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INTERVIEW
e,
Sean de Cleen
sident
senior vice pre
ational
for yara Intern
NICHE MARKETS
Venturing beyond
certification
DAIRy pRoDUCTS
Local milk
a hot item
LABOUR CONDITIONS
Ongoing
projects
N162
FEBRUARY-MARCH 2013
Informed Analysis
Expert Opinions
http://agritrade.cta.int
agritrade
TABLE OF CONTENTS
NICHE MARKETS
Venturing
beyond
certification
Africas brave
new world
COVER STORY 12
INTERVIEW
LABoUR CoNDITIoNS
Ongoing
projects
13
4
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
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DOSSIER
Cover story
News
Crops
Fisheries and livestock
Environment
Research
Business and trade
Interview
13 | DOSSIER
Labour conditions: ongoing projects
Health and safety in the agricultural sector, an ongoing challenge.
17 | Viewpoint
Tometo Kalhoul: good legislation and ratification
Legislative progress in French-speaking Africa to protect farm workers.
18 | Field report
Mali: agricultural work - beware!
Smallholder cotton farmers in Sikasso region are seriously concerned.
20 | Sector
Dairy products: local milk a hot item
21 | Publications
25 | Get on board with CTA
is the bi-monthly magazine of the Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA). CTA
operates under the Cotonou Agreement between the countries of the Africa, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP)
group and the European union and is financed by the Eu. Postbus 380 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands Tel: +31
317 467 100 Fax: +31 317 460 067 Email: cta@cta.int Website: www.cta.int PuBLISHER: Michael Hailu EDITORIAL BOARD:
Thierry Doudet, Stphane Gambier, Anne Legroscollard, Isolina Boto, Vincent Fautrel, Jos Filipe Fonseca, Krishan Bheenick
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Editoriale S.p.A., Via Marco dAgrate 43, 20139 Milano, Italy Editor of English version: Susanna Thorp (WRENmedia Ltd)
Fressingfield, Eye, Suffolk, IP21 5SA, UK Editor of Portuguese version: Ana Gloria Lucas, Rua Aura Abranches 10, 1500-067
Lisboa, Portugal CORRESPONDENTS: The following contributed to this issue: M Aka Aka (Cte dIvoire), O Alawode (Nigeria),
B Bafana (Zimbabwe), K Bescombe (Trinidad and Tobago), T P Cox (USA), S. Diarra (Mali), C Docherty (Barbados), W Gibbings
(Trinidad and Tobago), G. Kamadi (Kenya), J. Karuga (Kenya), O Kiishweko (Tanzania), M A Konte (Senegal), P Luganda
(Uganda), C Nforgang (Cameroon), C Njeru (Kenya), J Ojwang (Kenya), F Pereira (Guinea-Bissau), P Pink (Jamaica), P Sawa
(Kenya), S Rantrua (France), F Tafunai (Samoa), A Twahirwa (Rwanda) and M Waruru (Kenya) OTHER CONTRIBuTORS: N
Brynaert, S Federici, ISO Translation & Publishing, D Juchault, D Manley, F Mantione, C Pusceddu, Tradcatts, G Zati LAYOuT:
Lai-momo, Italy DESIGN: Intactile DESIGN, France PRINTER: Pure Impression, France CTA 2013 ISSN 1011-0054
Editorial
Investing in
agriculture
Who is the largest investor in agriculture in developing
countries?
According to FAOs
report, The State of
Food & Agriculture
2012, farmers themselves are by far
the largest investors, putting in as much as
four times more than governments and 50
times more than foreign development assistance. These investments include equipment,
irrigation canals, tree planting and farm
houses. Studies have shown that investing
in agriculture offers one of the best means
of reducing poverty and hunger. However,
many governments fail to allocate adequate
budgets to their agricultural sector despite
commitments made through initiatives such
as the Comprehensive African Agricultural
Development Programme.
