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HYDROLOGY (BFC 32002)

ASSIGMENT (GROUP)
To determine the design peak for flow generated from a minor drainage of medium density
residential area of 10 hectares in Kuala Lumpur. Assume 80 m of overland flow followed by 400
m of flow in an open drain. Catchment area average slope = 0.5%. The catchment is shown in
Figure 0.B1.

Catchment Area 10
ha

Main
Drain

Rive
r

Figure 0.B1

Catchment Area

Table 0.0

Design Storm ARIs for Urban Stormwater Systems

Type of Development

Average Recurrence Interval (ARI) of Design


Storm (year)
Quantity

(See Note 1)
Minor
System

Major System
(see Note 2 and
3)

up to 100

Low density

up to 100

Medium density

up to 100

10

up to 100

Commercial, Business and Industrial


Other than CBD

up to 100

Commercial, Business, Industrial in


Central Business District (CBD) areas of
Large Cities

10

up to 100

Open Space, Parks and Agricultural


Land in urban areas

Quality

3 month ARI
(for all types
of
development)

Residential:

High density

Notes:

(1) If a development falls under two categories then the higher of the applicable storm
ARIs from the Table shall be adopted.
(2) The required size of trunk drains within the major drainage system, varies.
According to current practices the trunk drains are provided for the areas larger
than 40 ha. Proceeding downstream in the drainage system, a point may be
reached where it becomes necessary to increase the size of the trunk drain in order
to limit the magnitude of gap flows as described in Section 0.0.0.
(3) Ideally, the selection of design storm ARI should also be on the basis of economic
efficiency. In practice, however, economic efficiency is typically replaced by the
concept of the level of protection. In the case where the design storm for higher ARI
would be impractical, then the selection of appropriate ARI should be adjusted to
optimise the ratio cost to benefit or social factors. Consequently lower ARI should
be adopted for the major system, with consultation and approval from Local
Authority. However, the consequences of the higher ARI shall be investigated and
made known. Even though the stormwater system for the existing developed
condition shall be designed for a lower ARI storm, the land should be reserved for
higher ARI, so that the system can be upgraded when the area is built up in the
future.
(4) Habitable floor levels of buildings shall be above the 100 year ARI flood level.

(4) In calculating the discharge from the design storm, allowance shall be made for any
reduction in discharge due to quantity control (detention or retention) measures
installed as described in Section 0.0.

Design Chart 0.0

Nomograph for Estimating Overland Sheet Flow Times (Source: AR&R, 1977)
(Overland Sheet Flow Times - Shallow Sheet Flow Only)

1.0

0.9

2
0.8

0.7
4

Runof Coefficient,
C

0.6

0.5

0.4
7

0.3
8

0.2

0.1

Impervious Roofs, Concrete


City Areas Full and Solidly Built Up

Surface Clay, Poor Paving, Sandstone Rock


Commercial & Cit y Areas Closely Built Up

Semi Detached Houses on Bare Earth

Bare Earth, Earth with Sandstone Outcrops


Urban Residential Fully Built Up with Limited Gardens

Bare Loam, Suburban Residential with Gardens

Widely Detached Houses on Ordinary Loam


Suburban Fully Built Upon Sand Strata

Park Lawns and Meadows

Cultivated Fields with Good Growth


Sand Strata

0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Rainfall Intensity,

Design Chart 0.0

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

I (mm/hr)

Runof Coefficients for Urban Catchments


Source: AR&R, 1977

Note: For I > 200 mm/hr, interpolate linearly to C = 0.9 at I = 400 mm/hr

Table 0.0

Values of Areal Reduction Factors (FA)

Catchment
Area
(km2)
0
10
50
100
150
200

Storm Duration (hours)


0.5
1.00
1.00
0.82
0.73
0.67
0.63

1
1.00
1.00
0.88
0.82
0.78
0.75

3
1.00
1.00
0.94
0.91
0.89
0.87

6
1.00
1.00
0.96
0.94
0.92
0.90

24
1.00
1.00
0.97
0.96
0.95
0.93

FORMULA:

a) The design rainfall is calculated with Equation:

I c FA I p
where FA is the areal reduction factor, Ic is the average rainfall over the catchment, and Ip
is the point rainfall intensity.

b) The design rainfall depth Pd for a short duration d (minutes) is given by,

Pd P30 FD (P60 P30)


where P30, P60 are the 30-minute and 60-minute duration rainfall depths respectively,
obtained from the published design curves. FD is the adjustment factor for storm
duration.

Note:

1 meter = 3.2808 feets


ANSWER:
Minor system design ARI = 5 years.
Major system design ARI = 100 years.
For paved structure, to = 8 minutes
Assume V = 1.0 m/s
Td = L/V
Td = 400/1.0
Td = 400 sec (6.7 minutes)
Total tc = 8+6.7
Total tc = 14.7 minutes
For ARI of 5 years, t= 30 minutes
ln (I) = 5.1086 + 0.5037ln(30) 0.2155[ln(30)]2+0.0112[ln(30)]3
ln (I) = 4.7698
5

I30 = 117.9mm/hr

I60 = 75.7mm/hr

P30 = 117.9/2 = 58.95mm

P60 = 75.7/1 = 75.7mm

P15 = 58.95-0.8(75.7-58.95)
P15 = 45.6mm

I15 =182.2mm/hr

Hence, C=0.84
Q = (0.84x182x10)/360
Q = 4.25 m3/s

UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA


86400, PARIT RAJA, BATU PAHAT,
JOHOR DARUL TAKZIM

HYDROLOGY
BFC32002
EN.ZULKIFLI BIN AHMAD
SECTION 2

NAME
MOHD.KHAIRIL AMRI BIN KAMARUZAMAN
MUHAMMAD FIRDAUS BIN MD YASIN
MUHAMAD AIMAN BIN ABD RASHID
ASMAHANI BINTI BARJOK
NOORATIQAH BINTI MOHD ZIN
NORFATIHIN BINTI NOORLISAM

MATRIC NUMBER
AF120162
AF120036
AF120101
AF120086
AF120119
AF120145

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