Chapter 15 reveiw bio111

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The chromosome theory of inheritance

states that _____.

genes occupy
specific
positions on
chromosomes

Why did Morgan choose Drosophila

for his genetics experiments?

They have a long

generation time.
A single mating
can produce
many offspring.
They have a
large number of
chromosomes.
Drosophila
chromosomes
can be easily
distinguishable
under a light
microscope.
Both the second
and fourth
answers are
correct.

Wild type refers to _____.

the most
common
phenotype
thought to be
found in the
natural
population

Which of the following results of

Thomas Hunt Morgan's experiments
with white-eyed mutant flies was
unexpected in light of Mendelian
genetics? (

Among the F2
progeny, only
males had white
eyes. All of the
females had red
eyes.

What is the probability that a male will

inherit an X-linked recessive allele
from his father?

0%

In an X-linked, or sex-linked, trait, it is

the contribution of _____ that
determines whether a son will display
the trait.

The mother

If a mother is heterozygous for a

recessive sex-linked trait and her
husband has the dominant allele,
which one of the following is true about
the probabilities for their children?

Half of their
sons will have
the recessive
trait.

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In werewolves (hypothetically), pointy

ears (P) are dominant over round ears
(p). The gene is on the X chromosome.
(Sex determination in werewolves is the
same as for "other" humans.) A certain
female werewolf has pointy ears even
though her father had round ears. What
percentage of her sons will have round
ears if she mates with a werewolf with
round ears?

50%

A woman is red-green color-blind. What

can we conclude, if anything, about her
father?

He is redgreen colorblind.

A woman is a carrier for red-green color

blindness, a sex-linked trait. Her husband
is normal (not color-blind) for this trait.
What are the chances that their newborn
daughter will be red-green color-blind?

0%

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused

by a sex-linked recessive allele. Its victims
are almost invariably boys, who usually
die before the age of 20. Why is this
disorder almost never seen in girls?

To express
an X-linked
recessive
allele, a
female must
have two
copies of the
allele.

Hemophilia is a sex-linked disorder. The

daughter of a father with hemophilia and
a carrier mother has a _____ probability
of having hemophilia.

50%

Queen Victoria was a carrier of a

recessive sex-linked allele for hemophilia.
Which one of the following possibilities
could explain the presence of the
hemophilia allele in her genotype?

Either her
mother was
a carrier or
her father
had
hemophilia

In a certain fish, fin rays (supporting

structures for the fins) can be either bony
or soft in adult fish. Sex linkage in a fish is
similar to that in humans. What evidence
would most strongly support the idea that
the ray locus is on the X chromosome?

Matings of
soft ray
males and
bony ray
females give
different
results from
the matings
of bony ray
males and
soft ray
females.

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A genetic defect in humans results in

the absence of sweat glands in the skin.
Some men have this defect all over their
bodies, but in women it is usually
expressed in a peculiar way: A woman
with this defect typically has small
patches of skin with sweat glands and
other patches without sweat glands. In
women, the pattern of sweat-gland
distribution can best be explained by
_____.

X chromosome
inactivation

With a microscope, you examine some

somatic cells from a woman and notice
that each nucleus has two Barr bodies.
What can you infer about the sex
chromosomes in this individual?

She is XXX

During meiosis, homologous

chromosomes sometimes "stick
together" and do not separate properly.
This phenomenon is known as _____.

nondisjunction

n Klinefelter syndrome, individuals are

phenotypically male, but they are tall
and thin, have a female-like
development of the hips and breasts,
and have testes that remain in the
abdomen instead of descending into the
scrotum. The cells of Klinefelter
individuals have two X chromosomes
and one Y (they are XXY instead of
XY). That is, Klinefelter syndrome is
a(n) _____. (Concept 15.4E-Book)

aneuploidy

Cells that have more than two complete

sets of chromosomes are termed
_____.

polyploidy

_____ is usually less severe than

_____, and _____ species have been
observed in plants, fish, amphibians,
and even mammals.

Polyploidy ...
aneuploidy ...
polyploid

Gene A is normally found on

chromosome number 15 in humans. If
amniocentesis reveals fetal cells
containing gene A on chromosome 17,
but not on 15, the best explanation
would be that _____.

translocation
occured

The exchange of segments between

nonhomologous chromosomes is called
_____

translocation

Why are individuals with an extra

chromosome 21, which causes Down
syndrome, more numerous than
individuals with an extra chromosome
3 or chromosome 16?

Extra copies of
the other
chromosomes
are probably
fatal to the
developing
embryo.

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When a person has Down

syndrome, he or she has an extra
chromosome 21. Therefore, Down
syndrome is a kind of _____ and
results from _____.

aneuploidy ...
nondisjunction of
chromosome 21
during meiosis I

Which one of the following is the

only known viable human
monosomy?

XO

Which type of chromosomal

alteration is responsible for the
disorder cri du chat?

deletion

Which of the following statements

about genomic imprinting is
incorrect?

It silences the
expression of
certain genes in
females, but not in
males.

Both chloroplasts and

mitochondria _____.

carry extranuclear
genes

It is proposed that a certain

disorder affecting the inner ear is
caused by mitochondrial DNA.
Which of the following observations
would be the most decisive evidence
against this idea?

Fathers with the

disorder pass it on
to all their
children, but
mothers with the
disorder do not
pass it along.