Hi! Good Morning!

Im Maulin Amin. Over here is Nitesh and next to him is Dip. Today, were
here to introduce you to our project, which, weve named WIPE
WIPE isnt an abbreviation of anything. Its just WIPE. But why Wipe?
Well, Ill begin from the beginning.
At present, 18850000 Kg/day waste is generated in India
And by the next decade, 2520000000 Kg/day waste will be generated in
India.
Waste is Huge.
Waste is dirty.
Waste is somebody elses problem.
Thats been the mentality so far.
We change this paradigm, developing a system that works with the waste
to improve the livelihood that works with the environment, by reducing
landfills and that creates an overall social impact thats sustainable for
the benefit of entire society.
Waste managed properly results in less pollution and also results in
reduced wastage of resources.
Green environment is one of the most important demands of the 21st
century. Municipal Solid Waste which is abbreviated as MSW takes a
huge role in polluting the environment. Proper management is required
for efficient and effective removal and utilization of the generated MSW.
Here we propose an e-monitoring system which consists of an embedded
system and computer based software integrated with RFID, ZigBee and
GPRS technology. Using the proposed system, the municipal authority
can monitor the waste collection status effectively.
A lot of polluting sources like haze and emissions are generated from the
indiscriminate dumping of MSW. MSW includes households refusal and
solid wastes generated from industrial, commercial and institutional
establishments such as hospitals, markets, streets and industry etc. Nowa-days with the increase in the population of a country and its rapid
growth of urbanization and industrialization, the growing volume of MSW
and its appropriate management have become more acute to ensure
green environment.
Here, as a noun, wipe also fulfils its meaning as verb, which is to remove
by rubbing in order to clean.
So WIPE is a systems that wipes out mismanagement of waste.
It is a system that wipes away the neglected dumpsters.

And, it is a system which wipes away offensive odours, near the

dumpsters, which were neglected to the point of the mummification of
the rejects.
To implement and design our system, we did a little research on
the present Waste collection facility of Vadodara:
Out of the total waste generated in Vadodara:

60% comes from Households.

20% comes from markets and commercial establishments
12% comes from hospitals, road sweeping, construction rubble
And 8% comes from hotels, restaurants, and marriage halls.

Household waste is generally collected by the door to door pick-up

trucks, but sometimes households throw away their wastes in Dumpster
bins too.
Waste from markets, hotels, restaurants, marriage halls etc. is
considered as the bio-degradable waste. This waste is collected directly
and is then transferred to the compost plant facility. A little portion of
this kind of waste also lands up in Dumpster bins.
Waste from Commercial establishments, Hospitals or clinics,
construction and sweeping roads is dumped inside the dumpsters
only.
If we add the little portions of the above three categories, the total waste
ending up at the dumpsters estimates to about 30%.
Total waste generated in our city, per day is about 500MT.
Out of this, 30% estimates to about 150MT.
There are about 400 dumpsters in our city.
Out of these 400 dumpsters, about 100 get cleaned or get replaced daily.
100 is a huge figure. And to clean these dumpsters, a single pick-up unit
makes about 20 trips per day.
In the conventional approach, a number of trucks from the municipal
authority are sent to the waste bins to collect the solid waste (SW). The
wastes are loaded in the truck and then transported and transferred to
the pre-specified locations.
These trips sometimes result in wastage of fuel, time and other resources
when a trip to a not even half full dumpster is made. This also results in
the neglect of those dumpsters that are already full. Thus, sometimes,
emptying of those dumpster that are already full gets delayed.
Also, the category of the people involved in collecting and transporting
the wastes are usually not responsible enough to make the job well done.

Very often the wastes are not collected from each and every waste bin
properly due to drivers attitude and fatigue.

The conventional waste collection and management approach has the

following problems:

Lack of information about the collecting time and area.

Lack of proper monitoring system for tracking all activities related
to solid waste management.
Loss of productivity due to inefficient utilization and unauthorized
use of vehicles.
There is no quick response to pressing circumstances like the
overflowing of garbage bins, truck accident, breakdown, long-time
idling.
There is also no quick way to respond to a client's complaint about
uncollected waste.

