Professional Documents
Culture Documents
___________
A Thesis
Presented to the
College of Engineering
NAVAL STATE UNIVERSITY
Naval, Biliran
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In Partial Fulfilment
of the Requirements for
RES 513 (CE Research/Thesis)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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TITLE PAGE
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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LIST OF TABLES
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LIST OF FIGURES
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LIST OF APPENDICES
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CHAPTERI INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
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Conceptual framework
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II
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METHODOLOGY
Research Design
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Research Locale
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Research Subject
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Research Instrument
III
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IV
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Conclusions -------------------------------------------------------
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Recommendations ----------------------------------------------
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LITERATURE CITED
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APPENDICES
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CURRICULIM VITAE
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LIST OF TABLES
Table
1
Page
Physical Properties of Coconet
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
1
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix
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Communication Letter
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Assessment Sheet
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ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to assess the soil erosion prevention using
Coconet Reinforcement in Brgy. Sabang, Naval, Biliran.
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Chapter I
INTRODUCTION
matting was the most effective as it was dense and covered the total land surface.
The soil moisture depletion was less in mulched plots during the longest dry period
due to increased infiltration and less evaporation. Soil temperature was reduced by
4C when mulched with coconut fiber matting and the diurnal temperature variation
also decreased. The carbon nitrogen (C:N) ratio of coconut fiber matting was very
high when compared to a commonly used green manure species, showing its low
decomposition rate. The dry matter production and seed yield of soya bean was
significantly higher in mulched plots. With the long lasting characteristics combined
with biodegradability, these materials hold great potential for long term soil erosion
control (Mapa,2012).
In the Philippines, after a devastating landslide in Leyte, CocoTech (a
privately-held enterprise in the Philippines that produces geo-textiles from waste
coconut husks.) was hired by a private European organization to install coconets on
the hillsides and mountains whose collapse wiped out entire villages. In addition,
Cocotechs coco-peat products were used to help restore the farmlands that had all
but disappeared. Today, the mountains and hillsides are sprouting vegetations, and
farmlands are once again retuning to productive uses, albeit not as yet fully restored
to their original conditions. The most important thing is that land and soil have been
rejuvenated and will be in better condition than before the disaster (Ganchero &
Manapol, 2007)
In the study conducted by Bureau of Research and Standards (BRS) of
DPWH, results showed that the method of using Geonets (specifically, coconets) to
protect developing vegetation against water and wind erosion have proven to be
essential since it provides the soil surface with partial shading, moderation of soil
Unit weight
Water absorpton
Maintenance System
Definition of Terms
The terms used in this study will conceptually and operationally defined as
follows:
Within the transition zone the subordinate mode qualifies the performance of
the major by reducing it below the potential set by the given conditions. In neither
case can the action of one mode accelerate the activity of the other above the
potential asset, and to reach this level will require the elimination of the other mode
as an effective agent of erosion. In slope erosion we are concerned with a minimal
process of a type common to many fields of study, pedology (Liebig's law of the
minimum), chemical kinetics, and especially economic theory. In fact, by regarding
the agents of transportation as the creators of a demand for weathered material and
weathering as a means of supplying transportable material, denudation of the
landscape can be reduced to a problem of supply and demand (Culling, 2011)..
The rate of weathering depends upon a host of conditions so that its range of
variation is considerable, while the variation itself is liable to rapid, if not
discontinuous, change both spatially and temporally. This is in marked contrast to
the variables involved in the rate of material transport, especially where, as on soilcovered slopes, they may be regarded as continuous and of limited variation. If
denudation were merely a matter of transportation, a great deal of 230 the diversity
would be lost to the landscape. On the other hand, the existence of regular surfaced
landforms implies that transporting processes are able to assume a predominant
role. On surfaces of low relief and adequate rainfall, soil creep is the responsible
transport agent and supplies the dominant mode of denudation, with the result that
structure is masked by regularity of surface form. It is only when dissection
increases slope declivity, so increasing the effective demand of the transporting
agents up to the level of supply, which variations in rock resistance are able to
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Chapter II
METHODOLOGY
This chapter describes the design, methods, and procedures used in the
conduct of the research. It includes the descriptions of the research design,
research locale, data gathering procedures, and analysis of data gathered.
Research Design
This study utilized the descriptive-survey questionare design as the main
technique focusing on the assessment of soil erosion prevention using Coconet
Reinforcement at Brgy. Sabang, Naval, Biliran.
Research Locale
This study will be directed in the office of the DPWH-Biliran located at
Barangay Calumpang, Naval, Biliran Province.
Research Subject
The research subject in this study is the DWH personnel where all the data
were gathered.
Research Instrument
The data gathering instrument used for this research was the researchermade assessment sheet to serve as the basis in evaluating the Properties of
Coconet Used The evaluation used in the study was designed and made according
to the objectives of the study. However, adjustment and modification will be made
by the researcher in order to suit to the needs of the proposed research.
