Diseo de

Intercambiadores de Calor

Double tube heat exchangers

Double tube heat exchangers

Shell and tube

heat exchangers

DISEO TRMICO
(OPERACIONAL)

Decisiones de diseo
Tipo de Intercambiador
Tubos concntricos (o double-pipe)
Areas menores a 100 200 ft2
Tubos y coraza
Areas en el rango 200 8000 (12000) ft2
Ubicacin de los fluidos

Tomado de: Seider, W.; Seader, J.; Lewin, D.; Widagdo, S. Product and Process Design Principles: Synthesis, Analysis and
Design, 3a ed. Wiley

Where no phase change occurs, the following factors will determine the allocation of the
fluid streams to the shell or tubes.
Corrosion. The more corrosive fluid should be allocated to the tube-side. This will reduce
the cost of expensive alloy or clad components.
Fouling. The fluid that has the greatest tendency to foul the heat-transfer surfaces
should be placed in the tubes. This will give better control over the design fluid velocity,
and the higher allowable velocity in the tubes will reduce fouling. Also, the tubes will be
easier to clean.
Fluid temperatures. If the temperatures are high enough to require the use of special
alloys placing the higher temperature fluid in the tubes will reduce the overall cost. At
moderate temperatures, placing the hotter fluid in the tubes will reduce the shell surface
temperatures, and hence the need for lagging to reduce heat loss, or for safety reasons.
Operating pressures. The higher pressure stream should be allocated to the tube-side.
High-pressure tubes will be cheaper than a high-pressure shell.
Pressure drop. For the same pressure drop, higher heat-transfer coefficients will be
obtained on the tube-side than the shell-side, and fluid with the lowest allowable pressure
drop should be allocated to the tube-side.
Viscosity. Generally, a higher heat-transfer coefficient will be obtained by allocating the
more viscous material to the shell-side, providing the flow is turbulent. The critical
Reynolds number for turbulent flow in the shell is in the region of 200. If turbulent flow
cannot be achieved in the shell it is better to place the fluid in the tubes, as the tube-side
heat-transfer coefficient can be predicted with more certainty.
Stream flow-rates. Allocating the fluids with the lowest flow-rate to the shell-side will
normally give the most economical design.
Coulson and Richardsons Chemical Engineering

Decisiones de diseo
Seleccin de fluido de servicio
Refrigerantes
Agua
Industriales
Medios de calentamiento
Vapor de agua a 215 a 230 F
Vapor de proceso hasta 200 psig
Dowtherm o aceite trmico

Decisiones de diseo
Seleccin de fluidos de servicio
Tomado de: Seider, W.; Seader, J.; Lewin, D.; Widagdo, S. Product and Process Design Principles: Synthesis, Analysis and
Design, 3a ed. Wiley

Decisiones de diseo
Approach mnimo

Decisiones de diseo
Approach mnimo

Tomado de: Seider, W.; Seader, J.; Lewin, D.; Widagdo, S. Product and Process Design Principles: Synthesis, Analysis and
Design, 3a ed. Wiley

Decisiones de diseo
Intercambiadores de calor en serie y en paralelo
Longitud efectiva
Separacin de placas deflectoras
Dimensiones de los tubos

Tomado de: Seider, W.; Seader, J.; Lewin, D.; Widagdo, S. Product and Process Design Principles: Synthesis, Analysis and
Design, 3a ed. Wiley

Clculo y diseo de un intercambiador de calor

Condiciones del proceso
Fluido caliente: T1, T2, W, C, S, , k, Rd, P
Fluido fro: t1, t2, w, c, s, , k, Rd, P

Balance de energa
Qreq = WC(T1-T2) = wc(t1-t2)

Dimensiones y disposicin de los tubos

Dimetro y longitud
Nmero de tubos
Con Ao, calcule y aproxime al valor ms cercano
Recalcular A,
A, con el nmero de tubos

Diferencia de temperatura
t = LMTD

Calcular Uc
Con ho y hio

Suponga UD
Tabla 8 del Kern (es
mejor alto)
Calcule Ao = Q/(UDt)

Calcular UD
Con UC y Rd requerido
Calcular Q
Qcal = AUDt

Elegir tipo de intercambiador

Fin clculo hidralico

Calcular A
A= Qreq/(UDt)

Fin clculo trmico

Qcal Qreq
Pcal > Preq
Calcular
cada de presin

Clculo y diseo de un
intercambiador de calor

Clculo de la temperatura representativa para evaluar

las propiedades de los fluidos (temperatura calrica)

(U h U c )
KC =
Uc
T1

T2
T c = T 2 t 2

T h = T 1 t 1

t1

Lado caliente
Uh
ho, hio

h io h o
h io + h o

t2

Lado fro
Uc
ho, hio

h io h o
Uc=
h io + h o

Algunos casos particulares

Condensacin por fuera de tubos horizontales

Algunos casos particulares

Condensacin por dentro de los tubos horizontales

Algunos casos particulares

Flujo de dos fases dentro de tubos

Algunos casos particulares

Evaporacin dentro de tubos verticales

Algunos casos particulares

Evaporacin por fuera de tubos horizontales

Design Considerations for Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers:

http://www.cheresources.com/designexzz.shtml
http://www.thermopedia.com/content/1121/

Mechanical design of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers:

http://www.hcheattransfer.com/tips.html
http://www.thermopedia.com/content/946/

On-line Heat Exchanger Sizing:

http://www.freecalc.com/hxfram.htm

DISEO MECNICO

Partes de un intercambiador de
calor de tubos y coraza

Normas TEMA
Tipo de Intercambiador

Tipo de intercambiador

Normas TEMA

Hoja de especificaciones

Normas TEMA

Hoja de especificaciones

Normas TEMA

Algunas referencias
Tapias et al. Mtodos y algoritmos de diseo en
ingeniera qumica.
Kern. Process heat transfer.
Ludwig, E. Applied Process Design for Chemical
Petrochemical Plants. 4th ed.
Brannan. Rules of Thumb for Chemical Engineers. 4th
ed.
Normas TEMA.
Cao. Heat Transfer in Process Engineering.
Faccini. Ejecucin de proyectos de ingeniera.