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= ! +
However,
as
useful
as
this
method
may
be
in
solving
many
temperature
gradient
problems,
we
are
unable
to
solve
a
more
complex
variety
of
problems.
These
more
complex
problems
include
a
varying
surface
area
in
which
the
heat
flow
is
allowed
to
transfer
through:
You
should
be
able
to
tell
that
the
differential
equation
is
unable
to
incorporate
for
this
change
in
surface
area
in
calculating
the
temperature
gradient
for
there
is
no
area
term
in
the
differential
equation.
And
as
small
as
this
may
be,
the
changing
area
changes
the
what
the
temperature
gradient
is.
Not
to
mention,
although
a
bit
more
tedious
to
perform,
the
control
volume
method
is
able
to
solve
problems
that
the
differential
temperature
gradient
can.
The
Method:
In
essence,
the
control
volume
method
is
a
simple
energy
balance
equation
where:
= !" !"# + !"#"$%&'(# !"##
(Control
volume
equation)
1.
qin,
qout
refer
to
the
heat
flow
or
the
heat
entering
or
leaving
a
specific
volume
either
through
conduction,
convection
or
radiation
in
a
given
time.
The
units
are
watts
or
joules
per
second.
2.
The
qgneration
and
qloss
refer
to
the
heat
energy
being
created
within
the
specific
volume
specified.
This
can
be
found
either
by
the
amount
of
energy
a
chemical
reaction
releases
or
by
the
amount
of
energy
a
chemical
reaction
needs
to
proceed
forward.
3.
The
energy
accumulation
term
refers
to
the
amount
of
energy
accumulated
in
the
specific
region
in
the
given
amount
of
time.
This
can
vary
from
problem
to
problem,
but
an
example
would
be:
!"
!" !
!"
!" !!!
Where,
k
is
the
thermal
conductivity
constant
for
the
material,
A
is
the
area,
and
h
is
the
thermal
convection
constant
for
the
surrounding
fluid.
Substituting
this
into
our
control
volume
equation
we
get:
0 = !!!"#$! !"#$%
!!!"#$! !"#$%
2!"#$% !" !"! (!"# )
!
!!!
Using
algebra
to
rearrange
this,
we
can
simplify
the
equation
to:
!!!"#$! !"#$%
!!!"#$! !"#$%
= 2!"#$% !" !"# (!"# )
!
!!!
We
then
rewrite
the
Area
of
each
respective
part
by
saying
that:
1. Athrough
metal
=
thickness
of
the
metal
*
width
of
the
metal
2. Ametal
air
=
width
of
the
metal
*delta
z
Doing
that,
we
can
simplify
the
above
equation
to:
( )
( )
= 2 (!"# )
!
!!!
We
can
then
divide
everything
by
delta
z
and
width
and
use
algebra
to
rearrange
the
equation
to
look
like:
()
!!!
!
= 2(!"# )
By
taking
the
limit
as
z
goes
to
0,
we
get:
!
() ! = 2(!"# )
To
solve
the
rest
of
the
problem
we
would
simply
use
normal
ODE
techniques.