2nd century B.

C Romans traded with West Coast

13th-16th century Religious wars in Europe.
1456 Constantinople occupied by Md II ( Ottoman Turks)
15th century Spain and Portugal Powerful.
1502 Vasco Da Gama came to India, died in Cochin.
1503 Cochin declared main centre for Portuguese trade, Casa de India set
up.
7. 1509- Battle of Diu MD.Shah BEgara
8. 1510 Alburqueques treaty with Keishna Deva raya
9. 1530 Nino de Cunha shifted Portuguese capital city from Cochin to Goa.
10.1540-45 : Ryotwari system introduced in Medieval India.
11.1599- Ralf Fitch, John Mindlehall, Stevenson Akbars court.
12.1600 English East India company.
13.1603 Dutch East India Company established.
14.1611 1st English Setllement Machilipatnam.
15.1612 captain Best of the English defeated the Portuguese in the Battle of
Swallry Control of Surat.
16.1616 Dane East India Company (1845 Danes Disposed of their
settlements)
17.1620 Dutch defeated Portuguese, occupied Ormuz.
18.1622 Ambayana massacare Dutch and English.
19.1630 Courtesans of Mumtaz, Qarim Khan ( Governor of Bengal)
20.1639 Francis Day Permission from Raja of Chandragiri Chennai
21.1653 Shuja Governor of Bengal fell sic English Doctor treated him.
22.1655 Madras First Municipality.
23.1658 Fort St.George Chennai.
24.1663 Dutch occupation of Kochi.
25.1664 French East India Company established.
26.1666 French Settlement at Surat.
27.1668 Bombay as Dowry.
28.1668 Bombay Presidency Geraldin Anglier
29.1690 Job Chernok Kalikatta, Govindpur, SAtmanti improvement.
30.1690 English war with Aurangzeb.
31.1700 Fort St.William Bengal Presidency Sir Charles Iyer.
32.1700 Murshid Quli Khan, Deputy Subedar of Bengal of Aurangazeb.
33.1707 Declared Independence
34.1707 Battle of Khed Sahoo vs. Tarabai.
35.1712 1720 : 1st Peshwa BAlaji Vishwanath.
36.1717 Faruk Siyyar Golden Firmana John Surman
37.1717 defeated FAruk Siyyar, nullified Golden Firman.
38.1719 Delhi treaty Balaji Vishwanath and Syed brothers law and order in
6 Deccan Moghul subhas.
39.1720 1740 : Peshwa Baji Rao I
40.1721 State of Ayodhya (Oudh/Avadh) founded by Sadath Khan
41.1724 State of Hyderabad founded by Asaf-Jha-Nizam-Ul-Mulk.
42.1739 Baji Rao of Marathas defeated Portuguese and got SAlsettte and
Bessain.
43.1739 Mughal emperor Mohammed Shah requested Baji Rao for help against
Ahmad Shah Abdali of Persia.
44.1739 Nadir Shah Attacked Delhi.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

