Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduccin
II.
Objetivos:
I.
II.
III.
Generalidades:
Manmetros:
Tipo Bourdon : 0 2.5bar
Manmetros diferenciales : 0 500mm
Tuberas rgidas de PVC:
Dimetro interior : 25mm
Dimetro exterior : 32mm
Tubera flexible:
Toma de presin Manmetro diferencial. Dimetro exterior: 10mm
Presurizar equipo. Dimetro exterior: 6mm
Desage. Dimetro exterior: 25mm
Ensanchamiento:
Dimetro: 25/40mm
Estrechamiento (contraccin):
Dimetro: 40/25mm
Vlvulas:
De membrana. Dimetro: 25mm
Antirretorno: 6mm
Dimensiones y pesos:
Dimensiones del equipo aproximadamente: 750x550x950mm
Volumen aproximado del equipo: 0.39m3
Peso aproximado del equipo: 10kg
3
de
seccin
de
tubera:
ensanchamientos
V2
2g
Donde:
K: Coeficiente de prdidas de carga
V: Velocidad el fluido
h: Diferencia de altura manomtrica
g: Gravedad
IV.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Equipo empleado:
V.
Procedimiento experimental:
3. Esto ha de hacerse muy suavemente para evitar que la medida se nos vaya
de escala tanto superior como inferiormente.
4. Una vez que abrimos completamente la vlvula del banco hidrulico (VC),
regulamos el caudal con la vlvula de control del equipo (VCC).
5. Anotamos las lecturas indicadas en los tubos manomtricos asociados con
los accesorios seleccionados en esta parte del ensayo y los valores que
marquen los manmetros de Bourdon.
6. Determinamos el caudal de agua, anotando todos esos valores.
7. Repetimos los pasos anteriores variando el caudal mediante la accin
combinada de cierre de las vlvulas de control del equipo y del banco
hidrulico.
VI.
Tablas y clculos:
1
2
3
4
Lect.
No.
1
2
3
4
Codo
largo
90
h1
m
m
41
0
35
6
44
0
36
3
h2
m
m
34
7
29
9
36
2
30
2
ACCESORIOS
Ensanchamie Contracci
nto
n
h3
(mm)
h4
(mm)
h5
mm
h6
mm
346
378
380
133
298
323
327
131
362
397
400
126
302
329
333
111
Codo corto
90
h9
h10
(mm) (mm)
415
380
368
309
380
330
415
367
ACCESORIOS
Inglete
h11
(mm)
165
33
33
75
h12
(mm)
208
93
97
136
Codo
medio
90
Valvula
de
membra
na
h7
m
m
13
5
13
2
12
6
11
1
M1
(bar
)
0.1
5
0.1
2
0.1
9
0.1
2
h8
m
m
80
86
65
62
Valvula de
membrana
M1
M2
(bar)
(bar)
0.01
0.0
0.01
0.0
0.01
0.0
0.01
0.0
Caudal
Vol Tiemp
.
o
(lts (seg)
)
M2
(bar
)
0
9.0
11.7
9.0
13.9
9.0
13.0
9.0
13.9
CAUDAL
Volumen
Tiempo
(litros)
(seg)
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
29.0
27.9
24.7
25.5
PROCEDIMIENTO DE CLCULO.
Ecuaciones utilizadas.
h=he hs
Volumen (lts)
1m3
tiempo( seg)
Q=
1 000lts
A=
V=
2
D
4
Ec=
K=
V
2g
Coeficiente de perdida o resistencia del accesorio:
h
Ec
Clculos.
9.00 lts
3
1.00 m
11.7 s
m3
Q 1=
=7.69104
1 000lts
s
9.00 lts
1.00 m3
13.9 s
m3
Q 2=
=6.47104
1 000lts
s
9.00lts
1.00 m3
3
13.0 s
4 m
Q 3=
=6.9210
1 000 lts
s
9.00 lts
3
1.00 m
13.9 s
m3
Q4 =
=6.47104
1000 lts
s
3
4 2
A= ( 2510 m ) =4.9110 m
4
3
3 2
A= ( 4010 m ) =1.2610 m
4
m
7.6910
s
m
V 1=
=1.57
4 2
s
4.9110 m
4
m
s
m
V 2=
=1.32
4 2
s
4.9110 m
4
6.4710
m
s
m
V 3=
=1.41
4 2
s
4.9110 m
6.92104
m
s
m
V 4=
=1.32
4 2
s
4.9110 m
6.4710
m
s
Ec1=
=0.126 m
m
29.81 2
s
Ec2=
1.57
1.32
m
s
29.81
) =0.0888 m
m
s2
m
s
Ec3 =
=0.101m
m
29.81 2
s
Ec 4=
1.41
1.32
m
s
29.81
) =0.0888 m
m
s2
K 1=
0.0630 m
=0.500
0.126 m
K 2=
0.0570 m
=0.642
0.0888 m
K 3=
0.0780 m
=0.772
0.101 m
K4=
0.0570 m
=0.642
0.0888 m
Ensanchamiento.
