SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT OF BARANGAY POBLACION

ALMERIA, BILIRAN

___________

A Research Presented to the Faculty of Engineering

Naval State University
Naval, Biliran

___________

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the
CE Research/Thesis (Res 513)

___________

RASONABE JASIEL C.
October 2014

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researcher would like to take this opportunity to express her utmost
gratitude to the countless individuals, who in one way or another helped the
author in molding this piece of work into realization.
Special thanks to Dr. Rossini B. Romero, who provided her untiring effort,
patience, accommodating attitude, wholehearted advices and helpful assistance
for the completion of this study.
My high appreciation to Engr. Albert Sucalip, who extended his kindness
and time for assessing me to make this study into real.
I am truly grateful to Mr. Jose A. Mari, for his willingness and time, which
was making this study possible.
Also, the author owe gratitude to Hon. Nilda A. Montaes, the Barangay
Captain of Poblacion Almeria, Biliran, to her constituents and to all unmentioned
person who give their everlasting supports and cooperation.
The researchers acknowledge her indebtedness to her family for the
unconditional love, encouragement, prayers, financial supports and for the
patience which keeps the author always on the mode to achieve everything that
is possible.
Foremost, to the ALMIGHTY FATHER, who provided the author strength,
intellect, and guts which was the instrument for her success.

THE AUTHOR

ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS
DESCRIPTION

Page

TITLE PAGE...i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS..............iii
LIST OF TABLES...........................v
LIST OF FIGURES...vi
LIST OF APPENDICES..............vii
ABSTRACT .................viii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study...1
Objectives of the Study...................3
Framework of the Study............................4
Theoretical framework..4
Conceptual framework.5
Importance of the Study.........................7
Scope and Delimitation of the Study...........................7
Definition of Terms.............................8
Review of Literature....................8
CHAPTER II METHODOLGY
Research Design.............11
Research Locale.....................11
Research Subject.11
iii

Research Instrument...............11
Data Gathering Procedure.................12
Data Scoring.............12
Statistical Treatment of Data...13
CHAPTER III RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Profile of the Resident-Respondents and/or the Local Officials..14
Profile of the Solid Waste Management......18
Extent of Solid Waste Management of the Barangay Officials ...19
Significant relationships between the profile of the respondents
and the extent of solid waste management of the brgy officials..20
CHAPTER IV SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary of Findings......26
Conclusions..29
Recommendations..............30
LITERATURE CITED.....................31
APPENDICES...32
CURRICULUM VITAE.39

iv

LIST OF TABLES
Table

Title

Page

Profile of the resident-respondents..14

Profile of the solid waste management....18

Extent of solid waste management of the barangay official.....19

Significant relationships between the profile of the respondents

and the extent of solid waste management
of the barangay officials.23

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
1

Title

Page

Conceptual Framework of the Study.6

vi

LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix
A

Page
Letter of Request for the municipal mayor of
Almeria ,Biliran .33

Letter of Request for the barangay captain of

Poblacion Almeria, Biliran...34

Survey Questionnaire......35

Documentation..........38

vii

ABSTRACT
Rasonabe Jasiel C., Naval State University, Naval, Biliran, Philippines.
October 2014. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT OF BARANGAY POBLACION
ALMERIA, BILIRAN. A Research Study.
Instructor: DR. ROSSINI B. ROMERO
The main purpose of the study was to determine the solid waste
management of barangay Poblacion Almeria, Biliran. Specifically, it is designed
to identify the profile of the resident-respondents and/or the local government
officials according to name, sex, age, length of stay in the community, number of
family members, educational attainment, occupation, average monthly family
income, and role in the community.
The study followed the descriptive survey method adopting the self-made
survey questionnaire in collecting and gathering. Out of twenty sixty one
respondents, majority were female; majority were at the age of 41 to 50 years
old; mostly lived in about 11 to 20 years and 41 to 51 years; generally composed
of three members in their family; commonly graduated in college level; majority
were business men; typically earned of about P5,000.00 or below; and mostly
were ordinary citizens.
The barangay of Poblacion Almeria, Biliran generated an average volume
of twenty dump trucks in one week. The waste that was being collected by the
personnel was disposed in the municipality dumpsite.
The barangay officials managed the availability of container/trash basins
in the household, segregation of solid waste generated, information on the proper
solid waste management of the barangay, number of garbage collectors and
viii

personnel to enforce the anti-littering ordinances; the local officials managed less
the necessary equipment to maintain the dumpsite, commitment of personnel in
implementing of solid waste management, drainage manhole cover, residents
along the river banks and seashores disposal of garbage, equipment and
facilities for recycling of solid waste and the political support. The barangay
officials did not manage the free-flowing of canals during heavy rains.
The barangay officials must give time in resolving the problems
specifically the solid waste management in their barangay in order to protect
mother earth and to prevent occurrence of unusual catastrophes.

ix

Chapter I
INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

Solid waste management refers to all activities pertaining to the control of
generation, storage, collections, transfer and transport, treatment and processing,
and disposal of solid wastes in accordance with the best principles of public health,
economics,

engineering,

conservation,

aesthetic

and

other

environmental

considerations. (Uricerte, 2008)

One of the most obvious impacts of rapidly increasing urbanization and
economic development can be witnessed in the form of heaps of municipal solid
waste. Based on estimates, waste generation in Asia has reached 1 million tons per
day. A World Bank study showed that urban areas in Asia spent USD25 million per
year on solid-waste management, and this figure will increase to USD47 million per
year. Despite the huge expenditures, urban areas in most APO member countries
are still grappling with the challenge of preventing environmental degradation due to
nonsystematic solid-waste management. Apart from the contamination of water
resources and severe air pollution due to the open burning of solid waste, the health
hazard is another key issue to be addressed. Solid-waste management has become
an important issue in the Asia-Pacific region, and it needs to be resolved through an
integrated community, private sector, and policy-based approach. (Takenaka, 2007)
The activities associated with managing solid waste from the generation
point to final disposal normally include generation, reduction, reuse, recycling,
handling, collection, transfer and transport, transformation (e.g., recovery and
treatment), and disposal. Depending on site specific conditions, a sound waste-