45.1739 1740 : SArfaraz Khan the grandson of Murshid Quli deputy Governor
Ali VArdhi Khan.
46.1740 1756 : Ali VArdhi Khan Bengal
47.1740-61 : Peshwa BAlaji Baji rao.
48.1746 Battle of SAnthome (Dupleix vs. English, Anwaruddin)
49.1749 Sahoo dies. RAmraj ( grandson of Tarabai) made ruler.
50.1751- Peshwa deposed Ramraj and himself became Chatrapati and Hyndava
Dharmo Dhrak head of confederacy
51.1751- SAlabat Jung gave Northern Circars to French.
52.1751- Battle of Arini Dupleix suspended, CHanda Sahab dies in battle.
53.1754 Treaty of Pondicherry
54.1756 63 : Third Battle of Carnatic.
55.1756-57 : Sirajuddaula
56.1756 Entered Kolkata renamed it Ali nagar.
57.20th June 1756 Blach Hole tragedy George Howell
58.1756 December Madras Government sent Admiral Watson and Col.Robert
Clive in support of the defeated Britsh.
59.1757-1813 : ist stage of colonialism-mercantile capitalism.
60.1757 Ali Nagar treaty
61.March 1757 Clives conspiracy
62.June 23, 1757 Battle of Plassey
63.1757 Battle of Chandurthi Ford vs. Bussy.
64.June 22, 1760 : WAndiwash Battle Laly vs. Coote.
65.1759 Battle of BEdara Engllish and Dutch.
66.1759 Shah Alam II, Jean Stuart Law, Zamindar Pehlwan Singh vs. English.
English victorious.
67.1760 Mir Jafar removed
68.1760 -64 : Mir Qasim
69.Jan 1761 Third Battle of Panipat.
70.1761- 1771 : CHatrapati MAdhav rao IV, received Joseph Mastyne Delegation.
71.1764 Paris treaty.
72.1764- Mir Qasim abolished custom duties for all the mechants including
Indian.
73.2nd October 1764 Batlle of Buxar.
74.1764 -65 : Mir JAfar, nawab of Bengal.
75.1765 Treaty of Allahabad.
76.1765 1772 : Nazimuddaulah last Nawab of Bengal; Dual Government.
77.1767- 69 : First Mysore War
78.1771 72 : MAdhav Rao IV killed by BHonsle
79.1774 Treaty of Varanasi Shujaddaula and Warren hastings Rohilkhand
added to Ayodhya.
80.1775 Surat treaty with Gov. of Bombay General Goddard (Bhonsle)
81.1777 Mir Qasim died in Delhi.
82.1777 Nana Phadnives signed Purandhar treaty with Gov.Gen Warren
Hastings.
83.1779 English attack MAhe form where Haider imports war technology.
84.1779 II Mysore war.
85.1779 82 : Anglo Maratha War I
86.1780 1839 : RAnjit Singh
87.1782 Salbai treaty.

88.1782 Hiader died.

89.1782 Court of Directors appointed Sir John Shore drafted the new revenue
policy
90.1784 Treaty of Magalore.
91.1790-92 : Third Anglo Mysore war.
92.1791- Sir John Shore drafted the permanent settlement on the Zamindari
system which was approved by court of Directors and Michael Dundus, the
pres. Of Board of Control and P.M.William Pitt the younger.
93.1792 Treaty of Sri rangapatnam.
94.1793 Gov.Gen Lord Cornwallis introduced the system in Bengal, Bihar and
Orissa. Later it was extended to Varanasi division U.P and North Cauvery
delta in Madras Presidency. It altogether covered 19% of total land under
cultivation.
95.1797 Ranjeet Singh supported Zaman Shah of Persia when he attacked
Delhi.
96.1798 Nawab Nizam Ali became 1st Indian to sign Subsidiary Alliance system
of Lord Wellesly.
97.1798-99 : Forth Mysore war
98.1798 Peshwa MAdhav rao committed suicide.
99.1800 Nana Phadnavis died.
100.
1800 Last Peshwa Baji Rao II killed brother of Jaswant Rao HOlkar
with the support of Daulat Rao Sindhia.
101.
1802 Ryotwari system introduced by Thomas Munroe. The principal
collector of the ceded districts and Col.Reed in the BAramal district of the
Madras Presidency . The same system was extended all over Madras
Presidency, Bombay Presidency and Assam.
102.
1803 Sindhias and Bhonsles declared war upon Peshwa.
103.
1803 Ranjeeth Singh defeated the confederacy of Misldars in the
Battle of Basith.
104.
1804 Gaikwads signed the Subsidiary Alliance system. Revolted
against British Revenue policy and died in the fight.
105.
1805 Veluthambi, the Diwan of Tranvancore
106.
1806 Sepoy Mutiny in Vellore Tipus family deported to Kolkata.
107.
1809 Amritsar treaty was signed between Ranjeeth Singh and
Governor Genreal Minto.
108.
1813 1858 Second stage Industrial Capitalism
109.
1813 Mahalwari system introduced in GUjarath, Agra and the Central
Provinces by Col. Bird.
110.
1815 Brahmo Sabha founded by Ram Mohan Roy in Kolkata ,
Nirgunopasana.
111.
1818 Anglo Maratha war III
112.
1829 Gov.Gen William Bentick with Regulation XVII.
113.
1832 Gov.Gen William Bentick suspended the admn of Wodeyars and
annexed Mysore.
114.
1832 Ranjeeth Sigh, GOv.Gen William Bentick, Prince Shuja vs. DOst
Mohammed.
115.
1832-33 : GAnjam famine
116.
March 5, 1835 : Thomas BAbbington Macaulay Macaulay Minute
117.
1839 1st Grand Trunk road was completed between Kolkata and Delhi.

