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11
31
14
9
18
+2
1
2
+1
0
electrical to chemical
chemical to electrical
mechanical to chemical
chemical to mechanical
mechanical to electrical
Zn Zn2+ + 2e
Zn2+ + 2e Zn
Zn2+ + Cu Zn + Cu2+
Zn + Cu2+ Zn2+ + Cu
two of these
Cr3+(aq) Cr(s)
6
2
10
4
3
7. A strip of copper is placed in a 1 M solution of copper nitrate and a strip of silver is placed in a 1 M
solution of silver nitrate. The two metal strips are connected to a voltmeter by wires and a salt bridge
connects the solutions. The following standard reduction potentials apply:
Ag+(aq) + e Ag(s)
E = +0.80 V
Cu2+(aq) + 2e Cu(s)
E = +0.34 V
When the voltmeter is removed and the two electrodes are connected by a wire, which of the following
does not take place?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Electrons flow in the external circuit from the copper electrode to the silver electrode.
The silver electrode increases in mass as the cell operates.
There is a net general movement of silver ions through the salt bridge to the copper half-cell.
Negative ions pass through the salt bridge from the silver half-cell to the copper half-cell.
Some positive copper ions pass through the salt bridge from the copper half-cell to the silver halfcell.
911.
Pt
Cr
0.50 M Br2
0.20 M Cr3+
0.10 M Br
The standard reduction potentials are as follows:
Cr3+ + 3e Cr(s)
E = 0.73 V
Br2(aq) + 2e 2Br
E = +1.09 V
1.82 V
0.36 V
4.75 V
1.79 V
4.40 V
2.21 V
1.76 V
2.12 V
1.88 V
0.59 V
12. The galvanic cell described by Zn(s) Zn2+(aq) Cu2+(aq) Cu(s) has a standard cell potential of 1.101
volts. Given that Zn(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2e has an oxidation potential of 0.762 volts, determine the
reduction potential for Cu2+.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
1.863 V
1.863 V
0.339 V
0.339 V
none of these
13. The reduction potentials for Au3+ and Ni2+ are as follows:
Au3+ + 3e Au
E = +1.50 V
Ni2+ + 2e Ni
E = 0.23 V
5.00 102 kJ
+5.00 102 kJ
2140 kJ
+1.00 103 kJ
1.00 103 kJ
14. For a reaction in a voltaic cell both H and S are positive. Which of the following statements is true?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
15. A fuel cell designed to react grain alcohol with oxygen has the following net reaction:
C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)
The maximum work one mole of alcohol can yield by this process is 1320 kJ. What is the theoretical
maximum voltage this cell can achieve?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
0.760 V
1.14 V
2.01 V
2.28 V
13.7 V
Ni
Ag
1.0 M HCl
AgCl(s)
16. Calculate E at 25C for the cell shown above, given the following data:
Ag+ + e Ag(s)
E = 0.80 V
Ni2+ + 2e Ni(s)
E = 0.23 V
0.83 V
0.54 V
1.01 V
2.98 V
cannot be determined from the data given
18. A galvanic cell consists of a left compartment with a tin electrode in contact with 0.1 M Sn(NO 3)2(aq)
and a right compartment with a lead electrode in contact with 1 103 M Pb(NO3)2(aq). The relevant
reduction potentials are:
Pb2+ + 2e Pb
E = 0.13 V
Sn2+ + 2e Sn
E = 0.14 V
When this cell is allowed to discharge spontaneously at 25C, which of the following statements is true?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
10203
1034
1068
10203
none of these
20. Suppose that in starting a car on a cold morning a current of 125 amperes is drawn for 15.0 seconds
from a cell of the type described above. How many grams of Pb would be consumed? (The atomic
weight of Pb is 207.19.)
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
8.05
2.01
0.0180
0.0360
4.02
2.57 10105
3.89 10105
5.9 107
1.7 108
None of these is within 5% of the correct answer.