management program can be established by combining some of the necessary

activities into integrated solid-waste management. On the other hand, legislative
efforts and effective implementation are vital for the safe management and disposal
of solid waste. Incentives may be provided for the development and practice of safe
treatments, harmless manufacturing processes, and methods for converting solid
waste into valuable resources by recycling and reuse. On the part of industry,
industrial waste-management is also indispensable from the viewpoint of both the
social responsibility of business corporations and ISO 14000, which will influence
their survival in global markets. (Hwa, 2007)
The move for environmental sanitation is not new in the Philippines.
Government efforts were already directed towards the protection and promotion of
health considered of paramount importance. As a result, Presidential Decree no.
856 otherwise known as Sanitation Code of the Philippines was passed on
December 1975 and was made part of the law of the land. Paragraph (c). section 83
of the Decree states that refuse shall not be thrown in any streets, sidewalk, yard,
parts or any body of water. It shall be stored in a suitable container while waiting its
final disposal. (Philippine Environmental Laws, 1983)
The Payatas tragedy in Quezon City would have not happened if the
government gave the attention it deserved. According to Romeo Capuling, the July
10 (2000) tragedy only should the importance of Government in addressing a very
basic problem that of garbage. (Philippine Daily Inquirer, 2000)
The municipality of Almeria in Biliran Province has a great number of
residents occupying the place thats why the local government takes actions by
initiating outreach programs to various barangays for them to learn proper solid

waste management. However, despite all these, there still remain a number of
people who indiscriminately dispose their garbage anywhere. And by this, they
experienced clogging of canals and overflowing of water during heavy rains.
The main purpose of this study was to determine the solid waste
management in Barangay Poblacion Almeria, Biliran to be able to address the
problems related to solid waste management.
Objectives of the Study
The main aim of the study was to determine solid waste management in
Barangay Poblacion Almeria, Biliran.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following objectives:
1. Determine the profile of the residents and/or local government officials in
terms of:
1.1 gender;
1.2 age;
1.3 educational attainment;
1.4 no. of family members;
1.5 no. of years in residence;
1.6 occupation;
1.7 monthly income; and
1.8 role in the community
2. Identify the profile of solid wastes in Barangay Poblacion, Almeria, Biliran
in terms of:
2.1 average volume of solid waste disposed per week; and

2.2 method of disposal

3. Determine the extent of solid waste management of the barangay officials
in Poblacion Almeria, Biliran; and
4. Determine the significant relationships between the profile of the residentrespondents and the extent of the solid waste management of the
barangay officials in Poblacion Almeria, Biliran.
Framework of the Study
This study was anchored on the theoretical and conceptual framework as its
main and strong foundation in the due course of its proceedings.
Theoretical framework. The theory of this study is based on the Global
Construction and Environment by Fred Moavenzadeh (1999) states that solid
wastes do not only generate foul smell and air pollution during incineration, they
also emit greenhouse gases that affect global climate. The rise in concentration of
greenhouse gases over the period from 1865 to 1960, some 100 years, was about
the same as the increase in the past thirty (30) years, and the same rate of increase
was true for methane. Methane is another greenhouse gas emitted by decaying
solid waste, it is now about two-and-one-half times what it was in pre-industrial
times.
He specified that the unavoidable component of the solid waste management
system is the landfill, since non-recyclables, non-combustibles, and the residuals of
waste processing all require disposal. It also plays an important role because it can
accommodate a large scale of the waste stream readily. However, it has limited
capacity so that, new ones must be continuously sited. Landfills should be properly
engineered to conform to environmental requirements. They entail appropriate

waste containment; gas venting facilities to allow methane to escape into the
atmosphere, and; prevention of vermin population growth in the area. A landfill
when properly designed and operated protects the public from health and safety
hazards.
Another theory which has bearing to this study is the theory of Genandrialine
Peralta (1999) on integrated solid waste management. She specified that solid
waste can also be converted into other useful products such as compost, methane,
refuse-derived fuel, etc. Combustibles such as such papers, plastics, organics, etc.
can be processed as refuse-derived fuel (RDF). They undergo size reduction and
are extruded to form briquettes or blocks of combustible refuse. These can be used
for fuel or substitute for charcoal.
Conceptual framework. As shown in Figure 1, the local government officials
and the residents of the community were the main focus of the study. To determine
the ability of the community respondents to view, understand and comply with the
management of solid waste, their profile was asked. Solicited in the profile was their
age, sex, educational attainment, number of family members, length of stay in the
community, occupation, monthly income and role in the community. Also, the local
government unit of the municipality was inquired regarding the profile of the solid
waste management such as the average volume of solid waste disposed per week
and the methods in disposal. This was made to identify how much they are
contributing to the generation of solid wastes in the municipality. Out of the result,
significant differences were ascertained to serve as a basis in evaluating the solid
waste management in the Municipality of Almeria, Biliran.

Data Gather on:

I.

II.

III.

Analysis of the Data:

Profile of the
residents and/or
local government
officials in Barangay
Poblacion, Almeria,
Biliran
Age
Sex
Educational
attainment
No. of family
members
Length of stay in the
community
Occupation
Monthly income
Role in the
community
Profile of solid
waste management
in the Municipality of
Almeria, Biliran
Average volume of
solid waste disposed
per week
Method of disposal
Extent of solid waste
management of the
barangay officials in
Poblacion, Almeria,
Biliran

I.

II.

III.

