Volume

Working procedure
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1. PURPOSE
The present WP aims the execution of welded mesh reinforcement for
beams, columns, plates, frames etc. in terms of quality assurance,
compliance with technological steps, the working mode and records
regarding confirmation and quality assurance of elements executed.
2. FIELD OF APPLICATION
2.1. Plane welded mesh is used as reinforcement for flat or curved
concrete resistance elements (floor slabs, walls, tanks, pools,
frames)
2.2. Welded mesh is used as reinforcement for the slab finishing cast
in, screeds, floorings.
3. DEFINITIONS
Notion
Beton
Armatu
re

Definition
Plain concrete, reinforced or prestressed concrete is one of the
main construction materials of the resistant structures
All steel bars placed in the concrete in order to take over tension
efforts in working with this

4. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
SR
ISO
7438/1993
STAS 438/1 1989
STAS 438/2 1991
STAS 438/3 1989
Legea 10-1995

Metal tests. Bending tests

Steel products for concrete reinforcement. Hot rolled
reinforcing steel. Grades and technical quality conditions
Steel products for concrete reinforcement. Round
wiredrawing wire
Steel products for concrete reinforcement. Welded mesh
Law on Quality in Construction

5. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROCEDURE

5.1. Prerequisites

Quality Assurance Manual

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Working procedure
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CONSTUCTION ELEMENTS
WITH WELDED MESH

taking

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Welded mesh are planar reinforcing housings made of reinforcing

steel bars (OB37or PC52 si PC60) arranged in two perpendicular
directions and welded at the intersection.
Welded mesh shall be used mainly to reinforce flat or curved
surface elements such as plates for floor slabs, walls, retaining
walls, etc. After meshes installation, it is verified:
- Quality nets that show no rust, dirt, grease and shall be
cleaned;
- Will check and receive casings in which the nets are installed
;
- Removal or replacement of nets will be made only in cases
where the nets will show one of the following defects;
- Degradations or deformations exceeding the limits allowed
by STAS 438/3-80;
- Edges where the seamless nodes of the last cross bars are in
total more than 5% of the total number of nodes of each;
- Idem, in which there are more than two seamless adjacent
nodes ;
- Ensuring proper position during concrete placement of nets,
and thus, the concrete layer thicknesses provided in the
project being respected.
To this end, spacers shall be provided in adequate number,
into
account
the position, diameter and the distance between them.
Plastic spacers shall be provided but, by exception, the welded
mesh of the upper superior side of the horizontally casted
elements are allowed steel and concrete spacers.
In apparent concrete where spacers made of concrete steel are
provided, corrosion protection for the bearing points on the
formwork will be provided. In the splicing areas, nets will be
bound together at the corners with wire; when lengths on which
the nets are splinced are larger than 4m, besides the bounded
connections at the corners, an intermediate connection will be
provided.
Attention will be given to the composition of technologies of
preparation and placing of concrete, for the joint corresponding
work with nets bars. In front of the plates holes, the net holes will

Quality Assurance Manual

Department of Construction

Volume

Working procedure
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CONSTUCTION ELEMENTS
WITH WELDED MESH