m
s
m
V 1=
=0.610
3 2
s
1.2610 m
7.6910
m3
s
m
V 2=
=0.513
3 2
s
1.2610 m
6.47104
10
m
s
m
V 3=
=0.549
3 2
s
1.2610 m
4
6.9210
m3
s
m
V 4=
=0.513
3 2
s
1.2610 m
6.47104
m 2
s
Ec1=
=0.0190 m
m
29.81 2
s
0.610
m
s
Ec2=
=0.0134 m
m
29.81 2
s
0.513
m 2
0.549
s
Ec3 =
=0.0154 m
m
29.81 2
s
m
s
Ec 4=
=0.0134 m
m
29.81 2
s
0.513
K 1=
0.032m
=1.68
0.0192m
K 2=
0.025 m
=1.87
0.0134 m
K 3=
0.035 m
=2.27
0.0154 m
K4=
0.027 m
=2.01
0.0134 m
Contraccin.
11
m
7.6910
s
m
V 1=
=1.57
4 2
s
4.9110 m
4
m
s
m
V 2=
=1.32
4 2
s
4.9110 m
6.47104
m
s
m
V 3=
=1.41
4 2
s
4.9110 m
6.9210
m3
s
m
V 4=
=1.32
4 2
s
4.9110 m
6.47104
m
s
Ec1=
=0.126 m
m
29.81 2
s
Ec2=
1.57
1.32
m
s
29.81
) =0.0888 m
m
2
s
m 2
s
Ec3 =
=0.101m
m
29.81 2
s
1.41
12
Ec 4=
1.32
m
s
29.81
) =0.0888 m
m
2
s
K 1=
0.247 m
=1.96
0.126 m
K 2=
0.196 m
=2.21
0.0888 m
K 3=
0.274 m
=2.71
0.101 m
K4=
0.222m
=2.50
0.0888 m
Codo medio de 90.
m
s
m
V 1=
=1.57
4 2
s
4.9110 m
7.6910
m3
s
m
V 2=
=1.32
4 2
s
4.9110 m
6.47104
m
s
m
V 3=
=1.41
4 2
s
4.9110 m
6.9210
13
m
s
m
V 4=
=1.32
4 2
s
4.9110 m
6.4710
m
s
Ec1=
=0.126 m
m
29.81 2
s
Ec2=
1.57
1.32
m
s
29.81
) =0.0888 m
m
s2
m
s
Ec3 =
=0.101m
m
29.81 2
s
Ec 4=
1.41
m
1.32
s
29.81
) =0.0888 m
m
2
s
K 1=
0.055 m
=0.437
0.126 m
K 2=
0.046 m
=0.518
0.0888 m
K 3=
0.061 m
=0.604
0.101 m
K4=
0.049 m
=0.552
0.0888 m
Valvula de membrana.