118.
1839 1st Political Party Dwarakanath Tagore Bengal Landholders
society
119.
120.
1840 Parmahans MAndali, Bombay. Gopal Hari Deshmukh, known
popularly as Lokhitawadi, who wrote in Marathi, made rationalistic attacks
against Hinduism.
121.
1840 Hardinge introduced Forest laws.
122.
1843 Brahmo SAmaj Devendranath Tagore.
1866 Brahmo Samaj Keshub Chandra Sen
Worship of one God, teachings of Vedas, Upanishads ( even though they
are repudiated by Brahmo SAmaj)
Denied the need for a priestly class
Opposed to the Brahmanical system
1878 Saddharmo Brahmo Samaj Anand Mohan, S.S.Chipulankar.
123.
1845 1846 : First Anglo Sikh war.
124.
1846 Lahore treaty
125.
1848 Satara occupied.
126.
1851 Rehnumai Mazdayasan Sabha or Religious Reform Association
started by Naoroji Furdonji, Dadabhai Naoroji, S.S.Bengalee and others.
127.
1852 Steamers
128.
1853 Railways
129.
1854 Posts and telegraphs
130.
1856 Bal Gangadhar born.
Graduation from Bombay University.
1880s New English Schools (fergussen College)
Maharatta, Kesari (edited it from 1889)
1893 using GAnpati festical
1895 Shivaji festival
1897 18 months rigorous imprisonment.
131.
1856- Nawab Wazid Ali suspended by Goc.Gen Dalhousie on the
grounds of maladministration.
132.
1857 Underground cable network.
133.
1857 result for Muslims Almost 27000 Muslims hanged.
134.
1860 Levy of Income started
135.
1861 Indian Councils Act, Indian Judiciary Act, Inidian Executive Act.
136.
1863 Muhammedan Literary society, Abdool Lateef, Kolkata
encouraged upper and middle class Muslims to take to Western Education.
137.
1866 East India Association, London. DAdabai Nauroji. (1825 Indias
first economic thinker, thrice elected as President of Indian National
Congress). 1881 an everlasting, increasing and everyday increasing foreign
invasion..utterly thoroughly destroying the country. Pray Strike on the
back but dont strike on the belly. He starves in peace and perishes in peace,
with law and order.
138.
1867 Prarthna SAmaj Atmaram Pandurang, Bombay.
Preached worship of one God
Tried to free religion of caste orthodoxy and priestly domination.
R.G.Bhandarkar famous Sanskrit scholar and Historian

Mahadev Govind ranade(1842-1901)

ITs activities spread to South India because of Viresalingam.
Contemporary Gopal Ganesh Agarkar criticized any blind dependence
on tradition or false glorification of Indias past.
139.
1868 Japan development universal primary education and evolved
an efficient administration.
140.
1870 Poona Sarvajanik Sabha Justice Ranade.
141.
1870 Ranade joined Prarthna Samaj.
142.
1872 Indian Native Marriage Act.
143.
1875 Muhammedan Anglo-oriental college Syed Ahmad kahn center for spreading western sciences and culture. Later this college grew in
to the Aligarh Muslim University.
SAyyid Ahmad Khan (1817 98)
Practical morality
Opposed to communal friction
In favour of raising womens status in society and advocated removal
of purdah and spread of education among women.
Condemned customs of polygamy and easy divorce.
Aligarh school Urdu poet Altaf HUssain Hali, Nazir Ahmad, Maulana
Shibli Nomani.
1880s gave up earlier views and declared that political interests of
Hindus and Muslims were not the same but different and even
divergent.
HE decided to oppose INC by allying with Raja Shiva Prasad of
Varanasi.
144.
1875-80 : Richard Strachi committee stated that there theres no
chance of 50% of the rural Indian peasentry recovering from the debt trap
during 1875-1880.
145.
1875 Arya samaj Swai Dayanand Saraswati
Vedas considered infallible, being inspired by the word of God, but given a
rationalistic interpretation.
Opposed to idolatory, ritual and priesthood, prevalent caste practices and
popular Hinduism as preached by Brahmanism.
Favored study of western sciences.
Fought untouchability and rigidities of hereditary caste system.
One of objectives prevent conversion of Hindus in to other religions.
Met and had discussions with Keshub Chandra sen, Vidyasagar, Ranade
and Gopal Hari Deshmukh.
The ideas of Arya Samaj with its Sunday meeting resembled the practices
of Brahmo Samaj and Prarthna Samaj.
1902 Gurukul near Hardwar, Swami Shradhananda
Lala HAnsraj, Lajapt rai western Education, Anglo Mohammedan Oriental
College, Lahore.
146.
Muhammad Iqbal 1876 to 1938)
Condemned resignation, contemplation and quiet contentment
A Humanist

