Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1975
1980
Year
LP ALBUMS
SINGLES
Total Records
1985
1990
1990
Cartridge
RM
243.00
RM
654.00
RM
456.00
RM
687.00
RM
699.00
RM
1,341.00
RM
987.00
RM
968.00
RM
1,955.00
RM
65.00
RM
4,987.00
RM
5,052.00
RM
965.00
RM
1,859.00
RM
2,824.00
Tapes
8 Tracks
Cassettes
Cassettes Singles
Total Records
RM
579.00
RM
379.00
RM
809.00
RM
99.00
RM
1,035.00
RM
9,849.00
RM
564.00
RM
65.00
RM
15.00
RM 1,242.00
RM
1,479.00
RM 10,673.00
RM
764.00
RM
454.00
RM
4,550.00
RM
5,768.00
RM
6,064.00
RM
654.00
RM
5,190.00
RM
11,908.00
Compact Disk
Regular CDs
CD Singles
Total Records
Grand Total
RM
987.00
RM
3,806.00
RM
657.00
RM
9,562.00
RM 1,644.00
RM 13,368.00
RM 3,585.00
RM 16,188.00
RM
6,540.00
RM
941.00
RM
7,481.00
RM
20,109.00
RM
6,810.00
RM
794.00
RM
7,604.00
RM
18,424.00
RM
9,984.00
RM
987.00
RM
10,971.00
RM
24,766.00
Figure 2: "Format as Table" button on the Styles group of the Home tab.
After clicking this button, Excel shows a new user interface element called a gallery, with a number of
formatting choices for your table, see figure 3:
If your Table has a header row, it will always have filter and sorting dropdowns in place on the header row.
See figure 6:
2. Easy selecting
Selecting an entire column or row is simple: move your mouse to the top of the table until the pointer
changes to a down pointing arrow (figure 7) and click. The data area of that column is selected. Click again
to include the header and total rows in the selection.
Figure 8: selecting all data within your table or the whole table is just one or two clicks away.
5. Automatic reformatting
When you insert or remove a row (or column) in your table, Excel will automatically adjust the formatting:
alternate shading is kept nicely in place.
Properties group
The properties group (see figure 11 below) enables you to do two things:
The name of a table is used when you refer to cells within the table in a formula.
2. Change the size of the table
It is obvious what this control does. After you have created the pivot table, you dont
need to worry about updating the sourcerange of the pivot table anymore. If you add
data to your table, Excel automatically expands the source range of the Pivot table to
reflect your changes. Of course you still have to refresh the Pivot table to see the
results.
2. Remove Duplicates
Another new feature which has been added to Excel 2007. After clicking this control,
you are presented with a dialog with which you can select the columns that you want to
use to determine whether a row in the table is unique. (see figure 13)
Figure 14: External Table Data group on the Table Tools tab of the ribbon
This group has 5 buttons:
1. Export Data
This is in fact a combobutton. If you press it youre offered two options,
"Export Table to SharePoint List" and "Export Table to Visio PivotDiagram". What these are exactly is
beyond the scope of this article.
2. Refresh
Use this combobutton to refresh the external data in your table. If you click the arrow beneath the button,
youre offered a menu which amongst others also includes "Refresh All", with which you can refresh all
external data ranges in your file.
4. Open in Browser
If your table is a sharepoint list, this button enables you to open a browser window with that list.
5. Unlink
If your table is a sharepoint list, this button disconnects the table from the list.
Figure 15: Table Style Options group on the Table Tools tab of the ribbon
1. Header Row
When this box is unchecked, Excel removes the header row from your table. The cells of the header row
are cleared, but Excel does remember the header. If you type anything into any cell in that now empty row,
Excel will not overwrite that information when you check the box again. Instead, Excel will insert a new row
to show the header. Cells below the table are then moved down.
2. Total Row
Check this box if you want a total row below your table. Excel will automatically add a sum function below
the last column in your table.
3. Banded Rows
Check this box to get alternating shading for the rows in your table.
4. First Column
If you check this box, the first column of your table will be formatted differently from the other columns.
5. Last Column
Formats the last column of your table differently from the other columns.