The report calls for a significant increase
in the amount and the quality of investment
and argues that farmers must be central to
any strategy aimed at increasing the quantity
and quality of investment in agriculture. A
conducive investment climate - including
legal, policy and institutional environment
- as well as market incentives are key in
spurring investment by farmers and other
private investors. The report touches on the
sensitive issue of large-scale investments in
agriculture, especially by foreign companies,
and notes that while such investment can
offer opportunities for capital inflows,
technology transfer and earnings, it can
displace local land users and have negative
environmental impacts. Contracts that
offer positive outcomes for local people,
governments and private investors can be
negotiated to overcome these problems.
Finally, the report calls on governments
and donors to help smallholder farmers
overcome
severe
constraints
through
more secure property rights, better rural
infrastructure, risk insurance and stronger
producer organisations.
Michael Hailu
Director - CTA
COVER STORY
NICHE MARKETS
Venturing beyond
certification
Certification programmes such as fair trade and organic have allowed
small producers to step out of bulk commodity export markets and
into higher value niches in the last two decades. But as these markets
too are filling up, with increased competition from developing
countries, ACP producers are faced with having to carve out niches
of their own - and there are no simple criteria for success.
on processing, branding, unique qualities, or exotic origins, all catering to a wider range of tastes and cultural
connections.
Drying coconut
gratings for coconut
oil production,
Samoa
COVER STORY
building its own brand around the sugar grown on the
island. This includes the Plantation Traditional line, which
can be found in stores across the Caribbean and the UK, and
the premium quality, amber-coloured Plantation Reserve,
sold in top-end supermarkets. Branding commodities is a
special challenge, says Chris Docherty, Wistco chairman and
managing director of Windward Strategic, which helps others build brands around sustainable supply chains. Making
an eye-catching brand out of something as simple as sugar
wasnt easy, quick or cheap, but Wistco discovered that the
expertise they needed is also going global. We used a local
designer for our packaging, a UK public relations agency
to launch publicity, and we contracted website design in
continental Europe, Docherty says. Profitable by its fourth
year, the company now brings Barbadoss sugar industry
more than US$1 million (774,000) in income above the
world price every year.
Another approach is promoting local products and
varieties to diaspora populations living in the developed
world. Many Caribbean nations export products such as
yuca (cassava), and chilli sauce to customers who have
settled in the United States and elsewhere. But this model
is not always easy to follow. In 2009, the government of
Nasarawa State, Nigeria, started an attempt to export
yams to Britain. While unknown in British supermarkets,
yams are a huge part of Nigerian diets, and Nasawara State
is famous for its crop. The export brand Pepa Yam was
launched in Britain to national publicity. But the costs of
export proved too high, and the state firm abandoned the
project after the first season. A new coordinated attempt if it can overcome export costs, create a recognised brand,
and pass on a greater share of the price to farmers - could
create a durable conduit of trade between Nigerians at
home and abroad.
ore
To find out m
IIED
www.windwardstrategic.com
Address by the High Commissioner of Nigeria on the
introduction of Pepa Yam from Nasawara State to the
UK, 2009
http://tinyurl.com/ao87hed
CTA
NEWS
JAMAICA
M DeFreese/CIMMYT
FOOD SECURITY
Heartening prospects
The agricultural and food prospects in the Sahel and West Africa
are generally good according to FAO and WFP. Initial estimates
indicate that cereal production in these regions should be
around 57-64 million tonnes in 2012/13, a 5-17% increase in
comparison to the previous season. In southern Africa, a prolonged dry spell led to a
slump in cereal production in 2012, particularly in Lesotho. In East Africa, however, the
overall food security situation began improving following strong crop harvests and the
onset of heavy rainfall.
POLICY
Fdration Nununa
Reducing climate
vulnerability
PRIZE
INSURANCE
Crop losses
Since 12 October 2012, 20,000 Rwandan
farmers have been eligible for a low-cost
insurance to make up for losses incurred
when extreme climatic conditions are
recorded at the eight weather stations set
up for this purpose in the southern and
western provinces of the country. Maize
and bean crop farmers will be the first
beneficiaries of this scheme.