To develop an electronic monitoring system for solid waste. The

system were planning to design focuses on this basic objective.
We have divided the entire system is three sub-systems.
1. System at the Dumpster bins
2. System at the Municipal office/Management office.
3. System with the Dumpster pick-up trucks.
System at the Dumpster bins:
The main components at the dumpster bins are:

C
Sensors to sense the level of garbage
RFID tag
Zigbee Module

System at the Management Office:

The main components here are:

C
Zigbee receiver
GSM Module
Communication interface with a laptop/computer. Either USB or
Bluetooth.

System with the Dumpster pick-up trucks:

Here the main components are:

C
GSM Module
RFID Reader
Button input to record a missing dumpster

As Ive mentioned in one of my previous slides, the main objective of our

system is to monitor the amount of garbage in the bins. In few words, I
can say:
The sensors monitor the amount of garbage. When garbage exceeds predetermined limits the main unit schedules a garbage pick-up with the
driver of the garbage pick-up truck.
How does our system operate?
For the prototype implementation, the dumpsters will be provided with
the standard 230 volts power supply source. But on the site power supply
can be either provided using a nearby street light or a domestic power
cable line.
The sensor placed in the garbage bins continuously monitor the amount
of garbage inside the bins. When the amount of garbage in the bin
exceeds a pre-determined limit, the sensor sends a signal to the main
unit, asking for the bin to be emptied.
If this occurs during regular working hours, the main unit sends a sms to
the driver, asking the driver to take the truck over to the site in order to
empty the bin. This sms contains just the Bin ID. The driver could then
easily compare the ID with the list he has already been given to find the
address corresponding to that Bin ID.
But, when the bin reports of being full with garbage after office hours,
the data is stored until the beginning of next days office hours.
These bins also contain RFID tags. These tags are read by the RFID
readers installed with the system inside the Garbage pick-up trucks. This
read data from the tag contains a Garbage bin ID. This ID is then sent to
the main unit along with the time and date of reading the tag. This data
also gets displayed on the LCD screen present with this system, which,
has been provided for drivers reference only. This system is also
provided with a keyboard that comes of use when the garbage bin is
found to be missing or broken. Thus, the driver would easily be able
inform the main office that the Garbage bin of so and so ID isnt present
at its location. To achieve this, the driver first presses the Report the
missing Bin button. On doing so, the system would prompt the driver to

enter the Bin ID with the use of LCD. The driver would be able to enter
the Bin ID using keypad provided. After this the driver would then press
the send button which would send the missing bin ID. The LCD would
finally display the message that says, Missing bin data has been sent.
Unavoidable circumstances might result in the failure of the sensors or
the entire system at the garbage bins. So, using the last emptied date
and time the main unit also calculates when next should the garbage
pick-up truck again visit that particular garbage bin.
Major Components:
1) Ultrasonic Sensor or IR Sensors
IR
Not accurate ranging
Cant be used outside in sunlight
Needs narrow beam width
Cheap

Ultrasonic
Uses Sound
Can be used outside
Gives accurate distance
irrespective of colour of object
Cant be used near sound
absorbing material such as cloth,
soft rubber, flour and foam; these
materials make poor target
objects.

Provides binary output so good at

detecting proximity of obstacle
and not the range.
Uses light.
Thus using an IR sensor is more beneficial in our case.
2) RFID Tag and RFID Reader:
Radio-frequency Identification (RFID) uses wireless radio communication
technology to uniquely identify tagged objects or people. RFID systems
consist of three basic components: A tag (aka transponder) is composed
of a semiconductor chip, an antenna, and sometimes a battery. Basic
function of an RFID tag is to store data and transmit data to the
interrogator. A tag consists of an electronic chip and an antenna
encapsulated in a package to form a usable tag, such as a packing label
that might be attached to a box. Generally, the chip contains memory
where data can be stored. One can read that written data. Some tags
contain batteries.
3) Zig-Bee Module
Zigbee uses the 2.4 GHz radio frequency to deliver a variety of reliable
and easy-to-use standards anywhere in the world. ZigBee suitable for
high level communication protocols used to create personal area
networks built from small, low-power digital radios. It is based on an

