Health and Wellness

NUR 106 Medical Surgical

Concepts
Spring 2006

Objectives:
Upon successful completion of this unit, the
student should be able to:
Describe

the healthhealth-illness
continuum
Define homeostasis
Explain Maslow
Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
Discuss nursing
nursings role in health
promotion, disease prevention and
health maintenance

Health - Illness Continuum

Definitions

of health
health
versus wellness versus illness
HealthHealth-Illness continuum
Health

Health

High Level Wellness

Illness

Death

Self-actualization

Risk Factors
?
?
?
?

Healthy People 2010

Comprehensive

set of national health

objectives for the decade
Overarching Goals of Healthy People:
Increase the quality and years of
healthy life
Eliminate health disparities
28

focus chapters

Health Promotion
Empowering

individuals and
communities to make improvements
in the way they live, to change risky
behaviors, and to adopt healthy
behaviors
In 1858, Florence Nightingale
defined the goal of nursing to put
the patient in the best condition for
nature to act upon him
him

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

Physiologic

Needs
Safety and Security
Love and Belonging
SelfSelf-Esteem
SelfSelf-Actualization

Level of Prevention
Primary

Protection against the occurrence of a

specific disease
Health promotion through education
Secondary

Promoting early detection

Early treatment
Tertiary

Rehabilitation

Nursing
Nursings Role in Health Promotion
Appropriate

to age

Education
Role

Model
Promote health within a realistic
framework
OpenOpen-minded

Health Promotion in Children and

Adolescents
Previous

focus was on screening

Immunizations
Safety
Promotion

of healthy behaviors

Health Promotion in Young and

MiddleMiddle-Aged Adults
Healthy Diet
Active Lifestyle
Stress management
Preventing accidents
Limiting alcohol consumption
No drug abuse
Seat belts/ driving safely
No smoking
Screenings

Health Promotion in Older Adults

Maximizing

physical activity safely

Nutrition
Stress

management
Education
Support

Chronic Illness
long

term health problem caused by

an irreversible disorder, an
accumulation of disorders, or a latent
disease.
disease.
Pattern of progression
PrePre-diagnostic Stage
Diagnostic Stage
Chronic Stage
Terminal Stage

Chapter 10
Special Considerations for
the Elderly

Objectives:
Describe

the physiologic changes

that occur with aging
Explain the psychological factors
associated with aging
Identify areas to be particularly
careful with when planning care for
the elderly

Cardiac Changes
9

9
9

Vessels loose
elasticity
Superficial veins
become fragile
Heart less efficient
Cardiac output
decreases by 40%
by age 65

Cardiac Changes Contd

9

Recovery Time
Increases which
means it takes
longer for the
heart rate to
return to normal
Orthostatic
hypotension

Respiratory Changes
9

Inspiratory &
Expiratory
muscles are
weakened
Anterior/posterior
chest diameter
increases
Lungs loose
elasticity

Renal Changes
9

Renal mass
decreases
Blood flow
decreases by
50%
Glomerular
filtration rate
decreases

Musculoskeletal Changes
9

Muscle mass
decreases
Muscle strength
decreases
Bones become
brittle & thinner

Skin /Immune System

Changes
9
9
9

Drier
Fragile
Less subcutaneous
fat
Decreases number
& functioning of
sweat glands

Cognition Changes

Slow recall
Velocity of
impulses
decreases
Decreased number
of nerves

Sensory Changes
All

senses diminish
Presbycusis
Presbyopia
Adapting to lighting
Loss of taste buds

Psychological Changes
Integrity
Coping

versus despair
and Adaptation