JIS
Nununa, a social
enterprise model
Hurricane havoc
in Caribbean
G Kamadi
AGROECOLOGY
A triple win
CROPS
TECHNOLOGY
RICE
CIRAD/P Grard
INSURANCE
CASHEW NUTS
A priceless SMS
The SIM-Anacarde cashew nut market
information system was founded in Cte
dIvoire in 2009 to simultaneously inform
all stakeholders in the cashew nut sector
and foster transparency. This European
Commission and Fondation de France
funded project is coordinated by the NGO
RONGEAD and the African Institute for
Economic and Social Development. The
Institute pools information on local, national
and international cashew prices. Business
risk management advice is then sent via
SMS to Ivorian cashew nut farmers (price
changes, lack of partners, non-compliance
with contracts, etc.) so that prices can be
adjusted in the five cashew cropping areas
in northern Cte dIvoire. Two hundred and
sixty-nine farmers relay the information to
8,500 cashew nut farmers targeted by the
project. SIM-Anacarde has succeeded in
boosting selling prices by 4% and farmers
income by 2.4%, while reducing their poverty level by 6.3%, according to the Cotton
and Cashew Nut Regulation Authority in
Cte dIvoire and the beneficiaries of the
project. This has laid the groundwork for
the development of a cashew nut market,
with Cte dIvoire being the worlds leading
exporter.
Safer investments
BREEDING
Drought-tolerant maize
Zimbabwean farmers have harvested the
first crop of SIRDAMAIZE 113, a new hybrid
released by the Scientific and Industrial
Research and Development Centre. The
new variety is resistant to several key
diseases, including maize streak virus and
grey leaf spot, takes only 136 days to
mature, and provides reasonable yields even
during drought conditions.
DISEASE
IFAD/R Chalasani
RONGEAD
IFAD/S Beccio
An interactive tool
to protect rice
DIVERSITY
ILRI/S Mann
BREEDING
CERTIFICATION
CATTLE
Genetic potential
BIOTECHNOLOGIES
R Enslin
WRENmedia
WorldFish/S Stacey
Improved tilapia
ENVIRONMENT
PESTICIDES
TECHNOLOGY
Tanzania cleans up
BIODIVERSITY
SOIL FERTILITY
An exhausting business
An innovative technology, dubbed BioAgtive, which converts harmful tractor
exhaust emissions to fertiliser, is being
trialled in Tanzania. According to Canadian
innovator Gary Lewis, Bio-Agtive boosts
soil carbon and nitrogen by injecting
cooled gases through the seed tines into
the soil air spaces. Over 170 farmers are
currently using the technology worldwide.
GENETIC RESOURCES
O Kiishweko
World Agroforestry
EVERGREEN AGRICULTURE
Fertiliser-making trees
New protected
areas
Biodiversity protection areas in GuineaBissau will increase from 15% to 25% of the
countrys land surface in 2014 on completion of the new generation protected areas
project, which has been under implementation for the last 18 months by IBAP, the
Institute of Biodiversity Protected Areas. The
project aims to create two parks in the interior of the country, Dulombi-Bo, with three
corridors connecting them to the six existing
parks in coastal areas. The new parks will
preserve forest areas rich in wildlife, particularly the forests along the Corubal, the largest freshwater river in the country. GuineaBissau is one of the countries in the world
with the highest percentage of its territory
devoted to biodiversity reserves.
In Mozambique, the Government has
approved the establishment of an environmental protection zone around the Primeiras
and Segundas islands in the north, which will
become Africas largest marine reserve. The
area, which covers 1 million ha and extends
along 250km of the Nampula and Zambzia
coastal provinces, is rich in biodiversity: coral
reefs, seagrass meadows, green turtle nesting
beaches and mangroves. Its inhabitants, who
are predominantly artisan fisherfolk, called
for the conservation of resources threatened
by industrial fishing and illegal tourism. The
Governments decision is the culmination of
eight years of work by WWF.