14
9 810
9 810
9 810
9 810
) 0=1.22 m
N
2
m
) 0=1.94 m
N
2
m
) 0=1.22 m
N
3
m
N
2
m
N
m3
) 0=1.53 m
N
3
m
( 0.12 ) 100000
h2 =
N
2
m
N
m3
m3
s
m
V 1=
=1.57
4 2
s
4.9110 m
7.69104
m
6.4710
s
m
V 2=
=1.32
4 2
s
4.9110 m
4
m3
s
m
V 3=
=1.41
4 2
s
4.9110 m
6.92104
m
s
m
V 4=
=1.32
4 2
s
4.9110 m
6.4710
m
1.57
s
Ec1=
=0.126 m
m
29.81 2
s
15
Ec2=
1.32
m
s
29.81
) =0.0888 m
m
2
s
m 2
s
Ec3 =
=0.101m
m
29.81 2
s
Ec 4=
1.41
1.32
m
s
29.81
) =0.0888 m
m
2
s
K 1=
1.53 m
=12.1
0.126 m
K 2=
1.22 m
=9.68
0.0888 m
K 3=
1.94 m
=15.4
0.101 m
K4=
1.22m
=9.68
0.0888 m
16
m
s
m
V 1=
=1.57
4 2
s
4.9110 m
7.6910
m3
s
m
V 2=
=1.32
4 2
s
4.9110 m
6.47104
m
s
m
V 3=
=1.41
4 2
s
4.9110 m
6.9210
m3
6.4710
s
m
V 4=
=1.32
4 2
s
4.9110 m
4
m 2
s
Ec1=
=0.126 m
m
29.81 2
s
Ec2=
1.57
m
1.32
s
29.81
) =0.0888 m
m
2
s
m 2
s
Ec3 =
=0.101m
m
29.81 2
s
Ec 4=
1.41
1.32
m
s
29.81
) =0.0888 m
m
2
s
K 1=
0.035 m
=0.278
0.126 m
K 2=
0.059 m
=0.664
0.0888 m
17
K 3=
0.050 m
=0.495
0.101 m
K4=
0.048 m
=0.541
0.0888 m
Inglete.
m3
7.6910
s
m
V 1=
=1.57
4 2
s
4.9110 m
4
m
s
m
V 2=
=1.32
4 2
s
4.9110 m
4
6.4710
m3
s
m
V 3=
=1.41
4 2
s
4.9110 m
6.92104
m
s
m
V 4=
=1.32
4 2
s
4.9110 m
6.4710
m
s
Ec1=
=0.126 m
m
29.81 2
s
1.57
18
Ec2=
1.32
m
s
29.81
) =0.0888 m
m
2
s
m 2
s
Ec3 =
=0.101m
m
29.81 2
s
Ec 4=
1.41
1.32
m
s
29.81
) =0.0888 m
m
2
s
K 1=
0.043m
=0.341
0.126 m
K 2=
0.060 m
=0.676
0.0888 m
K 3=
0.064 m
=0.634
0.101 m
K4=
0.061 m
=0.687
0.0888 m
Valvula de membrana (parte B):
9 810
N
3
m
N
2
m
) 0=0.102 m
m3
s
m
V 1=
=1.57
4 2
s
4.9110 m
7.69104
19
m
s
m
V 2=
=1.32
4 2
s
4.9110 m
4
6.4710
m3
s
m
V 3=
=1.41
4 2
s
4.9110 m
6.92104
m
s
m
V 4=
=1.32
4 2
s
4.9110 m
6.4710
m
s
Ec1=
=0.126 m
m
29.81 2
s
Ec2=
1.57
1.32
m
s
29.81
) =0.0888 m
m
s2
m
s
Ec3 =
=0.101m
m
29.81 2
s
Ec 4=
1.41
1.32
m
s
29.81
) =0.0888 m
m
2
s
K 1=
0.102 m
=0.810
0.126 m
K 2=
0.102 m
=1.15
0.0888 m
K 3=
0.102 m
=1.01
0.101 m
K4=
0.102m
=1.15
0.0888 m
20
Lectur
a No.
1
2
3
4
Lectur
a No.
1
Codo largo 90
h1
h2
(m.c.a) (m.c.a)
0.440
0.347
0.356
0.299
0.440
0.362
0.363
0.302
Ensanchamient
o
h3
h4
(m.c.a) (m.c.a)
0.346
0.378
0.298
0.323
0.362
0.397
0.302
0.329
Lectur
a No.
1
2
3
4
Lectur
a No.
1
2
3
4
Lectur
a No.