Profile of the
residents and/or
local government
officials in Barangay
Poblacion, Almeria,
Biliran
Age
Sex
Educational
attainment
No. of family
members
Length of stay in the
community
Occupation
Monthly income
Role in the
community
Profile of solid
waste management
in the Municipality of
Almeria, Biliran
Average volume of
solid waste disposed
per week
Method of disposal
Extent of solid waste
management of the
barangay officials in
Poblacion, Almeria,
Biliran

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework of the Study

Improved Solid
Waste Management in
Barangay
Poblacion,
Almeria,
Biliran

Importance of the study

This study could certainly benefit the following people:
Local Government Unit. The result of this study will provide them information
regarding solid waste management problems encountered by the municipality and
whatever the outcome is, it will give them idea to further improve their solid waste
management programs.
Residents of the community. It is hoped that the study will serve as an eyeopener to them, that solid waste management is not the responsibility of the
municipal government but theirs as well.
Future researchers. Information obtained from the study will serve as a guide
and provide data for other related future studies. This may serve as a reference for
upcoming researchers in developing their research problems.
Scope and Delimitation of the study
The study covered the profile of the residents and/or local government
officials including the age, sex, educational attainment, number of family members,
length of stay in the community, occupation, monthly income and role in the
community and also the profile of solid waste management in Barangay Poblacion,
Almeria, Biliran including the average volume of solid waste disposed per week and
the method of disposal.
This study will cover 10% percent of its household population in Barangay
Poblacion, Almeria, Biliran.

Definition of Terms
To understand better the contents of the study, the following terms were
operationally and conceptually defined:
Average volume of solid waste. Defined as the mean capacity of solid waste
generated from residential and commercial undertaking in a particular space.
Method of disposal. This refers to the process of dumping the solid waste in
an appropriate method
Solid waste. Defined as

the

unwanted

or

useless

solid

materials

generated from combined residential and commercial activities in a given area.

Solid waste management. This refers to source separation, storage,
collection, transportation and final disposal of waste in an environmentally
sustainable manner .
Review of Literature
Management of solid waste reduces or eliminates adverse impacts on
the

environment and human health and supports economic development and

improved quality of life. A number of processes are

managing

waste

for

involved

in effectively

municipality. These include monitoring, collection,

transport, processing, recycling and disposal. Solid waste management of any kind
is a relatively recent phenomenon. The use of sanitary landfills did not begin until
the early 1930s in Britain and during the 1940s in the United States. Before these
years waste was dumped on any available land or water. Although recycling had
been practiced for centuries it is only recently that solid waste management
has

become important. Recycling now forms a partnership with solid waste

management, as the one cannot exist without the other. (Scott, 1998)

Yeshey Penjor et al. (2007) stressed that Resources consumption and the
waste generation are inbuilt in the living process of a .human life. Human
activities alter all the wastes composition conditions and pose a challenge in
the waste management. The wastes, if unmanaged or inadequately managed pose
threats of epidemic diseases, air pollution and groundwater contamination
besides space constrain, odor and aesthetic problems. The situation is worse in a
municipal waste management where wastes variety ranges from biodegradable
organic wastes to

toxic, infectious and

hazardous wastes generated from

various sources. Public and the local authorities have the responsibility to dispose
municipal solid wastes to protect public health and the environment. Managing
municipal waste, industrial waste and commercial waste has traditionally consisted
of collection, followed by transportation and disposal. The particular concerns of
unmanaged

wastes arise

during

rainy seasons, high temperature and when

there are settlements in close proximity or the low-lying areas.

Sankar et al. (2007) revealed that Improper handling of solid waste and
indiscriminate disposal in open spaces, road margins, tank beds, and etcetera, give
rise to numerous potential risks to the environment and to human health. Direct
health risks mainly concern those working in the field without using proper gloves,
uniforms, and etcetera; a high percentage of waste workers and individuals who
live near or on disposal sites are infected with gastrointestinal parasites,
worms, and related organisms.
Sokka et al. (2007) specified that Municipal solid waste (MSW) usually
means all the waste fractions (e.g. kitchen waste, packaging materials, glassware,
tin cans) which are handled in the municipal waste management system.

10

MSW is produced in households, trade, industries, construction and public

and private institutes. Some part of MSW is composted, recycled or otherwise
recovered as material, some of the waste is incinerated or gasified and the rest is
landfilled.
Given the rapid rates of urbanization occurring around the world, the
importance of an efficient and effective solid waste management system is more
critical than ever before. Nowhere is this truer than in the developing world, where
unprecedented urban growth has resulted in greater amounts of municipal solid
waste (MSW) being generated.
Kirunda et al. (2009) stated that Waste management is one of the services
that are usually left to the authorities to take care of, and is particularly of concern in
the debate on sustainable development. Particular attention has to be paid to the
practices of waste management because if not well done, may have far reaching
effects on the environment and thereby affecting sustainable development. There is
an indication that the ways in which solid waste is managed, are as diverse as the
human race itself. Some

methods of waste

environmentally sound, while some

management are proper and

are not. Conventionally, solid waste (in

most cases referred to as garbage) is usually collected as a bundle of trash

by local authorities or by private firms to be taken to a transfer station and
then to a landfill (sometimes collected and taken straight to the landfill).

11

Chapter II
METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the procedure used in the conduct of the study. This
section included the research design, research locale, research subject, research
instrument, data gathering procedure, data scoring and statistical treatment of data.

Research Design
This study used the descriptive correlational method of research which
contains a survey questionnaire and a personal interview manuscript in producing
data for analysis.
Research Locale
This study was conducted in Barangay Poblacion, Almeria, Biliran.
Research Subject
To gather the data of this study, this research study was subjected to ten
percent (10 %) of the household population in the barangay of Poblacion Almeria,
Biliran as the respondents of the survey questionnaire and the local government
official assigned to solid waste management as the defendant for the personal
interview manuscript.
Research Instrument
A survey questionnaire and a personal interview were used to produce the
necessary data to specifically answer the objective of the study. The questionnaire
was constructed with three (3) parts. Part I was the profile of the residents and the
local government officials. The data generated includes the age, sex, educational

12

attainment, number of family members, length of stay in the community, occupation,

monthly income and role in the community. Part II was on the profile of the solid
waste management in their area. Part III focused on the solid waste management
responsibilities of the barangay officials in Poblacion Almeria, Biliran.
Data Gathering Procedure
Before the implementation of the study, the researcher secured an approval
letter or permission from the Municipal Mayor of the Municipality of Almeria to
conduct the study. A questionnaire was distributed to the respondents personally by
the researcher. Instructions and personal interview were all conducted during the
distribution. Data were collected, tallied and analyzed, interpreted and presented in
tables and narrative descriptions based on the variables of the study.
Data Scoring
To process the raw data that was obtained from this research, coding of data
is important. This process of coding facilitated in the statistical computation,
analysis, and tabulated as follows:
For the solid waste management in Barangay Poblacion, Almeria, Biliran:
Scale