Park Dulombi-Bo, a new protected
area in Guinea-Bissau
F Pereira
RESEARCH
ICT
Sharing information
DISEASE
BIOFORTIFICATION
AFLATOXIN
An experimental biological control initiative has been underway since 2010 in the
groundnut cropping region of Senegal to
quash the problem of aflatoxin contamination of groundnut oil. The results have just
been published, revealing a 90% decrease
in aflatoxin contamination of groundnuts in
fields and storage areas. For Ablaye Ndiaye
who heads the seed and legislation division
of the Senegalese Crop Protection Service,
this result was obtained using a scientific
method named Aflasafe SN01, whereby a
nontoxic fungus was introduced to compete
with a virulent strain that produces more aflatoxin, thus reducing the level of this contaminant in groundnuts in the field. Aflatoxin
- which is highly carcinogenic to humans
and animals - is a mycotoxin produced by
fungi growing on groundnuts stored in a hot
humid atmosphere. Following these results,
a workshop was held in Dakar in November
2012, which gave rise to an aflatoxin biocontrol extension initiative in Senegal and the
Sahel. The aim is to ensure that groundnuts
produced in the Sahelian region comply
with the maximum aflatoxin level of 2-3 mg
per groundnut, as required under current
European food safety standards.
Vitamin A-rich
cassava
HarvestPlus
Biocontrol - the
wager has paid off
MALNUTRITION
STRIGA
10
IITA
G Kamadi
Labelled Penja
pepper
MARKETS
Access to credit
C Nforgang
PROCESSING
Certifying cashew
To improve the competitiveness of
Africas cashew industry, the African Cashew
Alliance (ACA) has introduced the ACA
Quality and Sustainability Seal. The Seal
is an industry-accepted mark that demonstrates compliance with internationally
recognised quality, food safety, social and
labour standards. Since the programme
began in 2012, Tolaro Global of Benin and
Mim Cashew of Ghana have been awarded
the Seal. The ACA Seal has brought us up
a whole new level, says Jace Rabe, CEO of
Tolaro Global. Weve only been processing
cashew for a few months now and we can
compete with anybody.
At the seventh ACA Annual Conference in
Cotonou, Benin, Jeffery Read, of the US Food
and Drug Administration (FDA) emphasised
that third party certifications are increasingly important for determining food safety.
We believe the ACA Seal provides a great
opportunity to meet the requirements of
the FDA law, says Dan Phipps of Red River
Foods in the US. Buyers are supporting the
Seals value - theyve been asking for it for
a long time, explains Jim Giles, ACA Seal
Team Advisor.
FOOD SECURITY
Promoting cassava
O Alawode
ONIONS
Boosting production
Jamaicas Agri Investment Corporation is
partnering with 60 growers to establish
agro-parks, a collection of individually
owned farms dedicated to the production
of one crop. The first onion park aims to
boost production and enable locally grown
onions to compete on the import dominated
market. The growers have a target of
producing onions worth 2 million by 2014.
PEPPER
Increasing exports
In So Tom and Prncipe, organic pepper
production - which is all exported to
France - exceeded 20 tonnes in 2012,
doubling figures for 2011. The Pepper
Production Cooperative has invested in
organic production as a means of combating
poverty in a project involving 26 farming
communities. Cooperative president,
Antnio Pinto, said that given the small
size of the country and corresponding levels
of production, emphasis on quality was
essential.
11
interview
SEAN DE CLEENE
Yara
Africas brave
new world
12
dossier
From large farms to small plots, working conditions, even for children,
are often harsh and dangerous - accidents, health problems related
to the misuse of pesticides, environmental pollution. Improvements
will require increased ratification of International Labour Organization
conventions, stricter legal frameworks, and implementation of policies
and programmes to ensure adequate protection for agricultural workers.
LABOUR CONDITIONS
Ongoing projects
17 | VIEWPOINT
Tometo Kalhoul:
Good legislation and ratification
13
DOSSIER
14
A child
ploughing
a field in
Burkina Faso
R Faidutti
DOSSIER
15
DOSSIER
registered pesticides in five target countries is planned
in the region, with technical assistance from the Australian
Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority. In Africa,
the quantity of stockpiled obsolete pesticides is estimated
at 50,000 tonnes according to FAO, which participates in
the Africa Stockpiles Programme that was launched in
2005. Apart from the disposal of pesticide stocks, prevention is also essential. Locust outbreaks in Africa require
large-scale control measures as well as efforts to avoid
stockpiling of obsolete pesticides following locust control
campaigns and to reduce the environmental impact.
The health, safety and environmental hazards faced
by farmers in ACP countries are compounded by a lack
of information and protective equipment. These farmers
are also facing new dangers due to the increasing use of
chemicals that are sometimes very toxic. Users often do
not have access to information on the dangers associated
with the use of such products, or on precautionary measures to be taken during their use and proper dosages.