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start discontinuing, and at the holes edges on the top and bottom
sides, additional reinforcement of PC52 si PC60 will be provided,
and will be fixed through welding or through bending by tying with
wire the plate bars.
The technical execution project will include:
- all the quotas regarding the mounting positions of
reinforcement nets, the directions and rows of reinforcement
on which the longitudinal and transversal bars are to be
located, the widths of overlapping between nets, the position
of potential isolated bars and reinforcement nets toward the
provided nets; in case of plates, the project will contain
details regarding the nets position at the upper side
compared to the bearings, the minimal distances with which
the nets at the lower side outweigh the lower bearing edges,
and in case of reinforcement with overlay mesh, their
succession in relation to the thickness of the element;
- the limit of the deviations restrictions admitted to fitting
welded nets will be specified;
- will be provided full welded nets (to remove additional
cutting operations) whose dimensions are equal to the
manufacturing ones;
- will be provided details of obtaining dimensions smaller than
manufacturing ones and how to use the resulting wastes.
There will be treated differently the reinforcement plates resting
on walls, beams or belts, vertical bearing and non-bearing walls,
beams reinforced with stirrups made of foundations welded nets.
5.1.1.
The base materials used to build the welded nets are:
- Welded nets for reinforced concrete (STAS 438/3 89) are
made of STNB, or reinforcing steel OB37, PC52, PC60.
Machine made welded nets are made of drawn wire bars
arranged in perpendicular directions the intersection points
(nodes) being welded through pressure and electrical
resistance.
It is presented as panels (flat welded mesh,) and rolls. Welded
nets in the form of panels are made of form bars of a maximum
diameter of 10mm, and those presented as rolls, of the
maximum diameter 4.5mm (longitudinal bars).

Quality Assurance Manual

Department of Construction

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Working procedure
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CONSTUCTION ELEMENTS
WITH WELDED MESH

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Spacers are used to ensure the position of welded nets at the

project rates and concrete coating realization.
Spacers can be of:
- Of plastic;
Of cement mortar or asbestos cement.
Welded nets can be made in fittings workshops or factories of
precasts or building units and are respected the following
indications:
- Will be provided a minimum number of types of welded
meshes;
- Crossbars to be perpendicular to the longitudinal bars;
- Distances between longitudinal bars, respectively between
crossbars, to be a multiple of 50mm.
In case of nets manufacturing at welding machines with
many electrodes, there must be kept constantly a diameter
and the distance between the crossbars and the diameter of
the longitudinal bars.
5.1.2.
For executing the works, the following are necessary:
- securing execution of documents;
- Checking the quality of the land mapping ;
- Checking weather conditions of temperature and humidity;
- Training of personnel in execution;
- Provision of tools and devices necessary to accomplish the
work;
- Connections of energy, water and other utilities;
- Compaction works;
- Existing quality records for installation fittings and embedded
parts according to the execution plans.
5.1.3.
Quality and verification terms of materials.
Quality control of welded mesh reinforcement works is made to
establish the correspondence between the way of execution of
the project and the provisions of the project or technical
regulations in force. To do this one must first check the quality of
supplied materials thus:
- Declaring the existence of the certificate of quality;
- Examining data from the quality certificate
If the data does not correspond a checking must be done which
includes visual examination where the welded nodes must not

Quality Assurance Manual

Department of Construction

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Working procedure
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CONSTUCTION ELEMENTS
WITH WELDED MESH

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have pores, dents, cracks or dark areas and the seamless nodes
to have a maximum of 3% of the total number of nodes.
It is admitted a thin layer of rust, provided that after the removal,
reducing the section of wire deviation not to exceed the limit in
the following table according to the STAS 438/3-89:
Diameter of wire [mm]
The deviation limit [mm]
3 5.6
0.1
6 - 10
0.15
Dimensional verification is made 3% of the batch items (1lot =
20t), but less than 3 items and includes:
- Checking the deviation from flatness;
- Checking the geometric dimensions
Geometrical
Maximum allowable deviations
dimensions
[mm]
Length of net
+20
Length of net
+10
Meshes
+5
Flatness treatments
+10
-

Interpenetration of bars of welded joints which is made to 5

joints from the first and last net from group with the calliper;
- Verification at hammering is done with a hammer of 0.5 kg
over 20% of the connections of a net;
- Checking the shock by dropping.
Specific consumption of manpower comprises (hours) required:
- The manufacturing of welded nets, in case they are made in
reinforcements workshops;
- Welded mesh mounting;
Making welded nets is executed in centralized workshops or site
workshops. In general the consumption of labour are 2 to 3 times
higher at mounting than at manufacturing.
Mounting welded nets includes:
- assembly in the workshop or directly in the formwork;
- Transport and handling at the mounting location;
- Installing nets in formwork.
Machines and tools used to perform welded nets in case of their
production in the fittings workshops, are:

Quality Assurance Manual

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Working procedure
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- welding through points machine ;

- Welding pliers, manual cutting pliers ;
- Butt welding machine;
- Bending machine;
- Net cutting scissors , roulette, calliper, graduated meter.
5.1.4.
Preparing the work
Factors responsible at the works of fittings and welded mesh are
as follows (according to the specifications of Law 10/1995): Site
chief, head of the lot, the foreman and the worker who performs
the work.
Production workshops are held on the project, according to the
following items:
- The total amount of welded meshes;
- The time to be executed;
- Maximum daily production;
- The type of the welded nets;
- Working conditions.
In the workshops, the technological process runs on the principle
of the chain method with the mechanization of operations.
The machined welded nets are delivered by the direct
manufacturer in packages made up in the same type and fitted
with handling ties. Welded nets can be handled in the horizontal
or vertical position using compensation devices with cables and
hanging hooks. Storage is done by the same rules as if
reinforcing steel bars, per types of nets in order to be easily
identified.
In the case of confined spaces nets can be stored standing by
abutting to the wall or on the goats by single or double
supporting.
There can be performed organizational works, specific to
commissioning the work of such welded nets:
- Sizing and placement of barracks for tools and equipment;
- Checking the location of the vertically positioned lifting
means;
- Providing access paths of vehicles;
- Arranging at the location of the platform for the storage of the
welded nets.
Ensuring the necessary resources for the execution:

Quality Assurance Manual

Department of Construction

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- Labour force;
- Materials;
- Machinery and means of transport.
Before the mounting of welded nets there must be provided a
quality reception of works previously performed:
- Checking the nets;
- Fitting the formwork;
- Concreting of construction elements that must be executed
prior to the correct fulfilling of the interruption method of
concrete;
- Verification of positioning the spacers;
- Correct position of the already cast element left whiskers.
5.1.5.
Completion of works. The technological phases are:
5.1.5.1. Making welded nets that are run in centralized workshops or
site workshops.
5.1.5.2. Mounting the welded nets includes:
- Assembling in the workshop or directly in formwork;
- Transport and handling at the mounting location;
- Installing nets in the formwork.
Preparing for installation performs certain operations aimed at
time passing for reinforcing and getting a higher quality as:
- - Qualitative and dimensional checking of the net;
- remedying of defects found (weak knots);
- Proper processing by cutting, additional bars binding;
Mounting the reinforcement is made in two situations:
- to the ground by subsequent introduction of the
formwork, on the nearby platform is achieved the
reinforcement (top, bottom, spacers) after which with
the aid of a framework device, it is taken with a crane
and fit in the framework The method allows the
realisation of the formwork and the reinforcement in
parallel.
- the formwork direct mounting of a net after a net, that
requires marking with a chalk of the net positions in
formwork. Labour productivity is lower but the error
possibility is limited.
Welded nets anchored on the supports are mounted by
cutting the last transversal bar and placing the extensions of

Quality Assurance Manual

Department of Construction

Volume

Working procedure
REINFORCEMENT OF
CONSTUCTION ELEMENTS
WITH WELDED MESH

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the longitudinal bars between callipers of the supports