Description

Very well managed

Well managed

Managed

Less managed

Not managed

13

Statistical Treatment of Data

To further describe and interpret the data gathered in this study, the
following statistical tools were considered in order to have scientific inferences. First
simple Percentage was used to identify the fraction of the respondents from the
total number of respondents. Then the Weighted Mean was used to determine the
solid waste management responsibilities of Barangay officials in Poblacion Almeria,
Biliran. And the Pearson Product-Moment of Correlation was used to determine the
relationship between the Profile of the resident-respondents and/or the local
government officials to the solid waste management of Barangay Poblacion
Almeria, Biliran.
.

14

Chapter III
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

This chapter presents the answer to all the questions as well as their analysis
and interpretation.
Profile of the Resident-Respondents and/or the Local Government Officials
The profile of the resident-respondents and/or the Local Government
Officials are shown in table 1 below.
Table 1
Profile of the Resident-Respondents and/or
the Local Government Officials in Barangay Poblacion,
Almeria, Biliran

Gender

Age

Number of years in
residence

Number of family
members

Female
Male
Total
20-below
21-30
31-40
41-50
51-above
Total
10-below
11-20
21-30
31-40
41-50
51-above
Total
2
3
4
5
6-above

43
18
61
f
5
8
16
18
14
61
f
12
13
11
7
13
5
61
f
1
19
10
13
18

70.49
29.51
100.00
%
8.20
13.11
26.23
29.51
22.95
100.00
%
19.67
21.31
18.03
11.48
21.31
8.20
100.00
%
1.64
31.15
16.39
21.31
29.51

15

Total

Educational
attainment

Occupation

Average monthly
income

Role in the
community

Elementary level
Secondary level
College level
Degree holder
Total
business owner
housewife
private employee
government employee
fishermen
driver
const. worker
student
sewer
Total
P5,000.00-below
P5,000.00-P10,000.00
P10,000.00-P15,000.00
P15,000.00-above
Total
Ordinary citizen
Government employee
Total

61
f
14
15
26
6
61
f
14
11
6
15
5
3
3
3
1
61
f
39
12
0
10
61
f
48
13
61

100.00
%
22.95
24.59
42.62
9.84
100.00
%
22.95
18.03
9.84
24.59
8.19
4.92
4.92
4.92
1.64
100.00
%
63.93
19.67
0.00
16.40
100.00
%
78.69
21.31
100.00

As shown in the Table, out of 61 respondents there are forty-three (43) or

70.49 percent were female and eighteen (18) or 29.51 percent were male. This
implies that majority of the respondent are females.
From the table, out of 61 respondents, there are eighteen (18) or 29.52
percent were 41 to 50 years of age while five (5) or 8.20 percent were 20 below
years of age.
As gleaned in the same table, out of 61 respondents, twelve (12) or 19.67
percent were 10 years or below residing in barangay Poblacion, thirteen (13) or
21.31 percent were 11 to 20 years existing in the barangay, eleven (11) or 18.03

16

percent were 21 to 30 years residing, seven (7) or 11.48 percent were 31 to 40

years exist in the community, thirteen (13) or 21.31 percent were 41 to 50 years
living in the barangay and five (5) or 8.20 percent were 51 years or above existing in
the community. The result indicates that the highest year of residence were 11 to 20
and 41 to 50 years, and the lowest year of residence was 51 years and above. This
data shows that majority of the respondents is living for 21 to 30 and 41 to 50 years.
This implies that the respondents were capable enough to judge of how the
Barangay Officials managed the solid waste.
As presented in the table, out of 61 respondents, one (1) or 1.64 percent
were only 2 members consisting in their family, nineteen (19) or 31.15 percent were
have a 3 members in their family, ten (10) or 16.39 percent were consisting of 4
members, thirteen (13) or 21.31 percent consisting of 5 members in the family and
eighteen (18) or 29.51 percent consisting of 6 and more than 6 members in their
family. The result specifies that the highest number of member in one household
was 6 and/or above while the lowest was 2 members every family. The data shows
that majority of the respondents were 6 or more than 6 number of members in one
family. This implies that the barangay of Poblacion can generate a large volume of
solid waste because majority of the households in the community has a 6 more than
members.
As shown in the table, out of 61 respondents, fourteen (14) or 22.95 percent
were graduated in primary level, fifteen (15) or 24.59 percent graduated in
secondary level, twenty six (26) or 42.62 percent graduated in tertiary level, and six
(6) or 9.84 percent have graduated as a degree holder. The result indicates that the
highest educational attainment was the college level and the lowest was the degree

17

holder. This data shows that majority of the respondents were graduated in college.
This implies that the respondents are knowledgeable enough about solid waste
management and knows of how the officials in the barangay managed their solid
waste.
As given away in the table, out of 61 respondents, fourteen (14) or 22.95
percent were business men, eleven (11) or 18.03 percent were housewives, six (6)
or 9.84 percent were employee of a private organization, fifteen (15) or 24.59
percent were a government employee, five (5) or 8.19 percent were fishermen,
three (3) or 4.92 percent were driver, construction worker and student, only one (1)
or 1.64 percent were a sewer. The result indicates that the topmost occupation was
business owner and the lowest was the sewer. This data shows that majority of the
respondents were a government employee. This implies that majority of them were
educated about the solid waste management of their barangay.
As presented in the table, out of 61 respondents, thirty nine (39) or 63.93
percent will earn an average income of P5, 000.00 or below in a month, twelve (12)
or 19.67 percent will yield of P5, 000.00 to P10, 000.00, while none of the
respondents earn of P10, 000.00 to P15, 000.00 and ten (10) or 16.40 percent of
the respondents earn of P15, 000.00 and above. The result indicates that the
common average monthly income of the respondents was P5,000.00 and or below
and the lowest was P10,000.00 to P15,000.00. This data shows that majority of the
respondents earn an average income of P5, 000.00 or below in a month. This
implies that the residents of the barangay cannot afford to manage their solid waste.
As shown in the table, out of 61 respondents, forty eight (48) or 78.69
percent were ordinary citizens, and thirteen (13) or 21.31 percent were Government