6. Banded Columns
Check this box to get alternating shading for the columns in your table
Figure 16: Table Styles group on the Table Tools tab of the ribbon
Click the dropdown button to the right of the gallery to see all choices available to you. Hover over a
particular style to see what your table would look like when you click it. At the bottom of the gallery there are
two extra choices:
2. Clear
Use this to remove the table style from your table entirely. Number formats are retained.
Excel 2007
=Table1
=Table1
=Table1[[#This Row][Discount]]
=Table1[@Discount]
Heading of table
=Table1[#Headers]
=Table1[#Headers]
=Table1[#All]
=Table1[#All]
=Table1[#Totals]
=Table1[#Totals]
Because of this naming convention, you are not allowed to have more than one column inside a table with a
specific heading. As soon as you try to type a new heading that duplicates an existing one, Excel will
automatically correct the duplication by appending a number to the new column name.
A nice feature of tables is immediately shown as soon as you hit enter: your table is automatically resized to
include your formula (Excel has also made up a column heading for you) and the formula is automatically
copied down to fill the entire column alongside your data! Both actions may be undone by using the smart
tag that appears.
Question 2
Give example for mathematics using excel
This example is pretty cool because in about five minutes we'll create a calculator in Excel (albeit a very
basic one).
This calculator will use cells A5 and B5 as the parameters and will show the addition, subtraction, division
and multiplication results for those two numbers.
We'll start with the just the two parameters:
You can see that when we change the parameters (A1,A2), the result of the addition formula for our mini
calculator changes:
Let's now add the subtraction formula:
And again, when we change the parameters (A1,A2) the result changes
The formula for calculating the monthly salary is a simple multiplication formula, shown here:
We could retype the same formula with slight changes for each cell in column D
'=C3*B3' for cell D3
'=C4*B4' for cell D4
And so on.
If the list is long, this can take quite a while. Fortunately for us, there is a much faster way.
If we copy the formula from cell D2 to the entire D column, Excel will adjust the formula on each cell: the
formula on row 3 will reference cells B3 and C3, the formula on row 4 will reference cells B4 and C4 and so
on.
To copy the formula and change it automatically, do the following:
1.
Select cell D2
2.
Click on the Copy button in the Home ribbon (or press Control+C on the keyboard) to copy the cell
formula
3.
Mark cells D3 through D11 (put the mouse on cell D3, click the left mouse button and leave it
pressed, then move the mouse to cell D11 and release the mouse button)
4.
Click on the Paste button in the Home ribbon (or press Control+V on the keyboard) to paste the
formula to the cells you selected
5.
And Voila , the formula is automatically applied to all the selected cells
You can actually switch to a mode where excel displays the formulas inside the cells instead of
the formula values, shown here:
To do that, press Control+~ (this sign is called the tilde and it is located under the ESC key or above the
TAB key. Trust me, it's there).
After you've pressed Control+~ you'll have to press Control+~ again to return to 'value viewing mode'
If we use a non-numeric value as the parameter of the SQRT function, it will return #VALUE!, which
indicates that an error occurred while trying to calculate the function.
It is also important to remember that functions can be used as a part of a formula. For instance the
formula...
=1+SQRT(A1)/2
Is totally valid as shown below:
The following sheet contains the monthly sales figures for ACME Gadget Company (on a per-salesperson
basis).
To calculate the sales for Sam (the first sales man) we could use the following formula:
=B2+B3+B4+B5+B6+B7+B8+B9+B10+B11+B12+B13
Which adds the monthly sales figures for Sam from January to December. But entering this formula is very
tedious.
Fortunately for us, there is a much simpler way.
We can use the SUM function, which receives a range of cells and sums them up. So an alternative to the
previous formula will be
=SUM(B2:B13)
Which is much easier to enter and will return the same result.
As you can see, a range is a group of cells defined by the first and last cell in the group and separated by a
colon.
In the previous example we defined a range that was part of a column. But ranges aren't limited to be just
column shaped.
As you can see below, we can use a range to sum up the total sales for the month of April.
The formula for that range would be:
=SUM(B5:F5)
We can also use ranges to SUM up the entire yearly sales, by using the following formula:
=SUM(B2:F13)
As shown here:
In this case the range we used includes all the data within the rectangle which begins on cell B2 and ends
on cell F15.
* The blue rectangle is shown for illustration purposes -it doesn't appear in a normal Excel sheet.
The following formula will show us the average height of the entire kinder-garden population:
=AVERAGE(B2:B16)
As shown here...