Indispensable ratifications
construction and maintenance of agricultural facilities.
Fifteen countries have currently ratified this Convention,
including Burkina Faso, Fiji, Ghana and So Tom and
Prncipe.
Much remains to be done to improve working conditions in the agricultural sector, internationally with the
ratification of ILO conventions on this issue, and nationally through the adoption of suitable legal frameworks
and policies.
At the country level, ILO and FAO are collaborating to
establish links in the fields of social protection and
FAO/Y Chiba
16
dossier
An Ethiopian
farmer,
carrying 50 kg
of firewood
to sell at a
local market
Key figures
250 000
260
Viewpoint
Tometo Kalhoul is an occupational
health and safety specialist for the
International Labour Organizations
(ILO) Decent Work Technical Support
Team for West Africa.
ILO
safety and occupational health. In its outreach programme, especially through farmer field schools, FAO is
increasingly focusing interventions on matters related to
occupational health and safety.
ILOs technical cooperation activities concerning health
and safety in agriculture are focused on promoting voluntary, participatory and action-oriented activities to improve
agricultural working conditions and methods in Member
States. A training module entitled Work Improvement in
Neighbourhood Development has been developed and promoted by ILO. This programme is designed to promote
specific improvements in agricultural households through
family initiatives and is being implemented in Africa, Asia
and Latin America.
17
DOSSIER
FIELD REpoRT FRoM
MALI
Agricultural
work - beware!
Sikasso, in southern Mali, is one of the countrys most prosperous
agricultural regions, producing 95% of the countrys cotton. Smallholders
are, however, worried because working conditions threaten their health
and safety, and that of their children.
S Diarra
18
Below:
Villagers from
Sokola preparing
cotton balls (left)
and loading
onto containers
(centre) to be
delivered to
the Compagnie
malienne de
dveloppement
du textile (CMDT)
Right:
Cotton flower
dossier
Agriculture is the main source of income for inhabitants
in the Sikasso region. A report published by the Malian
Ministry of Agriculture in 2011 on child labour in agriculture indicated that Sikasso is the main upland crop region,
accounting for 37% of the millet and sorghum, 63% of the
maize, 13% of the groundnut and over 95% of the cotton
produced in the country. According to the same report,
17% of those interviewed declared that they had fallen ill
or been injured at least once over the last 12 months.
Farmers and their children also contract diseases as a
result of field pesticide treatments in the cotton production zone. The Ministry of Agriculture report goes on to
say: The link between the working conditions and these
injuries and diseases was noted by 43% of the children
interviewed, while 57% explained them by malaria,
humidity and various infections that affect all categories
of the population.
In Mali, however, farmers like Ali Diarra from Sokola
are trained by the Compagnie malienne de dveloppement
du textile (CMDT) to increase the awareness of villagers on
ways to protect themselves from chemical products that
are absorbed via skin pores. Every year, extension services
such as the Office du Niger conduct awareness campaigns
via the local media on the dangers of handling chemical
products. These campaigns can be very effective when the
national authorities obtain the support of international
organisations. As part of an FAO programme on integrated
management of crop production and pests in West Africa,
one survey carried out in 65 cotton planters villages in
Mali - that had been the focus of awareness campaigns
in 2007-2008 - highlighted a 94% reduction in the use of
chemical pesticides. There is still hope for the village of
Sokola, even regarding the childrens situation.
Soumaila T. Diarra
re
o
To find out m
FAO
IER
Nestl
ILO
D Bigand
S Diarra
19
Sector
Dairy products
20
ILRI/D Elsworth
Dairy bar
Imported milk has become
in Kenya,
much more expensive than
a national
local milk in Kenya since the
model for the
country raised the tariff by
development
of the local
60% in 2005. Although such
dairy industry
State intervention has been
effective in Kenya where
there is a well structured dairy sector, the situation differs in many other countries. Kenya
has been backing the development of the sector since the 1950s, while supporting rural
livestock farming. The State had the means to
apply its policies and was able to raise import
taxes on milk powder because high volumes
of local milk were available for collection,
claims Guillaume Duteurtre, a researcher
with CIRAD, the French agricultural research
for development institute. The debate on
customs tariffs should not mask the real challenges to the development of the dairy sector
today. They concern initiatives necessary for
developing local production of milk collected
from peri-urban farmers and agro-pastoralists
in rural areas, continued Duteurtre. The customs tariffs issue is crucial, but unfortunately
it would not be feasible in the short run to
replace powdered milk by local milk.