18

employee. This data shows that majority of the respondents were ordinary citizens
which implies that the respondents sees of how the barangay officials managed the
solid waste that being generated.
Profile of the solid waste management in Barangay Poblacion Almeria, Biliran
The study identifies the profile of solid waste management in barangay
Poblacion in terms of the average volume disposed per week and the method of
disposal they are applying.
Table 2 below shows the profile of the solid waste management in barangay
Poblacion Almeria, Biliran.
Table 2
Profile of the solid waste management
In Barangay Poblacion
Almeria, Biliran
Average
volume per
week

20 dump trucks

Waste disposed in vacant lots

Method of
disposal

Waste disposed are burnt

Waste disposed are buried in
one place
Waste disposed in the
municipality dumpsite
Total

F
0

%
0.00

0
0

0.00
0.00

100.00

100.00

As shown in the Table, the average volume of solid waste that is being
disposed is twenty (20) dump trucks per week. And all of the waste or 100 percent
of the solid waste generated from every household in barangay Poblacion were
disposed in the municipality dumpsite.

19

Extent of solid waste management of the barangay officials in Poblacion Almeria,

Biliran.
Table 3 below shows the solid waste management of the barangay officials
in Poblacion Almeria, Biliran.
Table 3
Solid waste management
of the Barangay Officials in Poblacion
Almeria, Biliran
Statement on Extent of Solid Waste
Management
Availability of container/trash basins in the
household
Segregation of solid waste generated
Information on the proper solid waste
Management of Poblacion Almeria, Biliran
Local Government of Almeria have the
Necessary equipment to maintain the
dumpsite
Number of garbage collectors
Commitment of some personnel in the
implementation of the proper solid waste
management
Free-flowing of Canals during heavy rains
Drainage manholes cover
Personnel to enforce the anti-littering
ordinances
Residents along the river banks and
seashore disposal of garbage
Equipment and facilities for recycling of
solid wastes
Political support
Average Weighted Mean

Weighted
Mean
2.79

Description

2.97
2.62

Managed
Managed

3.61

Less Managed

3.21
3.67

Managed
Less Managed

4.21
4.11
3.31

Not Managed
Less Managed
Managed

3.74

Less Managed

4.03

Less Managed

3.61
3.49

Less Managed
Less Managed

Managed

From the Table, availability of container/trash basins in the household,

segregation of solid waste generated, information on the proper solid waste

20

management of Poblacion Almeria, Biliran, number of garbage collectors, and the

personnel to enforce the anti-littering ordinances were managed by the barangay
officials; local government of Almeria have the necessary equipment to maintain the
dumpsite, commitment of some personnel in the implementation of the proper solid
waste management, drainage manholes cover, residents along the river banks and
seashore disposal of garbage, equipment and facilities for recycling of solid waste,
and the political support were less managed by the local officials; and the free
flowing of canals during heavy rains were not managed by the barangay officials.
This implies that the barangay officials of Poblacion Almeria, Biliran less managed
the solid waste of their barangay.
Significant relationships between the profile of the resident-respondents and the
extent of solid waste management of the barangay officials.
Table 4 shows the relationship between the profile of the resident-respondent
and the extent of solid waste management of the barangay officials.
From the table shown, the gender, age, number of years in residence,
number of family members, educational attainment, occupation, average monthly
income and role in the community of the resident respondents has no significant
relationship with the availability of container/trash basins in the household.
The segregation of solid waste generated has no significant relationship with
the age, number of years in residence, number of family members, educational
attainment, occupation, average monthly income and the role in the community of
the resident-respondents while the gender has a significant relationship the
segregation of solid waste generated at 0.5 alpha level of significance.

21

The Information on the proper solid waste Management of Poblacion

Almeria, Biliran has no significant relationship with the profile of the residentrespondents
The necessary equipment to maintain the dumpsite and the role in the
community of the resident-respondent has a significant relationship at 0.5 alpha
level of significance () with a degree of freedom (df) of 4. And it has no significant
relationship with the gender, age, number of years in residence, number of family
members, educational attainment, occupation and in the monthly income of the
resident respondents.
The number of garbage collectors has no significant relationship with the
profile of the resident-respondents in barangay Poblacion Almeria, Biliran.
The commitment of some personnel in the implementation of the proper solid
waste management has no significant relationship with the gender, age, number of
years in residence, number of family members, educational attainment, occupation
and the average income of the resident-respondent while the role in the community
of the resident-respondents and the commitment of some personnel in the
implementation of the proper solid waste management has a significant relationship
at 0.5 alpha level of significance () with a degree of freedom (df) of 4.
The free-flowing of canals during heavy rains has no significant relationship
with the gender, age, number of years in residence, number of family members,
educational and the occupation of the resident-respondents. While the average
monthly income was highly significant at 0.1 alpha level of significance () with a
degree of freedom of (df) 12.

And the role in the community has a significant

relationship at 0.5 alpha level of significance () with a degree of freedom (df) of 4.

22

The personnel to enforce the anti-littering ordinances has no significant

relationship with the profile of the resident-respondents.
The residents along the river banks and seashores disposal of garbage and
the age and gender of the resident-respondents has a significant relationship at 0.5
alpha level of significance () with a degree of freedom (df) of 20 and 4. And it has
no significant relationship with the number of years in residence, number of family
members, educational attainment, occupation, average monthly income and the role
in the community.
The equipment and facilities for recycling of solid wastes and the gender of
the resident-respondents has a significant relationship at 0.5 alpha level of
significance () with a degree of freedom (df) of 4. And it has no significant
relationship with the age, number of years in residence, number of family members,
educational attainment, occupation, average monthly income and the role in the
community.
The political support and the gender of the resident-respondents has a
significant relationship at 0.5 alpha level of significance () with a degree of freedom
of (df) 4. And it has no significant relationship with the age, number of years in
residence, number of family members, educational attainment, occupation, average
monthly income and the role in the community.

