Swell Noise Solution

CGGVeritas algorithm FXEDIT.

FX domain noise attenuation routine.
User specified spatial, time & frequency gates transformed to the FX
domain.
Frequency components within the gates are flagged as bad if their
amplitudes are a user specified amount greater than the median amplitude
of the gate.
Frequency components that are flagged are zeroed & replaced with signals
constructed by an FX projection filter.
The emphasis here is that only flagged frequencies are dealt with, and that
they are dealt with in the FX domain ie both frequency and amplitude
are used in conjunction to identify the noise safely.
Seismic interference is caused by the recording of shots fired by other acquisition vessels
on seismic data. The resulting noise packets can become complicated if they are
observed over long distances as they can exhibit dispersion and multi-modes, depending
upon the water depth. A number of techniques can be used to suppress seismic
interference, including:
If the coordinates of the noise source are known, then it can be easily modelled
and subtracted.
-p domain extraction of the noise and its adaptive subtraction can work well for
predominately head-to-tail or tail-to-head noise.
De-spike approaches based on XWAVE and FXEDIT applied in a domain in
which the noise is randomised.
Noise Problem
Linear noise/direct arrivals preventing the use of longer offset information
for:
Far angle stacks
General wider angle AVO attributes
Improved fold
Anisotropy parameterisation (Eta, Epsilon & Delta
derivation)
General acquisition related linear noise such as screw noise.
Linear Noise Solution
CGGVeritas algorithm XRLIN performs a constrained higher resolution
linear transform of the input shots into the Tau-p domain. Noise and
primaries are thus distinguished from one another based on their
respective dips. This transformation gives a better focussed picture of
events in Tau-p when compared against more typical least square or direct
summation transformations. This superior focussing of events provides
clearer separation between primary & noise hence leading to safer noise
subtraction.

This technique is able to resist spatial aliasing issues, which would

typically cause problems for more conventional FK style methods. As
such it is particularly suited to direct arrival elimination within the shots.

Noise Problem
Noise reflected back, or generated from, passing vessels (non seismic
vessels) generating localised non-predictable noise bursts within the shots.
Noise Solution 1
Forward Wavelet transform (X-wave) to split the data into a number of
overlapping frequency bands (voices)
Use amplitude discrimination techniques within specific voices ie both
amplitude and frequency are used in conjunction to distinguish the noise
from the primary data.
Re-construct the data using the inverse transform.
Wavelet transform splits the data in terms of time & frequency
simultaneously (traditional Fourier transform splits signals in time &
frequency but separately) ie frequency decomposition preserving both
spatial & temporal information.
Noise Problem
Seismic interference generated by passing seismic vessels generating
coherent noise trends within the shots.
Noise Problem
Noise reflected back from stationary objects (rigs) generating localised
predictable noise bursts within the shots.
Noise Solution (External Noise X/Y Modelling)
Build a model of the noise using the real world coordinates of the noise
generator & the shot/receivers.
Subtract this model from the input data
If X/Y coordinates not known then model can be predicted from the
timing & positioning of the noise on shots themselves.