ROAD TRAFFIC

Road traffic is the traffic that goes on the road . Participants in road transport to move around
on foot, riding animals , and with the help of various vehicles . Road traffic is regulated by
traffic rules to be respected by all road users. The basic rules of road transport were adopted in
1968 . at the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic . All states have adopted this convention,
and among its signatories deviations occur.
ORGANIZATION
In many parts of the world , the traffic is, in general, organized. That means the loop, traffic
signals and signs at intersections to facilitate traffic flow. The traffic can participate, motor
vehicles, not self-propelled vehicles (bicycles) and pedestrians. Traffic signals is possible
coordination with other modes of transport.
Organized traffic dramatically reducing travel time. Although vehicles waiting at
intersections, time savings is huge. Organized traffic can pass in the disorganized state of the
occurrence of an event, whether it comes to roadworks, an accident, or an obstacle, such as
the animal that gets in the way, the ruins and the like. The busy highways disruption can take
as long as traffic is not thinned. longer be studying this interference, calling them "traffic
waves".
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
TYPES OF ROADS
Roads are the maximum speed and other factors are divided into: highways , roads reserved
for motor traffic , roads and other unpaved roads.
Highways are the kinds of roads that are adapted to perform them faster and safer
transportation. Have two or more traffic lanes , and lanes are physically separated from each
other, so no danger of vehicles from adjacent directions. In addition, on both sides of the road
there is a stopping lane for emergency vehicle stop. Intersections with other roads and
railways were performed below or above the level of the highway. There are no pedestrian
crossings, but pedestrians must use the underground or overhead pedestrian crossing . On
parts of the highway where there is a risk of utravanja wild and domestic animals, shall be
protective fencing. Maximum speed varies from state to state. The most common is the speed
limited to 120 km / h.
Roads reserved for motor vehicles can have the same elements as the highway, but it is not
mandatory. They are being built with wider streets. On the highways and roads reserved for
motor vehicles is prohibited to drive tractors , machinery, bicycles , carts and other similar
vehicles.
Dirt roads are built without roads August. Under these include roads and roads that have
natural stone or sandy surface.
TRAFFIC SIGNS
Traffic signs are used to provide participants in road traffic make clear the dangers and
limitations that exist in the way, and provide the necessary information for the sake of faster
and more regular traffic. Road users are required to strictly adhere to restrictions, prohibitions
and obligations.
Traffic signs are part of:
danger signs

signs of explicit orders

signs posted
light traffic signs
Pavement markings
lighting and other road markings.

OVERTAKING
Under the overpass is considered a passing vehicle beside another vehicle moving in the same
direction, while bypassing a passing vehicle beside a stopped or parked vehicle or other
property which is situated on the traffic bar that the vehicle is moving.
On roads with two or more lanes, there are "fast" and "slow" lane. In most countries consider
the fast lane inside lane, while in the UK faster lane outside. For example, in the country
drives on the right, the left lane fast lane, while the slower right. Overtaking is still allowed on
the left, sometimes on the right side (in the event that we can safely claim that a vehicle
overtaking on the right has a tendency to turn left). Usually the driver is expected to drive
slow lane unless you overtake, but is often used by both bands if the traffic is heavy.
DIRECTION
Traffic moving in different directions should be separated so as not to obstruct the movement
of the vehicle from the opposite direction . The basic question that arises here is that the side
of the road used for movement. In some more complicated cases, like those in all large cities ,
this concept is profound: some streets are marked as one-way and all vehicles that use them
must move in one direction. The driver, who wants to return to a place which is a business,
must be used to return other streets. The existence of one-way streets, despite the
inconveniences brought by a number of individual drivers of passenger cars, can significantly
improve traffic flow by enabling faster movement of vehicles and aims to simplify
intersections . Drivers who do not know the city of one-way streets can be a problem. Lately
the situation much easier computer programs which act peculiar and folders that have
umemorisane the DC street
TAPES
When the street is wide enough to be able to allow more movement of the vehicle, side by
side, it is normal to divide into more traffic lanes, ie. parallel transport corridors . There is a
difference between the pavement and the traffic lanes. The two-way street with two lanes,
each of which may have one or more lanes. Some of the state to build roads onie concrete
walls to clearly separate the two lanes. In other countries, however, the bands are not marked,
so they are sticking to the drivers gained experience in driving.
On roads with multiple lanes, drivers can prestrojavati their own free will, but they must do so
as not to endanger other road users. Driving behavior is different from country to country. In
some countries, the driver will persist in his intention to drive some traffic lanes, while in
others expect of other vehicles that are often being transformed in front of and behind him.
SPEED LIMIT
The higher the speed of the vehicle, the harder it is to avoid a collision and the damage is
greater if a crash occurs. Because many countries of the world limit the maximum speed on
the roads in their teritotiji. Vehicles should not be allowed to drive a speed greater than
allowed.