23

Table 4
Profile vs extent of solid waste management
Of the barangay officials

availability of
container/trash
basins in the
household

Segregation of
solid waste
generated

Information on
the proper
solid waste
Management
of Poblacion
Almeria, Biliran

Necessary
equipment to
maintain the
dumpsite

Number of
garbage
collectors

Profile
Gender
Age
No. of years in residence
No. of family members
Educational attainment
Occupation
Average monthly income
Role in the community
Profile
Gender
Age
No. of years in residence
No. of family members
Educational attainment
Occupation
Average monthly income
Role in the community
Profile
Gender
Age
No. of years in residence
No. of family members
Educational attainment
Occupation
Average monthly income
Role in the community
Profile
Gender
Age
No. of years in residence
No. of family members
Educational attainment
Occupation
Average monthly income
Role in the community
Profile
Gender
Age
No. of years in residence
No. of family members
Educational attainment

df
4
20
24
20
12
28
12
4

r
.018
.165
0.136
-0.190
0.153
0.305
-0.007
-0.043

0.087
0.167
0.303
0.149
0.079
0.138
0.955
0.745

Decision
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant

4
20
24
20
12
28
12
4

0.044
0.328
0.192
-0.155
0.60
0.313
-0.140
-0.214

0.044
0.877
0.146
0.240
0.739
0.138
0.291
0.104

Significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant

4
20
24
20
12
28
12
4

0.341
0.855
0.188
-0.004
0.620
0.348
0.186
-0.123

0.377
0.742
0.154
0.976
0.135
0.052
0.159
0.354

Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant

4
20
24
20
12
28
12
4

0.619
0.226
0.119
-0.083
0.460
0.109
-0.078
-0.276

0.172
0.699
0.368
0.533
0.774
0.886
0.558
0.034

Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Significant

4
20
24
20
12

0.801
0.861
-0.351
0.153
0.657

0.745
0.802
0.066
0.246
0.485

Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant

24

Commitment of
some
personnel in
the
implementation
of the proper
solid waste
management

Free-flowing of
Canals during
heavy rains

Drainage
manholes
cover

Personnel to
enforce the
anti-littering
ordinances

Residents
along the river
banks and

Occupation
Average monthly income
Role in the community
Profile
Gender
Age
No. of years in residence
No. of family members
Educational attainment
Occupation
Average monthly income
Role in the community
Profile
Gender
Age
No. of years in residence
No. of family members
Educational attainment
Occupation
Average monthly income

28
12
4

0.260
-0.092
-0.050

0.498
0.489
0.705

Not significant
Not significant
Not significant

4
20
24
20
12
28
12
4

0.914
0.465
-0.125
0.180
0.801
0.923
-0.065
-0.296

0.711
0.802
0.346
0.174
0.168
0.424
0.627
0.023

Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Significant

4
20
24
20
12
28
12

0.268
0.652
-0.039
0.025
0.414
0.714
-0.338

0.192
0.496
0.770
0.840
0.085
0.526
0.009

Role in the community

Profile
Gender
Age
No. of years in residence
No. of family members
Educational attainment
Occupation
Average monthly income
Role in the community

-0.314

0.015

Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
highly
significant
Significant

4
20
24
20
12
28
12
4

0.017
0.459
-0.273
0.123
0.426
0.238
-0.143
-0.472

0.023
0.968
0.037
0.384
0.074
0.758
0.278
0.00

Significant
Not significant
Significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Highly
significant

4
20
24
20
12
28
12
4

0.400
0.664
-0.031
0.197
0.423
0.746
-0.016
-0.094

0.518
0.239
0.814
0.135
0.506
0.421
0.907
0.477

Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant

4
20
24
20

0.33
0.087
0.155
-0.060

0.029
0.023
0.241
0.653

Significant
Significant
Not significant
Not significant

Profile
Gender
Age
No. of years in residence
No. of family members
Educational attainment
Occupation
Average monthly income
Role in the community
Profile
Gender
Age
No. of years in residence
No. of family members

25

seashores
disposal of
garbage

Equipment and
facilities for
recycling of
solid wastes

Political
support

Educational attainment
Occupation
Average monthly income
Role in the community
Profile
Gender
Age
No. of years in residence
No. of family members
Educational attainment
Occupation
Average monthly income
Role in the community
Profile
Gender
Age
No. of years in residence
No. of family members
Educational attainment
Occupation
Average monthly income
Role in the community

12
28
12
4

0.386
0.539
-0.023
-0.241

0.219
0.468
0.860
0.066

Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant

4
20
24
20
12
28
12
4

0.070
0.180
0.190
-0.118
0.764
0.322
-0.074
-0.146

0.027
0.217
0.149
0.374
0.388
0.438
0.578
0.270

Significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant

4
20
24
20
12
28
12
4

0.011
0.917
-0.112
-0.033
0.217
0.269
-0.028
-0.160

0.021
0.844
0.398
0.803
0.624
0.428
0.836
0.225

Significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant

26

Chapter IV
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

This

chapter

presents

the

summary

of

findings,

conclusions,

and

recommendations appropriate to the findings of the study.

Summary of Findings
This study aimed to determine the solid waste management of Barangay
Poblacion Almeria, Biliran.
The following were the findings of the study:
Profile of the resident-respondent and/or local government officials
Gender. Out of 61 respondents, forty three (43) or 70.49 percent were
female; and eighteen (18) or 29.51 percent.
Age. There were five (5) or 8.20 percent whose age of the residentrespondent was 20 years or below and eighteen (18) or 29.51 percent were 41 to
50 years of old.
Number of years in residence. Thirteen (13) or 21.31 percent of the residentrespondents were residing for 11 to 20 years in the community and another thirteen
(13) or 21.31 percent were existing in the area for 41 to 50 years; and five (5) or
8.20 percent were residing for 50 years and above.
Number of family members. There were only one (1) or 1.64 percent of
household in the barangay that has 2 members and nineteen (19) or 31.15 percent
have 3 members.

