CHAPTER V

TEXT DISCUSSION
5.1 Explicit Questions and Answers
1) How did our universe begin according to the steady-state advocates?
They believe that the universe has the quality of a field of grass were
individual blades that die are replaced by new shoots. Any region of
the universe always retain the same appearance with the same
average number of galaxies.
2) What did Prof. Martin Rylem do in an an approach to problem of
origin of universe?
Prof. Martin Rylem, working in the 50s with the radio telescope at
Cambridge, mapped the locations of thousands of galaxies and
quasars that are sources of radio waves.
3) What is Dr. Philip Morrisons critics for astronomer?
Dr. Philip Morrison criticize that astronomers know far too little to
make a choice among theories of the universe and that no theory is
adequate at the moment. According to him, astronomers do not have
enough measurement of distant galaxy to day aything definite.
4) What did astronomers do in an effort to determine the curvature?
Astronomers have so far taken complex measurement of 22 quasars.
Dr. Sandage believes it will take about 100 quasars to get a good
answer. He has discovered other quasar-like objects that may help get
the answer faster.
5) When did our universe begin according to cosmological detectives?
They figured out that the oldest stars in our galaxy must have been
born 12 billion years ago. They calculated that age by determining
how long it takes stars to burn up their hydrogen and convert is into
helium

5.2 Implicit Questions and Answers

1) After reading the text, which is the best theory of origin of the
universe according to you?
According to me, the best theory of origin of the universe is big bang.
The Big Bang is supported by evidence. I believe in the sincerity of
those who report this evidence. The Big Bang Theory is the most
widely accepted scientific theory of the origin of the universe because
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it is the one that most closely fits the observations of the universe that
have been made up to now. Based on the evidence that astronomers
have found, big bang seems to be winning although there are still
unanswered question.
2) What kind of text is it?
The text is discussion text. It discussed about which of those theory is
the answer of the origin of the universe.
3) What is writers position in the text?
The writers position in the text is neutral. Because he only tells us
about big bang and steady-state theory in detail. He also supports
astronomers to observe more about origin of the universe. The writer
agrees to Dr. Philip Morrison that no theory is adequate at the
moment.
4) What conclusion can we take from the text?
The conclusion we can take from the text is that there is no best
answer as long as astronomers observe it. Every theory has its own
goods and bads. Although big bang seems to be winning there are still
any question that has no answer. Steady state does not have evidence
as many as big bang.
5) What is the main difference between the Big Bang Theory and the
Steady-state theory?
Big bang theory, currently the most accepted one, implies that the
universe exploded from a single point at some time (about 20 billion
years ago). The steady-state theory suggests that matter is constantly
being created in empty space as the universe expands, and so has no
beginning and no end.

5.3 Summary
From the text above we can know about two theories of origin of the
universe. Those theories are big bang theory and steady state theory. Big bang
theory says that universe was born in a cataclysmic explosion some 10-20
billion years ago. On the other side, there is steady state theory that implies
that universe expands but always retains the same appearance with the same
avergae number of galaxies. The big bang theory is the most widely accepted
scientific theory of the origin of the universe because it is supported by
evidences that no one can object it. But only, the big bang theory has
unanswered questions about the explosion and its remnant. Steady-state
theory has evidences but not as reasonable as the big bang theory.

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Astronomers keep observing about evidences that is found in the universe.

They calculate and measure it thoroughly. But astronomers know far too little
to make a choice among theories of the universe and that no theory is
adequate at the moment.

5.4 Comment
As we know for all this years, human have gazed at the stars and
wondered how the universe developed into what it is today. Its been the
subject of scientific discussion. There is so many question that pop up about
how our universe began. This question has lead scientists to observe more
about the origin of the universe.
This text discusses about two theories that have made up peoples
mind of the origin of the univese. Those two theories are big bang theory and
steady state theory. For big bang believers, they believe that universe was
born in great explosion of about 10-20 billion years ago. Contradiction,
steady-state men believe that universe is always expanding but maintaining a
constant average of density.
According to all the evidences that scientists have observed, big bang
theory seems to be winning. These theory is based on the hypothesis that all
the matter in he universe was created in one big bang in a particular time.
The only difference was that in big bang all the matter was created in
one explosive beginning, while in the steady state matter has been created at a
constant rate throughout an infinite time and is still being created at the same
rate today.
In science, those theory is an attempt to explain a particular aspect of
the universe. If observations and tests support a theory. The stronger the
evidences the more scientists will accept it. If the evidences contradict the
theory, scientists have to modify or revise the theory.
The first thing came up in my mind when I read it at the first time is
curiousity. With the tittle The Greatest Explosion of Them All I want to read
it comprehensively. Turn out, it is about the theory of the origin of the
universe which some people think that it is complex. But for me, it is
interesting to learn more about astronomy and cosmology.
The writer writes this text in detail. He gives us the explanation about
the theory of the origin of the universe, both of big bang theory and steadystate theory. The writer also explain all the evidence to support those theory. I
think the language is a bit hard to understand because it is scientific text that
only some people could understand the text for one read but for me as nonexpert, I have to read it over and over again to understand what the content is.

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This scientific text made me so hard to find any idiom because all that has
written is a fact and the writer rarely used idiom. All I know before reading
this text is what the big bang and steady state theory is, now, I know what is
the evidences that support both of those theories. Reading this text makes the
readers wonder what has made up the universe and what life is on in the
galaxies. It gives the reader a knowledge about the origin of the universe.
Although the reader does not comprehend in astronomy and science, it will
give the reader a wide knowlede of our universe. I hope that soon young
people in Indonesia will be interested in learning astronomy because
Indonesia is lack of astronomers and scientist. Also I hope the readers will get
positive side and appreciate universe the way it is.

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