Professional Documents
Culture Documents
3,043,338
A. H. HANSON
DOUBLE ACTION HYDRAULIC CYLINDER
Filed June 8, 1961
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INVENTOR.
ALFRED H.HANSON
BY
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ATTORNEYSv
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3,043,338
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rubber U cup closures arranged back to back result in 55 a ?rst clearance space and the surface of the ram and
undue friction due to lack of lubrication. Furthermore,
the wall of the second larger chamber de?ne the periph
such U cups have a tendency to freeze up on the shaft
eral walls of a second clearance space. A ?exible seal
when allowed to remain for a period of time and are torn
ing member, such as a cup washer, is attached to the
apartby subsequent shaft movement.
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end of the ram or piston travelling within-the smaller
It has been suggested to employ a cylinder and cup 60 chamber. This sealing'member or cup washerthas its
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umes. The dimensions of the two chambers and the ram 20 ?rst, generally annular, clearance space. The term gen
are proportioned such that when the ram is moved
erally annular is employed to describe the shape of the
within the hollow body, thereby moving the sealing mem
clearance spaces which can vary from the form of a true
ber and the fold of the diaphragm, the rate of change of
annulus due to the variations of the ram surface. The
rate at which the ram is moved since the diaphragm is 45 ance space between the casing and the ram or piston.
The total volume enclosed between the circular sealing
folded back on itself. Therefore, as the ram is moved in
member and the fold of the annular diaphragm can then
one direction, the distance between the sealing member
be described as including a ?rst generally annular volume
and the fold of the diaphragm will decrease and as the
within the cylinder between the sealing member and the
ram is moved in the other direction, the distance between
the sealing member and the fold of the diaphragm will 50 end of the cylinder to which the diaphragm is attached
and a second generally annular volume within the casing
increase. Obviously then, if the cross-sectional area be
between the end of the cylinder just mentioned and the
tween the ram and the chambers of the hollow body is
fold of the annular diaphragm. The dimensions of the
constant, the volume contained between the sealing mem
cylinder, the casing and the ram are proportioned to each
ber and the fold of the diaphragm will Vary substantially
as the ram is moved. Therefore, in accordance with my 55 other such that as the ram, together with the sealing
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nected at one end thereof to clasp 46 and at "the other 60 hydraulic cylinder 16 and the rfold of inverted tube 26.
end thereof to friction tab 50 positioned about operating
In order to accomplish this it is necessary that the diameter
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casing 34':
It is with these relations that the particular dimensions
ram 16 is, moved to the right beyond the end of cylinder 25 in?uenced excessively by head pressure. Therefore, se
10 the additional volume transferred from within the
lection of a hydraulic cylinder having a diameter of about
cylinder 10 to within the casing 34- is removed from within
1.5 inches provides a unit in which the piezometric head
the cylinder 10 at the same rate it is added to within the
can be o?fset by a light spring tension of about 8 to
casing 34. Thus, such variations in the diameter or effec
10 pounds. Under normal operating conditions the ?uid
tive diameter of the ram 16 do nothing more than add a
pressure within the hydraulic cylinder would not exceed
constant to the previously established critical relationship
about 10 to 15 psi. However, the materials selected for
of sizes. Similarly, if the variation in ram size were an
fabricating an apparatus in accordance with my invention
increase rather than a decrease, the effect would be the
must also be of sufficient strength to withstand transient
same and need not be considered in establishing the critical
loads of at least about 100 psi. since it is quite possible
relationship of sizes.
35 to apply such pressures When rapidly accelerating or
Referring now to FIGURE 5 one method of employ
clutching against system inertia.
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ing devices inraccordance with my invention is shown.
Positive pressure containment and development is pro
Thus, for example, a control device located at a remote
duced by the inverted tube fold in the known and ac
operating station, not shown, can be connected to an op
cepted manner. Maximum working pressure can be con;
erating rod 124 which in turn is connected to a ram 116. 40 trolled by the thickness of the tube Wall and tensile strength
The ram 116 is provided with a cup washer 118 at one
draulic cylinder 110., The outer end'of inverted tube 126 45 control is a function of the cup washer and does not
is sealingly attached between hydrauliecylinder 11d} and
in?uence the inverted tube. The cup washer ?anges are
hollow casing 134. A ?uid line interconnects the in
constantly biased or distended against the cylinder wall
terior of hydraulic cylinder 110 with the interior of hy
by light pressure normally needed to separate the walls
draulic cylinder 210. Similarly, hydraulic cylinder 210
of the inverted tube, e.g. 1/2 to 2 p.s.i.' depending on the
is also provided with a ram 216, cup. washer 218, inverted 50 thickness and nature of the inverted tube.
tube 226 and hollow casing 234. A second operating rod
While the preceding discussion has been directed main
224 is shown connected to ram 216. The other end of
ly to marine installations, particularly small boats, it will
operating rod 224 is connected to a mechanical device
be understood that an apparatus in accordance with my
which is to be moved, Thus, if the control mechanism
invention can readily be employed in any ?eld requiring
is moved at the remote operating station, operating ram 55 the control of motions remotely. Thus, my invention can
124 is moved, for example, to the right in FIGURE 5.
