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There is no cure for dermatomyositis, but the symptoms can be treated. Options
include medication, physical therapy, exercise, heat therapy (including microwave
and ultrasound), orthotics and assistive devices, and rest. The standard treatment
for dermatomyositis is a corticosteroid drug, given either in pill form or
intravenously. Immunosuppressant drugs, such as azathioprine and methotrexate,
may reduce inflammation in people who do not respond well to prednisone. Periodic
treatment using intravenous immunoglobulin can also improve recovery. Other
immunosuppressive agents used to treat the inflammation associated with
dermatomyositis include cyclosporine A, cyclophosphamide, and tacrolimus.
Physical therapy is usually recommended to prevent muscle atrophy and to regain
muscle strength and range of motion. Many individuals with dermatomyositis may
need a topical ointment, such as topical corticosteroids, for their skin disorder. They
should wear a high-protection sunscreen and protective clothing. Surgery may be
required to remove calcium deposits that cause nerve pain and recurrent infections.
The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and other
institutes of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) conduct research relating to
dermatomyositis in laboratories at the NIH and support additional research through
grants to major medical institutions across the country. Currently funded research is
exploring patterns of gene expression among the inflammatory myopathies, the role
of viral infection as a precursor to the disorders, and the safety and efficacy of
various treatment regimens.