 Nothing more sinful than passive acceptance.

Later he encouraged Muslim separatism.
147.
1876 -Indian Association, Calcutta Surendranath Banerjee (began
Public career in 1875)and Anand Mohan Bose.
Low membership fees.
Creating strong public opinion.
Unification of people on a common political programme.
148.
1878 Vernacular Press act, Indian Arms Act. Lyttons time 5% duties
abolished.
149.
After 1880s Dufferin hospitals efforts were made to make modern
medicine and child delivery techniques available to Indian women.
150.
1882 Gov.Gen Ripon restored Mysore to Wodeyars.
151.
1884 Madras Mahajan Sabha - M.Viraraghavachari, G.Subramaniya
Iyer , Anandacharlu and others.
152.
1884 Deccan Education Society Pune, Ranade, Gopal Ganesh
Agarkar, D.K.Devdhar.
153.
1884 Indian National Social Conference Justice RAnade.
154.
1885 Bombay Presidency Association Pherozshah Mehta, Badruddin
Tyabji, K.T.Telang and others.
155.
December 1885 Indian National Congress 72 delegates,
W.C.Banerjee. ( safety valve, lightening conductor. Viceroy Dufferin.
Promotion of friendly relations between nationalist political workers from
different parts of the country
Development and consolidation of feeling of national unity
Formulation of popular demands and their presentation before the
government
Training and organizing public opinion.
1886 436 delegates elected by different local organizations and groups
1885 1892 : Demanded expansion and reform of Legislative councils.
Meet every year in December.
1886 Nauroji as president declared that Congress would take up only
national questions and would not deal with religious and social matters.
1887 Dufferin, public speech microscopic minority of people. Disloyal
babus, seditious Brahmins, violent villains, factory of sedition.
1889 Congress adopted the principle that it would not take up any
proposal which was considered harmful to the Muslims delegates to the
congress.
1889 British Committee of INC founded.
1890 started a journal called India.
1890 first woman graduate of Calcutta University KAdambini Ganguly
addressed the congress session.
1892 Councils act. Councils expanded, some Elected (indirectly elected)
Indian Members, failure to demand for a larger political base (right to vote
for masses)
1897 the moral elevation which every self-governing people feel cannot
be felt by us.