27

Educational attainment. Out of 61 respondents, twenty six (26) or 42.62

percent of the resident-respondents graduated in college; and six (6) or 9.84
percent have a degree holder.
Occupation. Fifteen (15) or 24.59 percent of the resident-respondents were
government employee; and only one (1) or 1.64 percent was sewer.
Average monthly income. There were thirty nine (39) or 63.93 percent of the
resident-respondents earned P5,000.00 or below; and none of them earned
P10,000.00 to P15,000.00.
Role in the community. Out of 61 respondents, forty eight (48) or 78.69
percent of the resident-respondents were ordinary citizens; and thirteen (13) or
21.31 percent were government employee.
Profile of the solid waste management in barangay Poblacion Almeria,
Biliran.
Average volume of solid disposed per week. Twenty (20) dump trucks is the
average volume of solid waste generated from the residential, public and
commercial building per week.
Method of disposal. 100 percent of the solid waste generated every
household in the barangay were disposed in the municipality dumpsite.
Extent of managerial responsibilities of Barangay Official in terms of solid
waste management
Extent of Solid Waste Management. The barangay officials managed the
availability of container/trash basins in the household, segregation of solid waste
generated, information on the proper solid waste management of the barangay,
number of garbage collectors and personnel to enforce the anti-littering ordinances;

28

the local officials managed less the necessary equipment to maintain the dumpsite,
commitment of personnel in implementing of solid waste management, drainage
manhole cover, residents along the river banks and seashores disposal of garbage,
equipment and facilities for recycling of solid waste and the political support; and the
barangay officials not managed the free-flowing of canals during heavy rains.
Relationship of variables.
Relationships between the profile of the resident-respondents and the extent
of solid waste management of the barangay officials. The gender has a significant
relationship the segregation of solid waste generated at 0.5 alpha level of
significance () with a degree of freedom (df) of 4. While the necessary equipment
to maintain the dumpsite and the role in the community of the resident-respondent
has a significant relationship at 0.5 alpha level of significance () with a degree of
freedom (df) of 4.Whereas the role in the community of the resident-respondents
and the commitment of some personnel in the implementation of the proper solid
waste management has a significant relationship at 0.5 alpha level of significance
() with a degree of freedom (df) of 4.
However the average monthly income was highly significant at 0.1 alpha
level of significance () with a degree of freedom of (df) 12. And the role in the
community has a significant relationship at 0.5 alpha level of significance () with a
degree of freedom (df) of 4. Though the residents along the river banks and
seashores disposal of garbage and the age and gender of the resident-respondents
has a significant relationship at 0.5 alpha level of significance () with a degree of
freedom (df) of 20 and 4.

29

The equipment and facilities for recycling of solid wastes and the gender of
the resident-respondents has a significant relationship at 0.5 alpha level of
significance () with a degree of freedom (df) of 4. And the political support and the
gender of the resident-respondents has a significant relationship at 0.5 alpha level
of significance () with a degree of freedom of (df) 4.
Conclusions
In the light of the afore-mentioned findings, the following conclusions were
drawn:
1.) Majority of the respondents were female and an ordinary citizen, and also the
respondents sees of how the Barangay officials managed their solid waste
generated because they live in the barangay for many years. Most of the
respondents were working as a government employee and a college
graduate thus they were sufficiently educated on how to manage their solid
waste properly. Besides majority of the households of the barangay consist
of three members and earn of fifteen thousand pesos or below in a month
therefore they will generate a minor volume of solid waste every household.
2.) The barangay of Poblacion Almeria, Biliran generated an average volume of
twenty dump trucks per week. And they disposed their waste in the
municipality dumpsite.
3.) The solid waste management of the barangay officials in Poblacion Almeria,
Biliran not managed the free-flowing of canals during heavy rains. They
managed less the equipment and facilities for recycling of solid waste, the
drainage manhole cover, residents along the river banks and seashores

30

disposal of garbage, the necessary equipment to maintain the dumpsite, and

the commitment of the personnel in the implementation of solid waste.
Recommendations
On the base of the result and conclusions drawn from the study, the following
recommendations are hereby ended:
1.) The barangay officials in Poblacion Almeria, Biliran should manage the
canals in order to have free-flowing of water during heavy rains.
2.) The officials must have adequate equipments for recycling of solid waste
and equipment for the maintenance of the dumpsite.
3.) The officials should enforced the anti-littering campaign to lessen the
residents who are disposing their waste in the river banks and in the
seashores.
4.) The officials in the barangay must conduct training and seminars to their
constituents so that they will be educated on how to segregate and recycle
the solid waste that is being generated in their households.
5.) The barangay officials must give time in resolving the problems specifically
the solid waste management in their barangay in order to protect mother
earth and to prevent occurrence of unusual catastrophes.
6.) Parallel studies looking at different dimensions on solid waste management
in barangay Poblacion Almeria, Biliran may be replicated to establish more
valid, sound and reliable baseline information on this subject.

31

LITERATURE CITED

Fred Moavenzadeh, Global Construction and Environment, (Wiley, 1994), 90

Genandrialine L. Peralta, Integrated Solid Waste Management, In Country
Training Course on Regional Development/Support for Local Planning and
Development Officers, (JICA-DILG, 1999), 31
Hwa, T. J., Overview of Solid Waste Management In Asian Countries, (Asian
Productivity Organization, 2007).
Mukisa Philemon Kirunda, Public Participation in Solid Waste Management:
Challenges and Prospects. A case of Kira Town Council, Uganda (University of
Agder, 2009)
National Environmental Protection Council, Philippine Environmental Laws, Vol. 11;
(1983), 53
AFP, Andrea Trinidad and Carlito Pablo, Payatas Death Toll Rises to 193,
Philippine Daily Inquirer, (17 July, 2000), 2
Scott DJ., Understanding the Contemporary Recycling Ethos: Qualifying the
Quantitative, (York, Canada: York University, 1998) Unpublished PhD
Shigeo Takenaka, Solid Waste Management:Issues and Challenges in Asia,
(Asian Productivity Organization, 2007)
Kalpana Sankar, A Proposal for Solid Waste Management Environmental
Protection that Benefits the Poor, (Hand in Hand Tamil Nadu, India)
Yeshey Penjor, Enhancing Municipal Solid Waste Management System with 3r
Options in Thimphu, Bhutan, (Asian Institute of Technology School of Environment,
Resources and Development Thailand, 2007)
EPA , Basic Facts MSW management, http://www.epa.gov./epaoswer/nonhw/muncpl/facts.htm

