ABSTRACT

Power Quality problem has become an important issue in the power

distribution network due to increase in usage of power electronic based loads. The basic
issues in power quality are twofold, one is to maintain the utility voltage constant and
second one is to supply the necessary reactive and harmonic power locally. The major
power quality problems are voltage sags and swells, harmonics, fluctuations, flickering
etc. The voltage at the PCC, being the difference between the source voltage and the
voltage across the source impedance, is distorted due to the loads. Other consumers at the
same PCC will receive distorted supply. Therefore it is important to install compensating
device at PCC to eliminate harmonic distortions and to mitigate voltage sags, swell
conditions etc. The shunt connected custom power device called distribution static
compensator ( DSTATCOM ) injects current at the point of common coupling (PCC) so
that harmonic filtering, power factor correction, and load balancing can be achieved. It
gives fast response and robustness to the system conditions. The transient response of the
distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) is very important while compensating
rapidly varying unbalanced and nonlinear loads. Any change in the load affects the dclink voltage directly. The proper operation of DSTATCOM requires variation of the dclink voltage within the prescribed limits. Conventionally, a proportional-integral (PI)
controller is used to maintain the dc-link voltage to the reference value. However, the
transient response of the conventional PI dc-link voltage controller is slow. In this Project
a fast-acting dc-link voltage controller based on the energy of a dc-link capacitor is
designed to ensure the fast transient response. A fuzzy controller with fast reference
voltage generation to regulate Unbalance voltage in three-phase system improves Power
Quality even further. One of the main advantages of Fuzzy control over conventional
controller is the inaccuracies of the sensors on the system performance can be reduced by
adding additional rules, this reduces the need for costly sensors and cost of the control
system is reduced without a compromise in performance. The simulation results show a
very good performance of the method and the control scheme under arbitrary fault
conditions of the utility supply.
i.

LIST OF SYMBOLS
Shunt Injected Current

IL

Total Load Current

IP

Fundamental Active Current

IQ

Fundamental reactive Current

IH

Harmonic Current Component

Direct component of Voltage

Quadtrature component of Voltage
Phase angle between source voltages and compensator currents
Average A.C load power
D.C load Power
,

Compensator reference currents

Load Currents
D.C Storage Capacitor
Capacitor D.C Voltage
Compensator actual Currents
Source Voltages
Transpose Operator

ii.

Proportional Controller gain

Integral Controller gain
D.C Link Reference Voltage
Energy of D.C Link Capacitor
Ripple period of the dc-link capacitor voltage
Energy based Proportional Controller gain
Energy based Integral Controller gain
Interface Inductor
Interface resistor
Hysteresis band limit

iii.

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1

11

Figure 2.2

Voltage sag caused by an SLG fault.RMS waveform for

Voltage Sag event
Instantaneous Voltage Swell caused by an SLG fault12

Figure 2.3

Additive Third Harmonics

14

Figure 2.4

Voltage Notching caused by a Three-phase Converter

15

Figure 3.1

A simplified one-line diagram of a power system

16

Figure 3.2

A dynamic voltage restorer (DVR)

17

Figure 3.3

Schematic diagram of UPQC

18

Figure 3.4

Shunt connected DSTATCOM

19

Figure 3.5

Basic circuit of a DSTATCOM

21

Figure 3.6

Basic Building Blocks of the D-STATCOM

22

Figure 3.7

No-load mode (

23

Figure 3.8

Capacitive mode (

Figure 3.9

Inductive mode (

Figure 3.10

DSTATCOM vector diagrams

Figure 3.11

Block diagram of the proposed DSTATCOM controller

Figure 3.12

Multi-level control schemes for the DSTATCOM compensator

24

24
25
26

27
Figure 4.1

Three-Phase, Four-Wire Compensated System using

H-bridge Voltage Source Inverter Topology based
Distribution Static Compensator

29

iv.

Figure 4.2

Schematic Diagram of Conventional D.C. Link Voltage Controller

32

Figure 4.3

Schematic Diagram of Fast-acting D.C Link Voltage Controller

33

Figure 5.1

Conventional D.C Link Voltage Controller

38

Figure 5.2

Switching Circuit

39

Figure 5.3

MATLAB/SIMULATION Circuit

39

Figure 5.4

Source voltages and source currents

40

Figure 5.5

Compensator Currents

41

Figure 5.6

Compensated Source Current in Phase a

Figure 5.7

D.C Link Voltage with Conventional Controller takes 0.04 sec

41

to settle down to reference value.

41

Figure 5.8

Total Harmonic Distortion of 19.40%

42

Figure 5.9

Fast Acting D.C Link Voltage Controller Scheme

42

Figure 5.10

Compensated Source Current in Phase a

43

Figure 5.11

D.C Link Voltage with fast acting Controller,

Transient response improved by t=0.02 sec.

43

Figure 5.12

Power factor improvements.

44

Figure 5.13

Total Harmonic Distortion reduced to 10.16%

44

Figure 6.1

Fuzzy Inference System

49

Figure 6.2

Fuzzy Logic IF-Then Rules

51

Figure 6.3

MAT Lab circuit of Fuzzy Logic Controller

52

Figure 6.4

Control Scheme of Fuzzy Logic Controller

53

v.
Figure 6.5

Three phase Compensated source voltages and currents

Figure 6.6

Transient response of Fuzzy logic controller D.C Link Voltage

ts=0.002sec

54

54

Figure 6.7

Power factor improvement

54

Figure 6.8

Total Harmonic Distortion reduction to 4.78% in phase a 54

LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1

Power disturbances

Table 5.1

Simulation Parameters

37

Table 6.1

Fuzzy Rule Base

52

Table 6.2

Comparison between Fuzzy and PI Controllers

55

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
APCM

Active Power Control Mode

APF

Active Power Filter

ASD

Adjustable Speed Drives

CP

Custom Power

DSTATCOM Distribution Static Compensator

DVR

Dynamic Voltage Restorer

EIA

American Energy Information Administration

EMI

Electro Magnetic Interruption

FACTS

Flexible AC Transmission Systems

IEA

International Energy Agency

IGBT

Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor

MSC

Mechanically-switched capacitor

PCC

Point of Common Coupling

PLL

Phase Locked Loop

vi

PFCM

Power Factor Control Mode

PI

Proportional Integral

PQ

Power Quality

PSS

Power system stabilizer

SCL

Static Current Limiter

SRF

Synchronous Rotating Frame

SSBs

Solid-State Circuit Breakers

SSTS

Solid State Transfer Switch

SSSC

Static synchronous series compensator

STRR

Stationary Reference Frame

SVC

Static VAR compensator

TCR

Thyristor-controlled reactor

THD

Total Harmonic Distortion

TSC

Thyristor-switched capacitor

TCSC

Thyristor-controlled series capacitor

TCSR

Thyristor-controlled series reactor

TSR

Thyristor-switched reactor

TSSC

Thyristor-switched series capacitor

TSSR

Thyristor-switched series reactor

UPQC

Unified power Quality Conditioner

VSI

Voltage Source Inverter

vii.