Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Prepared By
Mr. K. Kathirvel B.E., (M.E.)
PART-A
QUESTION AND ANSWERS
Define Heat transfer?
Heat transfer can be defined as the transmission of energy from one
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3.
3. Radiation
What is conduction?
Heat conduction is a mechanism of heat transfer from a region of high
temperature to a region of low temperature with in a medium (Solid, liquid or Gases)
or different medium in direct physical contact.
In conduction, energy exchange takes place by the kinematics motion or
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the direction of heat flow and to the temperature gradient in that direction.
Define Thermal conductivity.
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4. Cooling of transformers.
Define fin efficiency.
The efficiency of a fin is defined as the ratio of actual heat transferred to
the maximum possible to heat transferred by the fin.
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=Qfin/Qmax
Define Fin effectiveness.
Fin effectiveness is the ratio of heat transfer with fin to that without fin
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steady state and that type of conduction is known as steady state heat conduction.
What is meant by transient heat conduction or unsteady state conduction?
If the temperature of a body varies with time, it is said to be in a transient
state and that type of conduction is known as transient heat conduction or unsteady
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state conduction
What is Periodic heat flow?
In Periodic heat flow, the temperature varies on a regular basis
Example;
1. Cylinder of an IC engine.
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2. Cooling of bars.
What is meant by Newtonian heating or cooling process?
The process in which the internal resistance is assumed as negligible in
comparison with its surface resistance is known as Newtonian heating or cooling
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process.
What is meant by Lumped heat analysis?
In a Newtonian heating or cooling process the temperature throughout the
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temperature remains unchanged .In semi infinite solids, the biot number values is
What is meant by infinite solid?
A solid which extends itself infinitely in all directions of space is
known as infinite solid. In infinite solids, the biot number value is in between
0.1 and 100.
0.1 < Bi < 100
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time
What are Heislers charts?
In Heislers chart, the solutions for temperature distributions and heat flows in
plane walls, long cylinders and spheres with finite internal and surface resistance
are presented. Heislers charts are nothing but a analytical solutions in the form of
graphs
UNIT-II
PART-A
SL.NO
1.
thermodynamics.
PA College of Engineering and Technology, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Department
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variables.
Define Reynolds number (Re)
It is defined as the ratio of inertia force to viscous force.
Inertia force
Re=
--------------Viscous force.
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stream velocity
What is thermal boundary layer?
In thermal boundary layer, temperature of the fluid is less than 99% of free
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stream temperature.
Define convection.
Convection is a process of heat transfer that will occur between a solid
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convection.
What is forced convection?
If the fluid motion is artificially created by means of an external force like a
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0.8
n
(Pr)
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layer.
Define momentum thickness.
The momentum thickness is defined as the distance through which the
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total loss of momentum per second be equal to if it were passing a stationary plate.
Define energy thickness.
The energy thickness can be defined as the distance, measured
perpendicular to the boundary of the solid body ,by which the boundary should be
displaced to compensate for the reduction in kinetic energy of the flowing fluid on
account of boundary layer formation
UNIT-III
PART-A
SL.NO
1.
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condensation.
Give the application of boiling and condensation.
Boiling and condensation process finds wide application as mentioned
below.
1. Thermal and nuclear power point
2. Refrigeration systems.
3. Process of heating and cooling.
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a continuous film over the entire surface is known as film wise condensation.
What is Drop wise condensation?
The vapour condenses into small liquid droplets of various sizes which
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two fluids
What is meant by Regenerators?
In this type of heat exchangers, hot and cold fluids flow alternately through
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opposite direction
What is meant by cross flow heat exchangers?
In this type of heat exchangers, hot and cold fluids move at right angles
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to each other.
What is meant by Shell and tube heat exchangers?
In this type of heat exchangers, one of the fluids moves through a
bundle of tubes enclosed by a shell. The other fluid is forced through the shell
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UNIT-IV
PART-A
SL.NO
1.
The heat transfer from one body to another without any transmitting
medium is known as radiation .It is an electromagnetic wave phenomenon.
Define emissive power?
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The energy emitted by the surface at a given length per unit time area in all
direction is known as monochromatic emissive power.
What is meant by absorptivity?
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1. A black body absorbs all incident radiation, regardless of wave length and
direction.
2. For a prescribed temperature and wave length, no surface can emit
more energy than black body.
State Wiens displacement law.
The
gives
the
relationship
between
T max = C3
C3 = 2.9 * 10
-3
T max = 2.9 * 10
-3
mk
2
Eb = Emissive power W/m
-8
2 4
W/m K
Define Emissivity.
It is defined as the ability of the surface of a body to radiate heat .It is also
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defined as the ratio of emissive power of anybody to the emissive power of a black
body of equal temperature
What is meant by gray body?
If a body absorbs a definite percentage of incident radiation irrespective of
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their wave length, the body is known as gray body. The emissive power of a gray
body is always less than that of the black body.
State Kirchoffs law of radiation.
This law states that the ratio of total emissive power to the absorptivity is constant for
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It is defined as the total radiation incident upon a surface per unit time
per unit area. It is expressed in W/m
What is radiosity ( J)
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It is used to indicate the total radiation leaving a surface per unit time
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per unit area. It is expressed in W/m
What are the assumptions made to calculate radiation exchange between the
surfaces?
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diffused from one surface element and strikes the other surface directly with no
intervening reflection .it is represented by Fij.Other names for radiation shape factor
are view factor,angle factor and configuration factor .The shape factor is used in the
analysis of radioactive heat exchange between two surfaces
Discuss the radiation characteristics of carbon dioxide and water vapour.
The CO2 and H2 O both absorb and emit radiation over certain wave length
regions called absorption bands.
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UNIT-V
PART-A
SL.NO
1
between a surface and a fluid medium when they are at different concentrations.
State Ficks law of diffusion.
The diffusion rate is given by the Ficks law, which states that molar flux of
an element per unit area is directly proportional to concentration gradient.
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Example: The evaporation of water from an ocean when air blows over it
Define Schmidt Number?
It is defined as the ratio of the molecular diffusivity of momentum to the molecular
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diffusivity of mass.
Define Scherwood number.
It is defined as the ratio of concentration gradient at the boundary.
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3
kg/m .
Define Mass Concentration.
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Mass of a component per unit volume of the mixture .It is expressed in kg/m
Define mass fraction.
The mass fraction is defined as the ratio of mass concentration of species to the
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