In order to force the drivers to respect speed limits were introduced two modes of control. The
first is that the police are patrolling the roads and use special devices (normal radar ) to
measure the speed of vehicles and stop all that he catches himself does not respect the speed
limit. Another way is to have computerized systems mernje speeds that are placed throughout
the city, which automatically detect violators and photograph the license plate, which is then
used to send fines.
The system developed in Germany 's green wave , that shows the optimal speed to be always
passed on the green traffic light on the way. Higher or lower speed than that causes the driver
to frequently stop at a red light.
THE RIGHT OF PRIORITY
Vehicles often come into conflict of interest when they find each other on the road, that is.
when they intended to cross the lines. The main rule governing this problem is called the right
of way . What determines which driver has the right to use the piece for the first time, and
who must wait.
Different countries have different rules governing right of way, but it is common practice to
one of the paths (usually smaller road) has a label that makes clear that we should give
priority passage of other vehicles. It can be a stop sign or turn the triangle, dashed lines drawn
on the road or some other device. A driver who moves through a stop sign shall stop at the
intersection, which comes on after it is made sure that no vehicle is using to turn on. In some
cases, at the entrance to the intersection, lined the pedestrian crossing, which means that the
driver must first missed pedestrians before proceeding further.
The issue of priority of passage can be resolved by applying the so-called. rules right ( fr.
priorit-a-droit). This rule, in effect, says that the right of way has a vehicle that is coming
from the right. This rule is ambiguous, but it has application in the so-called. T intersection,
where, surprisingly, vehicles moving right, the T segment that is on top, she must miss
vehicles coming from the direction of the vertical arm of the T.
In modern cities, traffic at busy intersections regulated by light signals . Application of this
solution is based on the idea that the traffic on each road should be given time to a fraction of
an organized crossed the intersection. What time interval will be assigned to each route,
depends solely on the volume and intensity of traffic on it.
PEDESTRIAN CROSSING
Pedestrians must often cross from one side of the street to the other and thus get in the way
vehicles are on the road. In many places pedestrians must take care to cross the road when
there is traffic that might endanger them. For more busy places are usually located pedestrian
crossings , which means a route on the road to places where pedestrians are expected to cross.
The appearance of a crossing may significantly differ from place to place, but it seems the two
most common are red and white parallel lines or two long horizontal white lines. The first is
the usual way of marking, as evident on a dark background.
Some pedestrian crossings often follow the traffic lights , cars that stop at regular intervals so
that pedestrians can pass. In some states there are intelligent traffic lights, where the
pedestrian must push-to najavaio his intention to cross the street. Scoreboard will use this
information to schedule a traffic stop, and if there are no pedestrians who want to cross the
street, stopping traffic signal will be meaningless.
Pedestrian crossings without traffic lights are also common. In this case, traffic regulations
allow a pedestrian to cross at a pedestrian crossing, a vehicle must be stopped.
Some jurisdictions forbid crossing the road anywhere other than a crossing. In some other
countries, pedestrians have the right to cross the street, where they want and have a higher
right of the vehicle while crossing.

In most countries, it is considered to have a pedestrian crossing the intersection, even if they
are not painted until the roads luck approximately at right angles. An example of one of the
countries in which this rule does not apply is the United Kingdom .
INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is a system composed of hardware , software and the
people who handle them, which allows for better monitoring and control of traffic in order to
optimize traffic flow. Number of driven kilometers , in one year, continues to grow dizzy, and
the length of roads constructed simply can not catch up with this trend. That leads us to major
traffic jams. As one of the cheapest solutions in terms of optimizing traffic, ITS brings
together a number of technologies that aim to reduce traffic jams by monitoring traffic flows
through video cameras and sensors . Thanks to the feedback information , the traffic is
diverted by giving notice via text message or radio waves.
Modern technology can help increase driver safety and transport efficiency. One of this
system allows the Driver Assistance, which relies on sensors that track what surrounds a
vehicle, helping to adverse conditions, registering other road users (based on the heat
generated by the pedestrian crossing broadcasts, giving the sign of the driver), help crowd,
automatic parking, the automatic warning of risk of collision, and there is a possibility of the
automatic control of the car and driver in case you lose control of your vehicle.
There is also an intelligent system that motira the vehicle, consisting of a camera mounted
next to the car mirrors, computers on board and extra cameras to observe the drivers.
Continuous time is displayed, follow the images, identifying marks and can download
commands, if, for example, detects the speed limit sign that the driver did not comply.
Exchange of information between the car would provide unique IT networks on the roads,
which would be based on the wireless LAN (802.11a/b/g standards) and IP protocol version 6
(Internet Protocol version 6), in which each vehicle is outsourced functions of the transmitter
and receivers , routers and locators . Communication would be provided at a distance of
several hundred meters, and established to ad hoc, as soon as they come within a certain
distance, in order to facilitate traffic flow, reduce congestion, prevent hazards and to prevent
at least some neostaci and traffic problems.
NOISE
Urban planning must take into account the level of noise generated by certain types of
transport (road, rail, air). In France , for example, all the roads have been divided according to
the level of noise in five categories . This must be taken into account in determining the
criteria of sound insulation to be met by buildings near the road.
CONCLUSION
The driver has to move his vehicle to use solely for road or driveway or lane or path for traffic
to those types of vehicles which belong to his vehicle, except in an emergency.The person
driving the vehicle - the driver, is required to abide by the rules'' of the traffic safety'' and''
Code'' good driver.