IEEE 802.15 standard. Though low powered, ZigBee devices often

transmit data over longer distances by passing data through intermediate
devices to reach more distant ones, creating a mesh network; i.e., a
network with no centralized control or high-power transceiver able to
reach all of the networked devices.
The ZigBee boards use a V2 XBEE module to interface to the ZigBee
network. These modules are compliant with the 2007 ZigBee Pro / ZNET
standard. The V2 XBEE modules come in two varieties. One is configured
to be the ZigBee network coordinator (EB051C) and the other is
configured to be either a router node or an end device node (EB051R).
The variety of the module is marked at the top right hand side of the
ZigBee board. Coordinator nodes are responsible for creating the ZigBee
network and allowing other ZigBee nodes to join. Only one coordinator
node can exist on any single network. Router nodes are responsible for
routing signals to other routers or to end nodes. End device nodes are
responsible for collecting or depositing real world data to and from the
ZigBee network. The Coordinator node and Router nodes are capable of
handling up to eight children devices. The children devices can consist of
either other Router nodes or End device nodes. If an End device node is
configured to sleep then the parent device associated for that node will
be responsible for buffering any incoming data. Therefore if you are
using sleeping End devices you must make sure to poll the parent for
data every time the device comes out of sleep mode. The board is
compatible with 3.3V and 5V systems.
4) ATMEGA 32 AVR C
It is a low power 8-bit microcontroller with 32 Kbytes of In-SystemProgrammable Flash.
5) GSM Module
General packet radio service (GPRS) is a packet oriented mobile data
service on the 2G and 3G cellular communication system's global system
for mobile communications (GSM) protocol. GPRS was originally
standardized by European Telecommunications Standards Institute
(ETSI) in response to the earlier CDPD and i-mode packet-switched
cellular technologies.
Timeline:
Weve divided our timeline in months.
September-October:
Presently were learning the interfacing of microcontroller with the major
components involved. Right now were focussing on interfacing our
microcontroller with PC using USB in order to send and receive data. If
that does not work, well try interfacing it with Bluetooth. Present
computers dont come equipped with serial com ports. So, its quite
evident that we should develop a system that is compatible with todays
technology.
Were also learning LabView in order to develop a software with
graphical user interface. If that doesnt work, well try using Visual Basic.

This all would eventually remove the complexities as well as the

limitations of the obsolete HyperTerminal software.
October-November:
By November end we plan on finishing leaning the interfacing. By then
we will have a rough circuit. Then, we would procure the components.
While were doing all these things, we will continue learning LabView or
maybe Visual Basic in depth.
November-December:
By December end we wouldve tested the interfacing and wouldve also
prepared a final circuit.
January-February:
By January end wed have finished debugging and testing of the circuit
along with the software with graphical user interface. From February
onwards we will begin final improvements, well also begin making the
Project report.
We thank Bhavana Madam for providing us with constructive
guidance. Thank You.
Extra:
Why send a SMS on drivers mobile and not display the Bin ID of
the bin which is to be emptied on the LCD screen?
Ill explain this with an example. Consider for instance that a bin with Bin
ID #1 is full. The main unit reports Bin #1 on the LCD screen. (Since
this is just an example, the number #1 is quite easier to remember, but in
real, the ID would contain more than a single digit.) So, now, lets assume
that the moment, the driver turns on the ignition of the truck, the main
unit reports Bin #45 on the LCD screen because its also full. Now this
would erase the previous bin ID from the LCD screen.
But when the above process happens, with the main unit sending a sms,
both the sms will stay or rather in a more technical sense, both the sms
will be saved in the drivers mobile for him to read or refer to again.
Which compiler are you going to use?
There are numerous options available in the market. Were yet to put
down our finger on one.
When you dont know an answer?
To be perfectly honest, I dont have an answer. We havent progressed
that deeper into system design yet.
Extra objectives/ Features to be added if time permits:

The system will have the facility to send SMS to the workers to
clean dumpster surroundings.
The system will also have the ability to monitor regular visits by the
cleaning staff, at the bins, thus, ensuring that the garbage thrown
outside the bins by the less civilised population of society is picked-

up and is put inside the bins for a pick-up later by a garbage pickup truck.
Objective of the RFID cards given to the sweepers: It is no good,
when, sometimes people throw the garbage outside - in the area
surrounding the bins. This RFID card would ensure that the
cleaning staff visits the site daily to pick up the garbage from the
surroundings. This off-site attendance monitoring system would
ensure regular visits from the cleaning staff.
Adding GPS tags which would help finding stolen bins.