1897 Bombay government arrested TIlak and other leaders and

newspaper editors for spreading disaffectstion with the government.
Sentenced to long prison terms. Natu brothers deported without trail.
1900 Congress tottering to its fall. Curzon.
Some Early Congress Presidents Nauroji, Tyabji, Pherozshah Mehta,
P.Ananda Charlu, Surendranath BAnerjee, Romesh Chandra Dutt, Anand
Mohan Bose and Gopal Krishna Gokhale.
Other prominent congress leaders Sisir Kumar and Motilal Ghose, Madan
Mohan Malaviya, G.Subramanya Iyer, C.Vijayaraghava Chariar, DInsha E.
WAcha.
156.
1886 Theosophical society Madam H.P.Blavatsky and Colonel
H.S.Olcott, Adayar near Madras.
First set up in United States
1893 Annie Beasent.
Advocated revival and strengthening of the ancient religions of Hinduism,
Zoroastrianism and Buddhism.
Transmigration
Preached universal brotherhood of man.
Establishment of Central hindu school at Benares which was later
developed by Madan Mohan Malaviya in to the Benares Hindu University.
157.
Early 1890s anti-cow slaughter propaganda undertaken.
158.
1896 Students in Poona and other towns of Maharashtra publicly
burnt foreign clothes as part of larger Swadeshi campaign.
159.
1896 1900 : famine, over 90 lakhs dead.
160.
1896 defeat of Italian army by Ethiopians
161.
1897 Natu brothers deported, Tilak and other editors arrested.
162.
1897 Chapekar brothers assassinated the unpopular British officials
in Poona.
163.
1897 Ramakrishna Mission Swami Vivekananda, Kolkata
Ramakrishna Paramahamsa(1834 86) traditional ways of renunciation,
meditation and devotion(bhakti) ; lived with mystics of other faiths,
Muslims and Christians; many roads to God and salvation; service of man
was service of God; man embodiment of God.
Swami Vivekananda ( 1863 1902) stressed social action
Knowledge unaccompanied by action is useless.
1898 For our own motherland a junction of the two great systems,
Hinduism and Islamis the only hope
Subscribed to Vedanta, considered it a fully rational system.
Remedy is getting back in to the current of the rest of the world.
Motion is the sign of life. Dont touchists
My God the poor of all races
IF there is a sin in the world it is weakness, weakness is sin, weakness
is death
164.
1898 A law was passed making it an offence to excite feelings of
disaffection towards the foreign government.
165.
1899 number of members in the Calcutta corporation reduced.
Curzon completely officialised Calcutta corporation

166.
1904 Indian Universities Act, Official secrets act.
167.
1904 V.D.SAvarkar organized Abhinava Bharat a secret society of
revolutionaries.
168.
1905 Russo Japanese war
169.
1905 Demand for self-government by Gokahle; 1906 same demand
by Nauroji.
170.
1905 Bengal Partition
20 June Curzon gave the order.
6 Dec 1904 Risley Home secretary, Bengal united is a power. Bengal
divided will pull in several different ways.
Anti partition movement early stages moderates Surendranath
Banerjee, Krishna Kumar Mitra.
1905 Partition criticized by Gopal Krishna Gokhale in Congress session
7 Aug 1905 anti partition movement initiated massive demonstration
against the partition was organized in the Town Hall in Calcutta.
16 Ocotber partition took effect day of national mourning in Bengal.
Ceremony of Raksha Bandhan.
Ananda Mohan Bose laid the foundation of a Federation Hall to mark the
indestructible unity of Bengal.
Swadeshi and Boycott.
Atmasakthi self reliance
Acharya P.c.Ray Bharatiya Chemical Swadeshi stores.
Passive resistance along with Swadeshi and Boycott.
Aurobindo Ghose To make the administration under present conditions
impossible., Political Freedom is the life breath of a nation.
Failed to reach the real masses of the country.
RAjani Kant Sen, Syed Abu mohammed, Mukund das poets and song
writers.
April 1906 police assault on the peaceful delegates of the Bengal
Provincial Conference at Barisal.
15 Aug 1906 National council of Education set up.
1907 Lala Lajpat rai and Ajit Singh had been deported following riots in
the canal colonies of Punjab.
December 1907 attempt made on life of Lieutenant Governor of Bengal
April 1908 Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki threw a bomb at a carriage
which they believed was occupied by Kingsford, the unpopular Jugje at
Muzzarfarpur. Prafulla Chaki shot himself dead while Khudiram bose was
tried and hanged.
December 1908 nine Bengal leaders including Krishna Kumar Mitra and
Ashwini Kumar Dutt were deported.
1908 Tilak given a term of 6 years imprisonment.
National college with Aurobindo as principal.
Chidaram Pillai in Madras and Gadicharla Harsarvottam Rao and others in
Andhra Pradeshwere put behind bars.
Participation of women in movement.
Muslim leaders