easily be adapted for use in the automotive and aircraft
Due to the application of positive pressure ,on the hy
industries as well as other ?elds such as the movement
draulic system communicated from hydraulic cylinder 110
of camera booms and ?re ?ghting turrets. In addition,
through line 154 to hydraulic cylinder 210, the ram 216
the cylinder of my invention can be employed for any
along with operating rod 224 is moved to the right. Due 60 of the usual applications where hermetic scaling is ad
to the relative sizes of the various members, as explained
and inverted tubes thus permitting the application of a 70 washer can be a commercially available type composed
of a material such as leather; Both the hydraulic cylinder
resultant collapsing of the inverted tubes 126 and 226.
and the hollow casing can be fabricated from any ma
It can beseen then that an apparatus in accordance
terial supplying suf?cient strength and rapidity such as a
with my invention has the inherent advantage of being
metal and certain plastics. The ram or piston can also be
operable through any reasonable distance between con 75 made from metal or plastic, The ?uid employed in the
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hydraulic system can be any one of the incompressible
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Also, the viscous ?uid can be used to coat the 25 ance space, a ?exible, circular sealing member attached
to the end of said ram and having its periphery nor
can be charged with the viscous ?uid thereby e?ecting the 40 space, said annular diaphragm having extending between
said peripheral edges thereof a single annular fold travel
coating. If desired, the charged viscous ?uid can be
ling within said second generally annular clearance space,
drained from the trapped volume a?ter coating or it can
said annular diaphragm permitting axial movement of
be retained in the trapped volumes as mentioned above
said rarn within said cylinder and within said casing, said
and utilized in this manner.
45 ?exible, circular sealing member and said annular dia
I claim:
phragm de?ning therebetween a i?rst generally annular
1. A hermetically sealed double raction hydraulic unit
volume in said ?rst clearance space within said cylinder
comprising a hollow body having means de?ning a ?rst
and a second generally annular volume in said second
chamber within said body at one end thereof and means
clearance space within said casing, said flexible circular
de?ning a second larger chamber within said body at the
other end thereof in communication with the ?rst smaller 50 sealing member being movable under hydraulic pressure
to admit ?uid to said volumes, said ?exible circular seal
chamber, a ram Within said body extending in spaced
ing member being biased to return to its normal position
apart relationship with said ?rst and said second chambers
thereby
preventing the removal of ?uid from said vol
and axially movable Within said ?rst and second chambers,
umes, said cylinder, said casing and said ram dimensioned
the surface of said ram and said ?rst chamber wall de
in proportion to each other so that when said ram is
?ning the peripheral walls of a ?rst clearance space, the
moved within said cylinder and said casing, thereby mov
surface of said ram and said second chamber wall de
ing said circular sealing member and said annular fold
?ning the peripheral walls of a second clearance space, a
of said diaphragm, the rate of change of said ?rst gen
?exible sealing member attached to the end of said ram
erally annular volume is equal to the rate of change of
and having its periphery normally in sliding, sealing con
tact with said ?rst chamber wall, and an annular, ?exible 60 said second annular volume; whereby the total of said
?rst and said second generally annular volumes is main
diaphragm in sealed coaxial attachment at its outerpe
tained constant.
ripheral edge to said hollow body intermediate said ?rst
4. The apparatus of claim 3 in which an operating
and second chambers and in sealed coaxial attachment
rod
extends coaxially from the end of said ram remote
at its inner peripheral edge to said ram, and having ex
from the end of the cylinder with means for communicat
tending between said edges a single annular fold travelling
ing with the hydraulic system and wherein said ram is
within said second clearance space, said annular dia
biased toward this end of the cylinder with a force suf?
phragm permitting axial movement of said ram- within
cient to o?'set the force exerted by the piezometric head
said body, said ?exible sealing member and said annular
of said hydraulic system.
diaphragm de?ning therebetween a ?rst volume and a
second volume within said ?rst and second clearance 70 5. The apparatus of claim 3 in which said ram has a
cylindrical surface of constant diameter and in which the
spaces, respectively, said ?exible sealing member being
cross-sectional area of said ?rst volume is equal to one
movable under hydraulic pressure to admit ?uid to said
half the cross-sectional area of said second volume.
volumes, said ?exible sealing member being biased to re
6. The apparatus of claim 1 in which the volumes
turn to its normal position thereby preventing theremoval
of ?uid from said volumes, said ?rst and said second clear 75 between the ?exible sealing member and annular dia
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phragm are charged with a viscous ?uid insoluble in the
fluid of a hydraulic system communiw?ng with the
smaller chamber.
prises water,
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prises water.
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8. The apparatus of claim 3 in which the volumes between the ?exible sealing member and annular diaphragm
are charged with a viscous ?uid insoluble in the ?uid of
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