Type of Beams

Statically Determinate

Simply Supported Beam

Overhanging Beam

Cantilever Beam

Type of Beams
Statically Indeterminate

Continuous Beam

Propped Cantilever Beam

Fixed Beam

Example 1
F

M
x

Equilibrium equation for 0 x 3m:

=0

M = 0

F V = 0

Vx + M = 0

V = 9kN

M = 9 x(kNm)

* internal V and M should be assumed +ve

Shear Diagram
F

V
M
x

Sign convention: V= -9kN

Lecture 1

Shear Diagram
F

V = -9 kN
M = -9x kN.m

M=-9x

Sign convention: M= -9x kNm

X=0: M= 0
X=3: M=-27kNm
6

At cross section A-A

At section A-A

V=9kN
M=X

Example 2

1) Find all the external forces

= 0;

10 ( 1 ) C y ( 2 ) = 0
C

Fy = 0

= 5 kN

A y + 5 10 = 0
A y = 5 kN

Force equilibrium

Moment equilibrium

0 x < 1m

0 x < 1m

=0

=0

M Vx = 0

F V = 0
V = 5kN (down)

M = Vx = 5kNm(ccw)

Force equilibrium

Moment equilibrium

1 x 2m

1 x 2m

=0

F 10 + V = 0
V = 5kN (up )

=0

Vx 10(1) + M = 0
M = 10 Vx
M = (10 5 x)kNm(ccw)

Boundary cond for V and M

0 x < 1m
V = 5kN (down)
M = 5 x(ccw)
M=5x

1 x < 2m
V = 5kN (up )
M = 10 5 x(ccw)

M=10-5x

Solve it
Draw the shear and moment diagrams for
simply supported beam.

11

12

Distributed Load
For calculation purposes, distributed load can be represented as a single
load acting on the center point of the distributed area.
Total force = area of distributed load (W : height and L: length)
Point of action: center point of the area

13

Example

14

Example

15

Solve it
Draw the shear and moment diagrams the
beam:

16

Solving all the external loads

Distributed load will be

F = Wl
= 8(6) = 48kN
Solving the FBD

=0

Bx 4 F (3) = 0
48(3)
4
Ay = 12kN

By =

= 36kN
Ax = 0

Boundary Condition

0 x<4

Equilibrium eq

=0

12 8 x V = 0
V = 12 8 x

=0

M Vx 4 x 2 = 0
M (12 8 x) x 4 x = 0
M 12 x + 4 x 2 = 0
M = 12 x 4 x 2
18

Boundary Condition

4 x<6

Equilibrium eq

=0

12 + 36 8 x V = 0
V = 48 8 x

=0

M Vx 8 x( x / 2) = 0
M (48 8 x) x + 36(4) 4 x 2 = 0
M 48 x + 144 + 4 x 2 = 0
M = 4 x 2 + 48 x 144

19

0 x<4

V = 12 8 x
x=0
x=4

V= 12 kN
V=-20 kN

M = 12 x 4 x 2
x=0
x=4

4 x<6

M= 0 kN
V=-16 kN

V = 48 8 x
x=4
x=6

V= 16kN
V= 0 kN

M = 4 x 2 + 48 x 144

x=4
x=6

V= -16kN
V= 0 kN
20

Line NA: neutral axis

Mc

=
max
Red Line: max normal stress
I
c = 60 mm
Yellow Line: max compressive stress
c = 60mm
Mc
max =
I

Line NA: neutral axis

Red Line: Compressive stress
y1 = 30 mm
Yellow Line: Normal stress
y2 = 50mm

Refer to Example 6.11 pp 289

1 =

2 =

My 1
I

My 2
I

I: moment of inertial of the cross

sectional area
I xx

I x x =

bh 3
=
12

r4
4

D4
64

Find the stresses at

A and B

I: moment of inertial of the cross

sectional area
Locate the centroid (coincide
with neutral axis)
n

yA
i

y=

i =1
n

i =1

y1 A1 + y 2 A2
A1 + A2

150 ( 50 )( 300 ) + 325 ( 50 )( 300 )

( 50 )( 300 ) + ( 50 )( 300 )
= 237 . 5 mm
=

I: moment of inertial of the cross

sectional area
Profile I
I about Centroidal axis
II =

bh 3 50 ( 300 ) 3
=
= 112 .5(10 ) 6 mm 4
12
12

I about Axis A-A using parallel axis

theorem
bh 3
+ Ad 2 = 112 .5 (10 ) 6 + (50 )( 300 )( 87 .5 ) 2
12
= 227 .344 (10 ) 6 mm 4

( I I ) A A =

Profile II
bh 3
(300 )( 50 ) 3
+ Ad 2 =
+ ( 300 )( 50 )( 87 .5 ) 2
12
12
6
4
= 117 .969 (10 ) mm

( I II ) A A =

Total I

I A A = ( I I ) A A + ( I II ) A A
= 227 .344 (10 ) 6 + 117 .969 (10 ) 6 mm 4
= 345 .313 (10 ) 6 mm 4

* Example 6-12 to 6-14 (pp 290-292)

Solve it
If the moment acting on the cross section of the beam is M = 6 kNm,
determine the maximum bending stress on in the beam. Sketch a
three dimensional of the stress distribution acting over the cross
section
If M = 6 kNm, determine the resultant force the bending stress
produces on the top board A of the beam

Total Moment of Inertia

300 ( 40 ) 3
40 (300 ) 3
2
I I = 2[
+ (300 )( 40 )(170 ) ] +
12
12
= 786 .8 (10 ) 6 mm 4

Max Bending Stress at the top and bottom

M top

1.45MPa

Mc 6000 (10 ) 3 (190 )

=
=
= 1 .45 MPa
I
I

M bottom = 1 .45 MPa

Bottom of the flange

1.14MPa

f _ top

Mc 6000 (10 ) 3 (150 )

=
= 1 .14 MPa
I
I

6kNm
M

f _ bottom

= 1 .14 MPa

Resultant F = volume of the trapezoid

300 mm
(1 .45 + 1 .14 )
( 40 )( 300 ) = 15540 N
2
= 15 .54 kN

FR =

40 mm
1.45MPa
1.14MPa

Solve it
The shaft is supported by a smooth thrust load at A and smooth
journal bearing at D. If the shaft has the cross section shown,
determine the absolute maximum bending stress on the shaft

External Forces
Draw the shear and moment diagram

=0

FD ( 3) = 3( 0 .75 ) + 3( 2 .25 )
FD = 3 kN
F A = 3 kN

Absolute Bending
Stress
Mmax = 2.25kNm
Mc 2250 (10 ) 3 ( 40 )
max =
=

I
( 40 4 25 4 )
4
= 52 .8 MPa