 Abdul Rasul the famous barrister

Liaquat Hussain popular agitator
Guznavi the businessman
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad revolutionary terrorist groups.
NAwab of Dhaka 14 lakh by the GOI him and followers supported
partition
BAnde MAtarm singing it in public streets in East Bengal banned, Public
meetings restricted, Laws controlling the Press.
171.
1906 Dadabai Nauroji elected as President of INC. self-gvernment or
Swaraj like that of the Unied Kingdom and the colonies.
172.
1906 All India Muslim League Aga Khan, the Nawab of Dhaka and
Nawab MOhsin-ul-Mulk.
173.
1907 Surat Split.
174.
August 1907 2 Indians K.G.Gupta and Syed Hussain Bilgrami were
made memebers of the Secreatary of States India council
175.
24 March 1909 Satyendranath Sinha was appointed member of the
Viceroys Executive council.
176.
1909 reforms ineffectual out of the 68 members of the imperial
legislative council, 36 were officials and 5 were nominated non-officials. Of
the 27 elected members, 6 were to represent the big landlords and 2 the
British capitalists.
177.
1909 Punjab Hindu Sabha was formed
Opposed Congress anti-imperialist policies.
Lal Chand a Hindu first, an Indian later
178.
1911 Government announced the annulmentof Partition of Bengal.
Western and eastern Bengals were to be reunited while a new province
consisting of Bihar and Orissa was to be created. At the same time the seat of
the central Government was shifted from Calcutta to Delhi.
179.
1911 war between Ottoman Empire and Italy.
180.
1912-13 : Balkan wars. Medical mission to Turkey headed by
M.A.Ansari.
181.
1912 Al Hilal brought out by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad at the age of
24.
Its publication suppressed by the government as also, the publication of
Comrade, paper of Maulana mohammed Ali.
182.
1913 Criminal Law(Amendment) Act 0f 1913.
183.
1913 Indian revolutionaries in U.S.A and Canada established the Gdar
Party.
Lala HAr DAyal
Mohammed Barkatullah
Bhagwan Singh
Ram Chandra
Sohan Singh Bakhna
Baba Gurumukh singh
Kartar Singh Saraba
RAhmat ali shah
Bhai Parmanand

Revolutionary activities outside India Rash Bihari Bose, Raja Mahendra

Pratap, Lala HArdayal, Abdul Rahim, Maulana Obaidullah Sindhi,
Champakaraman Pillai, SArdar Singh Rana, Madame cama.
Party built around the paper Gadar with masthead Angrezi raj ka
Dushman
700 men of the 5th Light infantry at Singapore revolted under the
leadership of Jamadar Chisti Khan and Subedar Dubey Khan. 37 publicly
executed, 41 were transported for life.
1915 during an unsuccessful revolutionary attempt, Jatin Mukherjee
populary known as bhaga Jatin gave his life fighting a battle with the
police at Balasore.
21 Feb 1915 date fixed for rebellion, 12 men of 23 rd cavalry executed, 42
hanged, 114 transported for life, 93 sentenced to long terms of
imprisonment.
Many of them after their release, founded the Kirti and communist
movements in the Ounjab.
184.
1914 Tilak released from Prison
185.
1914 Internment of Ali brothers Maulana Mohammed Ali and Shukat
ali. Hasrat Mohani and Abul Kalam Azad also interned.
186.
1915 Defence of india Act.
187.
April, 1915 First session of All Inida Hindu Mahasabha President ,
Maharaja of Kasim Bazar.
188.
1915-16 : Home Rule movement by Tilak, Annie Beasent and
S.Subramaniya Iyer.
1917 Annie Beasent arrested. Released in September of same year doe
to popular pressure.
189.
1916 Alienness is certainly not concerned with white or black skin or
religion Tilak.
190.
1916 Lucknow session of the Congress.
Congress reunited
Congress and the Muslim league put up common political demands before
the government Lucknow pact. Important role played by Tilak and
Jinnah. It accepted the pernicious principles of separate eloctorates.
191.
Pandita RAmabai founded Vidva Vivaha Mandals ( Widow Remarriage
associations) in Bombay Presidency.
Poona Seva SAdan.
Along with Maharshi D.K.Karve 1st Woman University Mahila
Vidyalay in Pune 1916.
192.
November 1917 Bolshevik party led by Lenin overthrew the czarist
regime. Renounced its rights in China oand other parts of Asia and gave an
equal status to Asian nationalities within its borders.
193.
July 1918 Montague CHlemsford reforms announced. Edwin Montagu
Secretary of State, Chelmsford Viceroy.
August 1918 The Indian National Congress met in a special session
under the presidentship of Hasn Imam to consider the reform proposals.
Some members left the party and formed liberal Federation under
Surendranath Banerjee. They were in favour of accepting the proposals.