+1.69
+1.46
22. If oxidation of H2O occurs at the anode, how many moles of oxygen gas will evolve for every 1.00 102
grams of Cr(s) deposited?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
2.88
0.48
11.5
7.7
1.44
23. If the current is 10.0 amperes, how long will it take to deposit 100 102 grams of Cr(s) onto the bumper?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
10.3 h
1.29 days
309 min
76.3 s
2 mo, 25 days, 14 h, and 6 s
24. Copper is electroplated from CuSO4 solution. A constant current of 4.00 amp is applied by an external
power supply. How long will it take to deposit 1.00 102 g of Cu? The atomic mass of copper is 63.546.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
21.1 h
10.0 min
1.60 days
11.2 s
2.91 h
25. What quantity of charge is required to reduce 40.0 g of CrCl 3 to chromium metal? (1 faraday = 96,485
coulombs)
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
2.45 104 C
7.31 104 C
2.20 105 C
9.65 104 C
none of these
26. A solution of MnO42 is electrolytically reduced to Mn3+. A current of 8.64 amp is passed through the
solution for 15.0 minutes. What is the number of moles of Mn3+ produced in this process? (1 faraday =
96,486 coulombs)
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
0.0806
0.0403
0.0201
0.0269
0.778
27. How many seconds would it take to deposit 21.40 g of Ag (atomic mass = 107.87) from a solution of
AgNO3 using a current of 10.00 amp?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
9649 s
4825 s
3828 s
1914 s
604 s
Ti
b)
Sc
c)
Ti
d)
Ar
29. An unstable isotope of rhenium, 191Re, has a half-life of 9.8 minutes and is a beta producer. What is the
other product of the reaction?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
191
Os
W
192
Pt
190
W
190
Os
191
b)
c)
Mo
d)
Mo
e)
Zr
31. The rate constant for the beta decay of thorium-234 is 2.88 102/day. What is the half-life of this
nuclide?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
53.1 days
1.22 days
0.693 days
24.1 days
101 days
Li
b)
c)
Li
d)
e)
33. ]Consider a certain type of nucleus that has a half-life of 32 min. Calculate the percent of original
sample of nuclides remaining after 3.0 hours have passed.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
98.0%
67%
3.2%
2.0%
1.4%
34. The number of half-lives needed for a radioactive element to decay to about 6% of its original activity is
(choose nearest number):
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
2
3
4
5
6
36. A radioactive sample has an initial activity of 2.00 106 cpm (counts per minute), and after 4.0 days, its
activity is 9.0 105 cpm. What is its activity after 40 days?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
4.5 cpm
6.8102 cpm
9.0104 cpm
5.5103 cpm
none of these
37. If a tree dies and the trunk remains undisturbed for 13,750 years, what percentage of original 14C is still
present? (half-life of 14C = 5730 years)
a)
b)
c)
d)
5.20%
19.0%
2.20%
45.0%
38. The ratio of the decay rates at t = 0 to t = 3.0 h is 4.0. The value of the rate constant for this process is:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
2.2 h1
4.6 101 h1
1.6 h1
3.0 h1
none of these
13.992
amu
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
He
4.0015
amu
16.9986
amu
H
1.0073
amu
He
4.002603
H
16.999133
1.007825
41. The smallest amount of radioactive material that will support a self-sustained reaction is called the
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
molar mass.
moderator.
supercritical mass.
subcritical mass.
critical mass.
42. Determine the amount of energy needed to decompose one mole of iron-56 nuclei.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
3.47 1011 J
8.47 1011 J
8.90 1011 J
1.13 1014 J
7.75 1013 J
carbon
oxygen
hydrogen
copper
silicon
Cs
Rb
K
Na
all are equally metallic
Be
Mg
Ca
Sr
Ba
49. Choose the metal with the largest first ionization energy.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Na
Mg
Al
K
Ca
50. Which group shows the correct order of first ionization energy?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Na > P > Cl
Cs > Na > K
K > Ca > Ge
Cs < Rb < Na
Al > Si > P
51. The ion that aluminum is most likely to form is isoelectronic with:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Ar
Na
Ne
Mg
none of these
52. Which of the following metals has the highest melting point?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Na
Mg
Al
Ca
K
53. Choose the element that is the strongest reducing agent in aqueous solution.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Li
Na
K
Rb
Cs
54. Which of the following is the second most abundant (by mass) element in the earth's crust, oceans, and
atmosphere?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
hydrogen
oxygen
carbon
aluminum
silicon
55. Ionic hydrides are formed when hydrogen combines with elements from:
I.
II.
III.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Group 1A
Group 2A
Group 3A
I, II, and III
I and II
I and III
II and III
none of these
56. __________ are formed when hydrogen combines with other nonmetals.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
covalent hydrides
nonmetallic hydrides
active hydrides
interstitial hydrides
ionic hydrides
57. Choose the metal that is produced by electrolysis of its molten chloride salt.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Mg
Ca
Sr
Ba
all of these
58. Order the following bonds from highest to lowest bond energy: carboncarbon, siliconsilicon, silicon
oxygen.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
C C, Si Si, Si O
Si O, C C, Si Si
Si Si, Si O, C C
Si O, Si Si, C C
C C, Si O, Si Si
tin
lead
aluminum
silicon
germanium
Pb
C
Si
Ge