32

APPENDICES

33

Appendix A
LETTER TO THE MAYOR OF MUNICIPALITY OF ALMERIA, BILIRAN
Republic of the Philippines
NAVAL STATE UNIVERSITY
6543 Naval, Biliran Province
August 11, 2014
HON. DOMINADOR AGAJAN
Municipal Mayor
Municipality of Almeria, Biliran
Sir:
Greetings!
The undersigned, Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering 5 th year student of Naval
State University is currently conducting a research in partial fulfillment of the subject RES
513(CE Research/Thesis) entitled SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT OF BARANGAY
POBLACION ALMERIA, BILIRAN. In line with this, I have considered one barangay that
can be of help in assessing the management.
In this regard, it is requested if you can extend help by inviting the barangay officials
to participate in the study by means of answering the pertinent questionnaire and by
permitting me to field the same to their respective constituents. Data gathered will be
treated with care and confidentially.
I humbly request for your approval. Thank you very much and more power.
Respectfully yours,
(SGD) MS JASIEL RASONABE
Researcher
Noted:
(SGD)ROSSINI B. ROMERO, PhD
Dean, College of Engineering
Approved:
(SGD)HON._DOMINADOR AGAJAN__
Municipal Mayor

34

Appendix B
LETTER TO THE BARANGAY CAPTAIN OF POBLACION ALMERIA, BILIRAN
Republic of the Philippines
NAVAL STATE UNIVERSITY
6543 Naval, Biliran Province
August 11, 2014

HON. NILDA MONTAES

Barangay Captain
Barangay Poblacion, Almeria, Biliran
Madam:
Greetings!
The undersigned, Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering 5 th year student of Naval
State University is currently conducting a research in partial fulfillment of the subject RES
513(CE Research/Thesis) entitled SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT OF BARANGAY
POBLACION ALMERIA, BILIRAN. In line with this, your barangay was selected as the
source of information related to solid waste management of the municipality.
In this regard, the researcher would like to ask your permission to conduct survey in
your respective barangay and to distribute questionnaires to your relevant constituents.
I humbly request for your approval. Thank you very much and more power.
Respectfully yours,
(SGD)MS JASIEL RASONABE
Researcher
Noted:
(SGD)HON. DOMINADOR AGAJAN
Municipal Mayor
Approved:
(SGD)HON. NILDA MONTAES
Barangay Captain

35

Appendix C
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
Direction: Kindly fill/check your choices from those given below in each item.
Part I: Residents and/or Local Government Officials Profile:
Name: ___________________________________ gender: ________ age:________
No. of years in residence: _____ No. of family members: _________
Educational Attainment:
Elementary level

[ ]

College level

[ ]

Secondary level

[ ]

Degree holder

[ ]

Socio-Economic Status:
Occupation: _____________________
Income bracket (average monthly income):
[ ] below P5,000
[ ] between P5,000 P10,000
[ ] between P10,000 P15,000
[ ] above P15,000
Role in the Community:
[ ] ordinary citizen
[ ] government employee
Part II: Profile of Solid Waste Management in Poblacion Almeria, Biliran:
Directions: This part is for the Local Government Officials Only. Please feel free to
fill/check the blanks that correspond to your perception in the Profile of Solid Waste
Management in Pobalcion Almeria, Biliran:
a.) Average
volume
of
solid
week:_______________________________
b.) Methods of disposal:
Waste disposed in vacant lots

waste

[ ]

disposed

per

36

Wastes disposed are burnt

[ ]

Wastes are buried in one place

[ ]

Wastes are disposed in the Municipality

[ ]

dumpsite.
Other methods, please specify:
1. _________________________________________
2. _________________________________________
3. _________________________________________
4. _________________________________________

Part III: Extent of Solid Waste Management of the Barangay Officials in Poblacion
Almeria, Biliran.
Direction: Please encircle the number that corresponds to your perception about the
solid waste management in Poblacion Almeria, Biliran using the following scale:
1 Very well managed
2 Well managed
3 Managed

4 Less managed
5 Not managed

Managerial Responsibilities
1. Availability of container/trash basins
in the household.
2. Segregation of solid waste generated
3. Information on the proper solid waste
Management of Poblacion Almeria, Biliran
4. Local Government of Almeria have the
Necessary equipment to maintain
the dumpsite.
5. Number of garbage collectors
6. Commitment of some personnel in the
implementation of the proper solid waste
management

Rating
1

37

7. Free-flowing of Canals during heavy rains

8. Drainage manholes cover

9. Personnel to enforce the antilittering ordinances

10. Residents along the river banks
disposal of garbage
11. Equipment and facilities for recycling
of solid wastes
12. Political support

Thank you for your generous time and cooperation. God Bless!!!

38

Appendix C
DOCUMENTATION

39

CURRICULUM VITAE

40

JASIEL CALIAO RASONABE

__________________________________________________________________
Capiahan, Naval, Biliran

Mobile No: 09107657630

Personal Information
Name

JASIEL CALIAO RASONABE

Date of Birth

December 08, 1993

Place of Birth

Brgy. Lucsoon, Naval, Biliran

Sex

Female

Civil Status

Single

Height

5.0

Weight

42 kilo

Father

Carlito L. Rasonabe

Mother

Maribel C. Rasonabe

Religion

Roman Catholic

41

Educational Background
Elementary

Capiahan Elem. School

Capiahan, Naval, Biliran
2005-2006

Secondary

Lucsoon National High School

Lucsoon, Naval, Biliran
2009-2010

Collegiate

Naval State University

Naval, Biliran