194.
1918 women marched in political processions, picketed shops, selling
foreign cloth and liquor etc.
195.
1919 Government of India Act
41 nominated members in a total strength of 144.
Upper house Council of states 26 nominated and 34 elected members.
In 1920 the total number of voters was 909,874 for the lower house and
17,364 for the upper house.
196.
March 1919 Rowlatt Act formed though every single Inida member
of the Central legislative council opposed it. The Act would enable the
Government to suspend the right of habeas corpus.
197.
1919 Gandhian Era.
nd
2 October 1869 birth of Gandhi.
South Africa experience Indians in South Africa denied the right to vote.
Had to register and pay the poll tax. Could not reside exept in prescribed
locations which were insanitary and congested. The Asians as also the
Africans could not stay out of doors after 9.pm nor could they use
footpaths.
1893 1914 : Gandhis struggle in South Africa.
Where there is only a choice between cowardice and violence, I would
advise violence.
HE would not separate thought and practice, beleief and action.
1915 returned to India age 46.
1916 Sabarmathi ashram.
1917 Champaran Bihar
Peasants compelled to grow indigo in 3/20 th of their land and sell it at
prices fixed by the planters. (1859 61 : similar problem in Bengal
peasents had won freedom from planters)
Accompanied by Babu Rajendra, MAhzar-ul-Haq, J.B.Kripalani, Narahari
Parekh and MAhadev Desai.
Committee of enquiry formed with Gandhi as a member, difficulties of
peasants reduced.
1918 Ahmedabad mill Strike
Procured 35% increase in wages for the mill workers.
1918 Kheda Satyagraha
Crops failed in Kheda District in GUjarath.
Struggle withdrawn when it was learnt that the government ad issued
nstructions that revenue should be recovered only from those peasents
who could afford to pay.
Sardar Patel one of the followers who joined Gandhi.
1919 Gandhi founded the Satyagraha Sabha whose members took an
oath to disobey the act and court imprisonment.
6 April gave a call for a mighty hartal.
13 April 1919 Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr.Satyapal arrested, people
gathered to show protest, massacred by General Dyer.
Thrace taken away from Turkey in spite of promises (made by Lloyd
George the British Premier) that said otherwise.

All India Khilafat committee formed under the leadership of Maulana

AzadAli and Shaukat Ali, Hakim Ajmal Khan and HAsarat mohani.
November 1919 The All-India Khilafat conference held at Delhi decided
to withdraw all cooperation from the government if their demands were
not met.
June 1920 All Party conference met at Allahabad and approved a
programme of boycott of schools, colleges and law courts.
1st August 1920 Tilak passes away.
31 August 1920 The Khilafat Committee launched a non-cooperation
movement.
September 1920 Congress special session in Kolkata
December 1920 Congress session in nagapur boycott resolution
Changes made in constitution
Provincial committees reorganized on the basis of linguistic areas.
Congress now to be led by a Working Committee f 15 members
including the President and the secretaries.
Membership fees reduced to 4 annas per year.
Jinnah, G.S.Khaprade, BIpin Chandra pal and Annie Beasent
prominent leaders who left Congress during this period.
1921 and 1922 : Jamia Millia Islamia (National Muslim University) of
Aligarh, Bihar Vidhyapet, Kashi Vidyapith and Gujarath Vidhyapith.
The jamia Millia later shifted to Delhi. Acharya narendra Dev, Dr.Zakir
hussain and Lala Lajapat Rai some of the distinguished teachers.
Chittaranjan Das (Deshbandhu), Motilal Nehru, Rajendra Prasad,
SAifiddun Kitchlew, C.Rajagopalachari, Sardar Patel, T.Prakasam and
Asaf Ali gave up lucrative practices.
July 1921 All India Khilafat Committee passed a resolution declaring that
no Muslim should serve in the British Army.
In Spetember the Ali brothers were arrested for sedition.
November 1921 huge demonstrations greeted the Prince of wales, heir
to the British throne, during his tour of India.
Bombay attempt at suppressing the movement by killing 53 persons.
Ahmedabad 1921 resolution for continuation of the movement.
Akali movement in Punjab.
Assam tea plantation workers went on strike
Midnapore peasents refused to pay Union Board taxes.
Guntur dt. Chirala no tax campaign Duggirala Gopala Krishnaiah.
Peddanandipadu municipal officers resigned.
1 February 1922 announcement for mass civil disobedience movement.
5 Feb Chauri Chaura movement suspended. 12 Feb resolution given
to stop all activites which would break the law.
198.
1920s When the trade union and kisan movements arose, women
were often found on the forefront.
199.
1920 Akali movement against gurudwara Mahants.
200.
1921- satyagraha against the mahants
201.
1922 Gurudwara Act, amended in 1925.