PUBLICATIONS
How to write
Scientic Writing for
Agricultural Research
Scientists: A Training
Resource Manual
Edited by A youdeowei, p
Stapleton & R obubo
CTA, 2012; 192 pp.
ISBN 978-92-9081-506-8
CTA no. 1700
20 credit points
Practical Handbook
for Managing Cassava Diseases,
Pests and Nutritional Disorders
By E lvarez et al.
CIAT/CLAyUCA/CTA, 2012; 120 pp.
ISBN 978-95-8694-113-6
CTA no. 1713
5 credit points
Green economies
Sustainability
By J Haskins
CTA, 2012; 4 pp.
CTA no. PB008E
By C pye-Smith
CTA, 2012; 4 pp.
CTA no. PB009E
Funding
To help determine future agricultural
policy and research directions, this
paper synthesises knowledge on the
impact of public investments in and
for agriculture in developing countries.
The paper highlights, for example, the
potential for agricultural investments
to have significant effects on health
and nutrition, with biofortification
programmes shown to be particularly
cost-effective.
The Impacts of Public Investment in and for
Agriculture
By T Mogues et al.
IFpRI, 2012; 72 pp.
Downloadable as pDF file from:
http://tinyurl.com/bko5e8b
21
PUBLICATIONS
Seasonality
Cutting edge
By p R Gildemacher
KIT publishers, 2012; 184 pp.
ISBN 978-94-6022-211-5
25
Downloadable as pDF file
from: http://tinyurl.com/
bgpeayg
KIT publishers
postbus 95001
1090 HA Amsterdam
The Netherlands
www.kitpublishers.nl
Hunger
With almost 870 million people, or one
in eight, chronically undernourished in
2010-2012, the number of hungry people
in the world remains unacceptably high;
the vast majority about 850 million
- live in developing countries. The UN
hunger report reveals that progress
in reducing hunger has slowed since
the 2007-2008 economic crisis, but
that agricultural growth is particularly
effective in reducing hunger and
malnutrition.
22
Innovation in Seed
Potato Systems in East
Africa
By R Thurow
public Affairs, 2012; 304 pp.
ISBN 978-16-1039-067-5
US$26.99 21
public Affairs
1094 Flex Drive
Jackson, TN 38301
USA
www.publicaffairsbooks.com
Forestry
By R Leakey
CABI, 2012; 200 pp.
ISBN: 978-17-8064-098-3
27.50 34
CABI publishing
Nosworthy Way
Wallingford
oX10 8DE, UK
www.cabi.org
Biodiversity
Many of the worlds poorest people
depend on resources they gather from
highly diverse ecosystems. This paper
examines how interventions to improve
the livelihoods of forest users can also
conserve biodiversity. With case studies
from Burkina Faso, Mali and Uganda,
the paper argues for a landscape
approach, where livelihoods are
improved through restoring the
functionality of forest landscapes.
Improving Ecosystem Functionality and
Livelihood
By E Barrow, R Fisher & J Gordon
IUCN, 2012; 20 pp.
ISBN 978-28-3171-496-7
Downloadable as pDF file from:
http://tinyurl.com/b6kv52z
PUBLICATIONS
Expert opinion
What is the Matter with
African Agriculture?
Veterans Visions Between
Past and Future
Edited by H Mutsaers & p
Kleene
KIT, 2012; 384 pp.
ISBN: 978-94-6022-178-1
24.50
For KITs address, see p22
Biofuel
Green revolution
Land rush
The Global Farms Race:
Land Grab, Agricultural
Investment, and the
Scramble for Food
Security
Six decades after the technological innovations of the Green Revolution, hunger
remains a daily reality for a billion people. With an increasing population, climate
change, rising food prices and a limit on
our natural resources, feeding the world
on no more land with less water becomes
an even greater challenge. Yet Professor Sir
Gordon Conway is optimistic about a food
secure world in 2050. In One Billion Hungry,
Conway calls for a doubly green revolution
a revolution that needs to be at least as productive as the first, and yet more conserving
of natural resources.