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Chapter III
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
proposed soil erosion prevention scheme for the soil erosion prevention.
Coconet
400
400 mm
400+20
40 Min
40 Min
Water Absorption
163 Min
Properties
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Problems Encountered
On July 20, 2014 the entire Province of Biliran where hit by the Typhoon
Henry that brought torrential rains cause severe flooding in the Municipality of
Almeria as well as the Municipality of Naval. The typhoon also causes major
landslide along the National Road of Biliran and one of those is the Coconet
Reinforcement in Brgy. Sabang, Naval, BIliran. (Bandila, ABS-CBN News, July 21,
2014)
According to BiliranIsland.com (July 21, 2014) the rain experienced in
Municipality of Almeria (where Brgy. Sabang is nearest to) raised up to 26.67mm
the highest rainfall level in the entire Province, thus the Coconet Reinforcement in
Brgy. Sabang didnt carry the torrential rain. The reinforcement broke down and
cause major landslide.
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Chapter IV
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDTATION
The study aimed to assess the soil erosion prevention using Coconet
Reinforcement in Brgy. Sabang, Naval, Biliran; determine the maintenance system
applied on the Coconet Reinforcement; propose a new soil erosion prevention
scheme for the soil erosion prevention in Brgy. Sabang, Naval, Biliran; and
ascertain the problems met related to the use of Coconet Reinforcement for soil
erosion prevention
Summary of Findings
1. The physical properties of the Coconet were thickness of the Coconet 400
mm; Unit Weight 1 g/m^2 is 400+20; number of twines in crosswise direction is 40
Min; number of twines in lengthwise direction is 40 Min; and Water Absorption is
163 Min.
2. There was no maintenance system applied to the reinforcement only that
they embedded the deeply rooted grasses specifically the vetiver grasses wherein
the roots can hold the soil much better than the usual.
3. The Coconet Reinforcement broke down last July 21, 2014 due torrential
rains brought by Typhoon Henry that cause major landslide in that area.
4. The DPWH BDEO go back to the use of Retaining Wall for it is finest
slope protection that could last up for years.
Conclusion
Based on the aforesaid findings of the study, the following conclusions were
drawn:
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Recommendations
Based on the findings and conclusion of the study, the researcher advances
the following recommendation:
1. To achieve the costeffective soil erosion prevention I can acclaim the use
of Retaining Wall, it has a strong foundation, strong materials and heavy-duty. And
if theres maintenance system applied on the Retaining Wall, we can realize the
picture-perfect soil erosion prevention scheme. Yes, it may be very expensive but
the effect is reasonable.
The use of Coconet Reinforcement is upright for it is Bio Engineering, its just that
not that long lasting not good for lifetime protection wherein it can only stay up to 24 years. The use of Coconet Reinforcement in Brgy. Sabang, Naval, Biliran was not
able to satisfy the soil erosion prevention wherein it broke down due to torrential
rain, yes it justify the lifespan because the Coconet has able to protect for three
years but not economical because
So to achieve the costeffective soil erosion prevention I can acclaim the use
of Retaining Wall, it has a strong foundation, strong materials and heavy-duty. And
if theres maintenance system applied on the Retaining Wall, we can realize the
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picture-perfect soil erosion prevention scheme. Yes, it may be very expensive but
the effect is reasonable!
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LITERATURES CITED
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APPENDICES
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Sir:
Greetings!
The undersigned a Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering student of Naval
State University is conducting a research entitled: Assessment of Soil Erosion
Prevention using Coconet Reinforcement in Brgy. Sabang, Naval, Biliran as one of
the requirements of our subject RES 513 (CE Research/Thesis)
In accord to this, I would like to ask from your good office the data
concerning the profile of the Coconet, the maintenance system applied, the
problems encountered of the Coconet and the new soil erosion prevention scheme
for the soil erosion prevention.
These data will give a huge contribution to make my study successful.
Thank you very much and God bless.
Sincerely yours,
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Instruction. Please feel free in answering the questionnaire. Your answer will be
highly appreciated. Please supply the needed data by filling up the
lines or by checking the space provided below.
I.
II.
__ No
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__ Annually
__ Semi- Annually
D. __ Others
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III.
IV.
Problems Encountered
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__________________________________________________________________
PERSONAL INFORMATION:
Sex
Age
Height
Weight
Date of Birth
Place of Birth
Civil Status
Nationality
Religion
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Male
20 years old
57
75 kilos
November 1, 1993
Biliran Provincial Hospital
Single
Filipino
Roman Catholic
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
College
High School
Elementary
MEMBERSHIP IN ORGANIZATION:
Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers
NSU, Naval, Biliran
NSU- Olds Cool Dancers
NSU-Cultural, Naval, Biliran
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