Note
The cells in the range above (C2:C16) contained formulas and not numbers. This is a perfectly valid
situation. In fact, there are lots of times where you'll use the result of one formula as the parameter for
another formula
Excel Formula Parenthesis - Sometimes you get the wrong formula result if you don't use them
Excel is a pretty smart application. I've been using Excel intensively for a long while now and I am still
amazed by the things Excel is able to perform.
But as smart as it is, there are things it can't know.
For example, let's say you want to find the average of 3 numbers and you enter the following formula:
=2+4+6/3
Well, Excel doesn't know that you want to calculate an average and that it has to first add the first three
numbers and then divide the total by 3, which will result in the number 4 - which is the average.
Instead Excel will use what's called the 'operator order of precedence' to determine how to solve this
equation.
The 'operator order of precedence' is a complicated way to say that when excel solves a mathematical
formula, it solves the multiplication and division parts of a formula first, and only then the addition and
subtraction parts.
This means that in the case illustrated above, Excel will first divide 6 by 3, and only then add up the
numbers; it would work out something like this:
=2+4+6/3
=2+4+2
=8
And the result will be 8 rather than 4.
To specifically tell Excel in which order to solve the formula, we use parenthesis. For example:
=(2+4+6)/3
This way, Excel will first solve the addition part, and only then divide the total by 3.
So, if a formula you wrote is not producing the result you expected, see if you need to add parenthesis in
order to clarify the formula for Excel.
You calculate the return on investment by raising the interest rate by the power of the time period then
multiplying it with the original investment sum.
While showing numbers after the decimal point is certainly more precise, it also makes reading the sheet
much harder because of all those extra numbers.
One of the ways to eliminate (or reduce) the digits after the decimal point is to use the ROUNDUP(),
ROUNDDOWN() and ROUND() functions.
As you probably gathered from its name, the ROUNDUP() function will round any given number up to the
next round number.
What's interesting is that ROUNDUP() also lets round up to a specific number of decimal points. That's
done by passing the number of decimal points you want to round up to as the second parameter (0
meaning to round up to the closest whole number, 1 meaning there will be one digit after the decimal point,
and so on).
For Example:
=ROUNDUP(18.23,0) will return 19
While
=ROUNDUP(18.23,1) will return 18.3
The ROUNDDOWN() acts exactly the same way as the ROUNDUP() function except it will round the
number down to the previous round number (with a specified number of digits).
For Example:
=ROUNDDOWN(18.23,0) will return 18
And
=ROUNDDOWN(18.23,1) will return 18.2
The ROUND() function will round to the closest number (given a specific number of digits).
For example:
=ROUND(18.23,0) will return 18
While
=ROUND(18.51,0) will return 19
Note
What do you think will the function =ROUND(18.5,0) return?
Will it return 19 or will it return 18?
Open Excel and check if your answer was correct.
Excel CEILING and FLOOR functions
The FLOOR() and CEILING() function are similar to the ROUND functions but serve a slightly different
purpose.
The CEILING function receives two parameters (let's call them A and B) and returns the multiple of B that's
both closest to and larger than A.
For instance
=CEILING(10,3)
Will return 12 since 12 is the closest multiple of 3 which is also larger than 10.
Imagine you wanted to calculate how many tables you should arrange for your wedding.
You know how many people you plan to invite to the wedding. And you know that each table seats 14
people.
The following formula will reveal the answer in a blink:
=CEILING(A1,14)/14
Enter the number of invitees into cell A1 and you've got your answer.
You can reach the same result by using the following formula...
=FLOOR(A1,14)/14+1
Can you explain why?
For example, if we wanted to calculate the average of the numbers that appear in a certain range
(assuming that we didn't use the AVERAGE() function), we could use the following formula:
Note
The COUNT() function can be used to count the numbers in a column even if you don't know the what will
be the last cell in the column. This is achieved by passing the entire column as a parameter to the count
function in the following way:
=COUNT(A:A)
3.
3. Click OK
Office X/2001/XP/2003
1. Open Excel.
2. This step is dependent on the version of Excel you are using.
o
5. Click OK.
Conclusion
The conclusion that I have found is that , I am grateful to the teachers who have taught me about the use of
excel, it helped me a lot in the examination besides my work is useful even after the expiration learn where
anywhere is.