Conway stresses the need for greater
breeding focus on previously neglected cereals, pulses and tubers, for increased emphasis
on home gardens for nutritionally rich vegetables, more widespread intercropping, relay
cropping, using leguminous trees and shrubs
for shade and for mulching in the tropics and
for more irrigation in Africa with better utilisation of water everywhere. Another priority,
he believes, is genetic modification research
to boost performance and stress-resilience of
plants and livestock.
Food security
By M Kugelman & S
Levenstein
Island press, 2012; 248 pp.
ISBN: 978-16-1091-187-0
US$25 20
Island press
2000 M Street NW, Suite
650
Washington, DC 20036
USA
www.islandpress.org
Food intake
23
PUBLICATIONS
Statistics
Agro-ecology
Sustainable Food
Production Practices in
the Caribbean
Edited by W G Ganpat & W
p Isaac
CTA, 2012; 458 pp.
ISBN: 978-97-6637-624-6
CTA no. 1699
40 credit points
Livelihoods
Wild swings
By C pye-Smith
CTA, 2012; 4 pp.
CTA no. PB004E
By p piro
CTA, 2012; 4 pp.
CTA no. PB005E
24
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Crucial knowledge
5 questions for
SAMUEL MIKENGA
CTA
Key dates
1988 Learn Apple Macintosh
computer and internet skills
2000 Graduate from Imperial
College (London), celebrate
millennium and visit Deep
Sea World in Scotland
2001 First visit to Asia: Japan,
Thailand and Vietnam
2003 Work with WWF International
2008 Eat the best tasty organic
food (in Ghana)
2013 Participate in leadership
and management course
at HEC, Paris, France
25
get on board
Crucial knowledge
(continued from page 25) Sending information to the right people at the right time
so that they will have access to key information for making the necessary decisions
is vital. This requires effective knowledge
management at the institutional level.
How does this management work?
Michel Sergheeraert offers a clear definition. Knowledge management, is a set of
initiatives, techniques and methods that
enable the collection, identification, analysis, organisation, storage and sharing of
information between organisation members, especially knowledge created by the
organisation itself (in its marketing and
SMS
CTA is organising a
conference on ICTs in
agriculture to be held in
November 2013. More news in
DEPARTURE
upcoming issues.
CTAs Policy Brief no. 8
on small island economies
and no. 9 on promoting
climate-smart agriculture
have been published. Check
them out at www.cta.int.
CTA is launching a new
book collection:
Farm-to-market in order
to promote the inclusion
26
CTA
of smallholders in value
chains.
how it manages knowledge and plans interventions with the aim of improving this
management internally and in its interactions with other institutions and organisations. The institutions can in turn develop
documented knowledge management strategies with the help of specialised consultants. CTA intends to facilitate all processes
that will pave the way to successful project
completion during the development of different knowledge management strategies.
Decisions made by these institutions will
thus be more hard-hitting.
Does this topic interest you? Contact
Krishan Bheenick (bheenick@cta.int).
M@il Box
Supporting
farmers
Organic chocolate
Kouassi Sylvain Konan reacted
to a report he read in issue 160 on a
cooperative that produces organic
chocolate in Grenada. I would like
to congratulate the editors of your
magazine for the Field report from
Grenada published in Spore 160
which highlights the extent of
healthy chocolate production
by an environment-friendly
company (Grenada Chocolate
Company). It is hoped that such
initiatives will now be taken by many
other companies attentive to sustainable
environmental management and that
they will be encouraged by rewards like
the medal awarded by the Academy of
Chocolate. Stakeholder companies in
Cte dIvoire (the first country for cocoa
production and export) should follow
this example, even though some of them
have already opted to produce cocoa in a
sustainable manner. Note that it is possible
for organic cocoa to be produced in Cte
dIvoire since all the necessary
human and technical resources
are available. This option could
encourage young people to
become growers, thus revitalising
cocoa production, which is currently
being managed by an ageing
population.
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