202.
1922 Bihar and Orissa village Administration Act.
203.
1923 elections Swarajists won an absolute majority in the central
provinces Council and constitutes the single largest party in Bengal and some
other provinces.
204.
1923 Bombay Local Boards Act.
205.
1923 Calcutta Municipal Act
206.
1923 Bombay Primary Education Act.
207.
1923 Madras State Aid to Industries Act.
208.
1926 Madras Religious Endowment Act.
209.
1927 All India Womens conference was founded.
210.
1930 Ahrar movement Maulana Mohmad ali, Hakim Ajmal Khan,
Hasan Imam, Maulana Zafar Ali Khan and mazhar ul- haq.
211.
1931 Karachi session of Congress Socialism declared as goal.
212.
1932 Pak idea 1st figured in RTC led by permanent Vice Chairman of
ML, Asaf Ali ( Green Book ideology)
213.
1932 CDM called off.
214.
1933 British Parliament published white paper based on RTC talks,
basis for 1935 Act.
215.
1934 Wardha session CWC session decision to go for land reforms.
216.
1934 All India Mill Workers agitation
217.
1937 - Elections
218.
1937 Several women became miisters or parliamentary secretaries in
the popular ministers.
219.
1938 Allahabad session of ML supported idea of Pakistan.
220.
1939 Violent communism phaseenure as Congress President,
youngest as well.
221.
1940 -46 : Maulana Azad longest
222.
21 March 1940 Lahore session of ML passed resolution demanding
Pak on basis of 2-Nation Theory.
223.
August 1940 set of proposals August offer Gov.Gen Linlithgow.
224.
August 1942 Bombay session Quit India resolution
Praja Sarkar in Baliya district of UP Chintu Pandey
MOnghyer Sarat Chandra
Nana Patel _ SAtara
225.
1944 June C.R.Formula
226.
1945 U.K.Elections Climont Atlee came to power (Labour Party)
227.
1945 elections India
228.
1946 Bombay riots last protest Kochin, Kandla and Karachi
229.
1946 Jan PM Atlee announced an all Party delegation would visit India
230.
1946FEb All Prty Delegation visited India and recommended
transfer of power.
231.
1946 Cabinet mission A.V.Alexander (Chairman, Labor), Pethick
Lawrence(Labor), Cripps Stafford Conservative., came in May 1946,
announced recommendations in June 1946.
232.
16 August 1946 Direct Action Day.
233.
Sptember 13, 1948 Union Government conducted police action under
Operation Polo led by J.N.Choudary.
234.
September 18, 1948 Mir Osman surrendered
235.
1955 The Hindu Marriage act.

236.
1956 The Hindu succession act.
237.
British administration took away judicial functions of caste panchayats.
238.
Social conference
239.
Jyotibha Pule was the first to open several schools for girls of the
lower castes
240.
Dr.B.R.Ambedkar All India Scheduled Castes federation. Several other
leaders All India Depressed Classes Association.
241.
Kerala Sri Narayan Guru One religion, one caste and one God for
mankind