1

Star Topology
B8200

eNB6

GE

GE

eNB2
B8200

High Quality
Mobile Broadband Network

eNB5

eNB4

PM

FS

BPL

GA:

2010 Q3

DIMENSION:

88.4x482.6x197mm
(2U, 19inch)

SA

SA

CC

CAPACITY

POOLING

18x20M cells
(with 6 BPLs)

18x20M cells
(3 FS
configured)

WEIGHT:

< 7.5 Kg

MULTI-MODE:

With Diff. BP Cards

THROUGHPUT

200Mbps DL
75Mbps UL
(One BPL)

RRC CONNECTION

3600/eNB

180o

GA:

2010 Q4

DIMENSION:

420 x 340 x 120 mm

WEIGHT:

<= 15 Kg

POWER CONSUMPTION:

336W (Peak)

(17L)

189W (AVR)
FREQUENCY:

700/DD/900/1800/AWS/
2.1G/2.6G

FRONT

MIMO

REAR

OUTPUT POWER

BANDWIDTH

MODULATION

20 MHz
2T4R
2x2 MIMO DL
2x4 MIMO UL

2x40W

10 M
10 M

15 M
10 M

64 64QAM
UL/DL

Indoor
Indoor Macro
Macro eNodeB
eNodeB
Feeder
Power
Trans

Indoor Installation

Outdoor Installation

GUL Multi-Mode

Distributed
Distributed eNodeB
eNodeB

Feeder
Fiber

GUL MultiMode
BBU Installed
In SSC Cabinet
SSC

Battery
Power
Transmission B8200

RRU Ground
Installation

Three sector site solution 1+1+1


System Module
3-sector RF Module 3 x 60 W

The most cost


and size optimized
3-sector
configuration

System Module
3-sector RF

Flexi Multiradio BTS

/ LTE
W CDMA
le
RF Modu
/ LTE
W CDMA
odule
M
System

Just 2 modules for a


complete 3 sector
WCDMA/LTE SITE!

RRU

On the pole

On the Wall

BBU in any 19 inch rack


BBU & RRU indoor
installed on a standing
pole

BBU
On the Wall

In BTS Rack

In Transmission Rack

Small size
Flexible deployment
Easy installation & maintenance

20%~30% CAPEX Saving


30%~50% Deployment Time Saving

GSA Evolution to LTE report: May 11, 2011


http://www.gsacom.com/downloads/pdf/Global_LTE_commitments_and_trials_List_110511.php

ICT Expo, September 2010

Thank you

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