Four color map proof V4, Written by Miles Van Tassel.

2/26/2015

TERM
-DEFINITION

Node
-This represents the area on a map.

Connector
-This represents the boarder relationship between areas on a map.

Tail
-A series of nodes and connectors that is not connected on one end.

Nodded Connector

-A series of nodes and connectors that is connected on both ends. Each node
has two connectors. The connectors on each end are connected to two different
Branch Nodes.

Branch Node

-Nodes with 3 or more connectors. It can have 2 connections increased to 3

when a Nodded Connector is attached.

Area

-It is the space bounded by nodes and connectors. Not to be confused with
the areas on of a map which is represented by nodes.

FCN

-Fully Connected Node, A node with connectors to all Ring Nodes in the ring
area where it exist.

PCN

-An FCN with some of the connectors removed. Must have 3 or more
connectors, to avoid becoming categorized as a Tail, Nodded Connector or Ring
Nodes.

Defining the n depth.

-Referrers the level of division, or how many times an area is subdivided.

10

Ring(n) = FCN(n+1)=PCN(n+1)

-This is the ring area which is equal to the total area of the subdivided areas
of an FCN or PCN.

11

FCN(n)=PCN(n) = Ring(n-1)

-This is the areas created by an FCN or PCN which is equal to one of the
subdivided areas of a ring area.

12

Ring Nodes
-The nodes of a ring that define the ring(n) area.

13

Isolated Node Groups

-A groups of nodes that has only one node shared with only one other group
of nodes.

14

Reduce Group

-A group of nodes consisting of defined Ring Nodes. They do not have FCNs,
PCNs, Tails, Noded Connectors or more than one Isolated Node Groups.

******************************************************************
STEP -Action
--Topographical Observation
---Color Observation

100

-CREATING A Reduced Group FROM ANY MAP

--TITLE
---NA

101

-A map can be reduced to nodes and connectors.

--"Areas" enclosed by connectors and nodes are created.
---NA

102

-Repeatedly Tails can be identified and removed.

--Removes insignificant topography.
---NA

103 -Repeatedly, an isolated noded groups can be considered individually by

coping the shared node to each group.
--Multiple groups of nodes with a single node relationship can be considered
individually.
---NA

104 -Repeatedly, Noded Connectors can be reduced to a connector. Parallel

connectors can be reduced to one connector.
--Removes insignificant topography. The original Branch Nodes may not be
branch nodes after the removal.
---NA

105 -Repeatedly, one node at a time can be checked to be an FCN. Each FCN can
be removed until all FCN are removed.
--A noded group can be represented without FCNs
---NA

106 -PCNs connect to a ring. A ring with multiple PCNs would connect to the same
ring.
--PCN do not connect to each other. PCN are not Ring Nodes.
---NA

107 -Repeatedly in every area, in each area every node, not assigned to be ring
node, that does not boarder a previously defined PCN can be checked for 3 or more
connectors and be assigned to be a PCN. The Ring Nodes can be assigned after all
PCNs of an area are identified.
--A Ring Node can be identified and assigned. PCNs can be identified and
assigned. Any configuration of PCNs supported by the ring is possible.
---NA

108

-Repeatedly, in a ring(n) area, all PCN(n+1)s can be removed.

--A noded group can be represented without PCNs
---NA

109 -Repeatedly, one area at a time can be checked for contents of nothing. Its
ring can be identified. The ring nodes can be labeled as Ring Nodes.

--All nodes of a noded group can have at least one configuration consisting of
only Ring Nodes.
---NA

110

-A map can be reduced to Ring Nodes.

--A Reduced Group can be created from any map.
---NA

111 -Given a Reduced Group. Any map can be created from its Reduced Group by
adding back the removed map components: FCNs, PCNs, Connectors, Noded
Connectors, Tails and Isolated Node Groups.
--A map can be rebuilt from its Reduced Group.
---NA
******************************************************************
STEP -Action
--Topographical Observation
---Color Observation

200

-CREATING ANY Reduced Group WITH ANY CONFIGURATION

--TITLE
---NA

201

-Consider a 2 dimensional space.

--A sphere or plane
---NA

202 -A ring of 3 will separate an area in two parts. Consider one part and call it
the inner region.

--This is a characteristic of two dimensional space.

---NA

203

-FCN the inner areas to infinity by adding FCNs in each subdivided n area.
--Any number of rings at any n-depth can be created using this fractal.

---All rings are 3 nodes of 3 colors. The added FCN is a 4th color. The process
repeats and can use 4 colors.

204

-Repeatedly, FCNs can be removed.

--Any targeted number of rings can be created at any n depth.
---Removed nodes can use 4 colors.

205 -Repeatedly, any ring(n) area can have a connector replaced with a Noded
Connector. Previous FCNs now PCNs can be made into FCNs, by adding connectors.
Any ring(n) areas containing nothing can have an FCN added.
--Any ring size can be created. Any ring boarder relationship can be created.
Any FCNs size can be created with a ring of that size.
---Added and altered nodes can use 4 colors.

206

-Repeatedly, connectors to any FCN can be deleted to create a PCN.

--Any PCN of any size and configuration, supported by its ring, can be
created.
---Altered nodes can use 4 colors

207 -Repeatedly, a Nodded Rings can have a, connector or Nodded Connector

deleted. The areas separated by the deleted components may contain nothing, an
FCN or PCNs.
--Any number of FCNs, now PCNs and/or PCNs of any configuration, can share
an area in a Nodded Ring.

---Removed nodes can use 4 colors.

208

-Repeatedly, Tails can be deleted.

--Removes insignificant topography.
---Removed nodes can use 3 colors.

209

-All ring areas can be examined for their contents.

--Any number of PCNs of any configuration can be supported by a ring

appropriately sized including the contents of nothing.
---NA

210

-Repeatedly, FCNs and PCNs can be deleted.

--All nodes will be Ring nodes. This will form a Reduced Group.
---Removed nodes can use 4 colors.

211 -Ref. Step 205. Any number of ring nodes and boarder relationship can be
created.
--Any Reduced Group can be created.
---Any Reduce group can use 4 colors.

212 -The components of this 200 proof are of any configuration, and; they can be
identical to the components of the 100 proof.
--Any map can be created from this proof
---Identical nodes in each proof can use the same 4 colors.

213 -Ref. Step 111. Given an identical Reduced Group. Any map can be created
from its Reduced Group by adding back the 100 proof components: FCNs, PCNs,
Connectors, Noded Connectors, Tails and Isolated Node Groups.

--Any map can be created.

---Any map can use 4 colors.