(Annex A, Figure 1); regardless of how mounting is done, it is
necessary to:
- maintain the nets position during concreting and
ensuring the thickness of concrete cover;
- the execution by passing hook-ups;
- the last two marginal bars on each side edge of the
nets must not have more than 5 seamless knots (from
the total number of nodes of the bar) and in no case two
adjacent or seamless bars.
Placing of nets is done in a sequence in which previously
mounted nets must not impede mounting of the next nets.
Admitted deviations regarding the project levels at fitting of
welded nets must not exceed the values shown in the table
below (annex A, fig.2).
5.1.6.
Storing will be specially arranged and marked on the dry,
horizontal places, and not directly on the ground so as not to get
dirty or corroded. The arrangement of nets will be done in
horizontal stacks and in vertical stacks only in special cases.
5.1.7.
Transportation and handling will be done with the proper
equipment and devices to prevent deformation and degradation.
5.1.8.
Executive staff should be trained to use the working
devices, auxiliary materials and special working conditions.
5.1.9.
When executing the works of reinforced concrete elements
with welded mesh "The republican norms of labour protection",
"Norms of labour protection in the in construction and assembly
work" and "General rules for fire protection in the design and
construction of structures and facilities.
6. RESPONSIBILITIES
6.1. Site Chief
Has to ensure the execution documentation, materials, SDV s
necessary for the work.
6.2. Head of site
Responsible for correct performing the operations, the
corresponding application of the technical documentation
provisions and the present procedure in manufacturing.

Quality Assurance Manual

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Volume

Working procedure
REINFORCEMENT OF
CONSTUCTION ELEMENTS
WITH WELDED MESH

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6.3. Executive staf

Responsible for correct performing the operations, the
corresponding application of the technical documentation
provisions and the present procedure in manufacturing.
6.4. Control of the workplace
Performs the preventive, permanent control, attests, certifies and
is responsible for the correct execution of the work.

7. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
7.1. Admitted deviation when installing the of welded nets
Index
Of
M Deviatio
Name of deviation
deviatio
U
n value
n
Deviations from the position of bars
anchorage on net supports the in
relation to the point from which the
A
length of the anchor is determined:
m
+2.5; -5
_ Precast elements
m
+2.5;
- Monolithic elements
m
-12.5
m
Deviations at a distance between the
edge of prefabricated elements and the
B
perpendicular ends of bars on the m
+5; -2.5
respective border
m
C
Deviations at the nets marginal bars

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WITH WELDED MESH

position (except supports)

- the plates
- the massive constructions

Deviations at the passing lengths

The bars diameter +2 d hook-ups nets
the limit deviations of the thickness of
the concrete coating
- foundations
- walls and boards over 10 cm thick
- walls and plates of 10 cm thickness
ind.

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m
m
m
m

+20
+30

m
m
m
m
m
m

+8
+3
+2

7.2. Nets positioning and fixing

Welded nets positioning is done by placing in the element of
construction in the location indicated by the project.
For keeping the correct position without moving in the formwork,
the following are respected:
- Minimum 3 spacers at 1 sq.m wall or board;
- At least one spacer at 1m on each side of the beam or
column;
- Fixing profile reinforcements by welding or bonding with wire,
ensuring the maintenance of correct posture throughout the
casting.
7.3. Control and quality
At the end of mounting each welded mesh in each construction
element where concrete is to be poured, it is performed a check
on the quality of this work that cannot be controlled after.
The checking is done by the beneficiary (site supervisor) and
executive (head of lot) and should cover all aspects of the work,
and namely:
- Welded mesh type;
- Devices for keeping reinforcements in position during
concreting (goats, spacers);

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Way of ensuring the thickness of concrete cover meshes;

Position of fixing mode and dimensions of embedded parts;

7.4. The reception works

After checking the quality of the works the preparation of the
minutes for the quality reception of works that are hidden is done.
Remedying the damages or higher than the permissible deviations
will be made only with the written consent of the beneficiary and
the designer and a new quality reception record will be produced.
It is strictly forbidden to be executed works that encompass or
hide defects of resistant structures or involve their access or
correct repairs.
8. REPORTS AND REGISTRATIONS
The quality control plan of executed works developed by the planner
and the quality plan developed by the manufacturer shall be
respected.
9. FORMULATION
- Minutes for the quality reception
- Certificate of quality for steel

Quality Assurance Manual

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