1
2
3
4
Contraccin
h5
h6
(m.c.a) (m.c.a)
0.380
0.133
0.327
0.131
0.400
0.126
0.333
0.111
Codo medio 90
h7
h8
(m.c.a) (m.c.a)
0.135
0.080
0.132
0.086
0.126
0.065
0.111
0.062
Valvula de
membrana
(parte A)
M1
M2
(bar)
(bar)
0.150
0.0
0.120
0.0
0.190
0.0
0.120
0.0
h
(m.c.a)
0.0630
0.0570
0.0780
0.0610
Q *10-4
(m3/s)
7.69
6.47
6.92
6.47
Clculos
A (m2)
V
-4
*10
(m/s)
4.91
1.57
4.91
1.32
4.91
1.41
4.91
1.32
Ec
(m.c.a)
0.126
0.0888
0.101
0.0888
K
0.500
0.642
0.772
0.642
Clculos
h
(m.c.a)
0.0320
0.0250
0.0350
0.0270
Q *10-4
(m3/s)
7.69
A (m2)
*10-3
1.26
V
(m/s)
0.610
Ec
(m.c.a)
0.0190
-1.68
6.47
1.26
0.513
0.0134
-1.87
6.92
1.26
0.549
0.0154
-2.27
6.47
1.26
0.513
0.0134
-2.01
h
(m.c.a)
0.247
0.196
0.274
0.222
Q *10-4
(m3/s)
7.69
6.47
6.92
6.47
Clculos
A (m2)
V
-4
*10
(m/s)
4.91
1.57
4.91
1.32
4.91
1.41
4.91
1.32
Ec
(m.c.a)
0.126
0.0888
0.101
0.0888
h
(m.c.a)
0.0550
0.0460
0.0610
0.0490
-4
Clculos
A (m2)
V
*10-4
(m/s)
4.91
1.57
4.91
1.32
4.91
1.41
4.91
1.32
Ec
(m.c.a)
0.126
0.0888
0.101
0.0888
Q *10
(m3/s)
7.69
6.47
6.92
6.47
1.96
2.21
2.71
2.50
K
0.437
0.518
0.604
0.552
Clculos
h
(m.c.a)
1.53
1.22
1.94
1.22
Q *10-4
(m3/s)
7.69
6.47
6.92
6.47
A (m2)
*10-4
4.91
4.91
4.91
4.91
V
(m/s)
1.57
1.32
1.41
1.32
Ec
(m.c.a)
0.126
0.0888
0.101
0.0888
K
12.1
9.68
15.4
9.68
21
Lectur
a No.
1
2
3
4
Lectur
a No.
1
Inglete
h11
h12
(m.c.a) (m.c.a)
0.165
0.208
0.033
0.093
0.033
0.097
0.075
0.136
Lectur
a No.
1
2
3
4
Codo corto 90
h9
h10
(m.c.a) (m.c.a)
0.415
0.380
0.368
0.309
0.380
0.330
0.415
0.367
Valvula de
membrana
(Parte B)
M1
M2
(bar)
(bar)
0.0100
0.0
0.0100
0.0
0.0100
0.0
0.0100
0.0
h
(m.c.a)
0.0350
0.0590
0.0500
0.0480
Q *10
(m3/s)
7.69
6.47
6.92
6.47
Clculos
A (m2)
V
*10-4
(m/s)
4.91
1.57
4.91
1.32
4.91
1.41
4.91
1.32
h
(m.c.a)
0.0430
0.0600
0.0640
0.0610
Q *10-4
(m3/s)
7.69
Clculos
A (m2)
V
-4
*10
(m/s)
4.91
1.57
-4
Ec
(m.c.a)
0.126
0.0888
0.101
0.0888
Ec
(m.c.a)
0.126
-0.341
0.278
0.664
0.495
0.541
K
6.47
4.91
1.32
0.0888
-0.676
6.92
4.91
1.41
0.101
-0.634
6.47
4.91
1.32
0.0888
-0.687
Clculos
h
(m.c.a)
0.102
0.102
0.102
0.102
Q *10-4
(m3/s)
7.69
6.47
6.92
6.47
A (m2)
*10-4
4.91
4.91
4.91
4.91
V
(m/s)
1.57
1.32
1.41
1.32
Ec
(m.c.a)
0.126
0.0888
0.101
0.0888
K
0.810
1.15
1.01
1.15
22
VII.
Desempeo de comprensin:
hL
v2
2g
D
f
23
24
25
26
27
VIII.
Conclusiones:
28
IX.
Anexos
29
X.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Bibliografa:
Hidrulica - N. Nekrasov.
Mecnica de fluidos Mott.
Mecnica de fluidos e hidrulica Schaum.
Fundamentos de hidrulica Sotelo.
30
ndice
Introduccin.........................................................................................
Objetivos.............................................................................................
Generalidades......................................................................................
Equipo empleado...................................................................................
Procedimiento experimental......................................................................
Tablas y clculos...................................................................................
Desempeo de comprensin...................................................................
Conclusiones......................................................................................
Anexos............................................................................................
Bibliografa.........................................................................................
31