CRTD-VOL.

58

ASME INTERNATIONAL
STEAM TABLES
FOR INDUSTRIAL USE
Third Edition
Based on the
IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997
for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS-IF97)
Prepared by
WILLIAM T. PARRY
General Electric Company
JAMES C. BELLOWS
Siemens Energy
JOHN S. GALLAGHER
Retired
ALLAN H. HARVEY
National Institute of Standards and Technology
RICHARD D. HARWOOD
Siemens Energy
on behalf of
ASME Research and Technology Committee
on Water and Steam in Thermal Systems,
Subcommittee on Properties of Steam

ASME ** Two Park Avenue ** New York, N.Y. 10016, USA

www.asme.org

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 2014, ASME, 2 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA (www.asme.org)

All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States
Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by
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publisher.
INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS WORK HAS BEEN OBTAINED BY THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF
MECHANICAL ENGINEERS FROM SOURCES BELIEVED TO BE RELIABLE. HOWEVER, NEITHER ASME NOR
ITS AUTHORS OR EDITORS GUARANTEE THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF ANY INFORMATION
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Note: Chapters 2, 4, and 5 and the Tables are contributions of the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST), and are not subject to copyright in the United States.
ISBN: 978-0-7918-6036-6
Book no.: 860366

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PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION

International standards for water and steam properties are set by the International Association for the
Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS). The IAPWS-IF97 formulation for thermodynamic properties
used in this book was developed by an IAPWS Task Group chaired by Wolfgang Wagner of Germany.
Testing of the formulation was the responsibility of a Task Group chaired by Kiyoshi Miyagawa of
Japan. We begin by acknowledging the extraordinary efforts of these two groups, and especially their
chairmen, in producing a formulation that is significantly improved over its predecessor in accuracy,
internal consistency, and speed.
This book, like the previous ASME Steam Tables which date back to 1967, was produced by the
efforts of the Properties of Steam Subcommittee of the ASME Research and Technology Committee on
Water and Steam in Thermal Systems. In addition to the four people listed as authors, we particularly
acknowledge the efforts of Subcommittee members Daniel Friend (NIST), Richard Jacobsen (University
of Idaho), Johanna M. H. Levelt Sengers (NIST), Jan Sengers (University of Maryland), and Jesse
Sewell (Siemens Westinghouse). Much of the programming of the ASME implementation of IAPWSIF97 was performed by Joanne Chao (Keane). We also received logistical support from Howard Clark
of the ASME Center for Research and Technology Development. Cynthia Clark and Tara Smith of the
ASME Technical Publishing Department supervised the production of the book. Much of the financial
support for the Subcommittee has been provided by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI).
One thing that became clear during this process was the necessity of retaining the knowledge of
previous generations. We are grateful for support and advice we received from the surviving authors of
the 1967 ASME Steam Tables: Ralph McClintock, George Silvestri, and especially Robert Spencer.
Being able to profit from their accumulated wisdom spared us from reinventing solutions to problems
they had previously solved. It is our hope that ASME will continue to maintain an infrastructure of
expertise in the properties of steam to ensure that the next generation can build from this strong
foundation when the time comes to revise or replace this book.
ASME Research and Technology Committee on Water and Steam
in Thermal Systems, Subcommittee on Properties of Steam
William T. Parry, Chairman
Allan H. Harvey, Secretary

September 1999

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PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION

This Second Edition presents the same properties of water and steam as the First Edition (published in
2000), with two exceptions. In 2007, the International Association for the Properties of Water and
Steam (IAPWS) adopted a new formulation for the high-temperature Region 5, extending the pressure
range of validity of Region 5 from 10 MPa to 50 MPa in order to cover conditions that might be
encountered in some proposed new power cycles. The new Region 5 formulation is reflected in new
Tables S-4 and U-4. Also, in 2008, IAPWS adopted a new formulation for the viscosity of water and
steam. This is reflected in new Tables S-8, S-10, U-8, and U-10, along with new Figures S-2, S-3, S-5,
U-2, U-3, and U-5. We also took the opportunity to correct a few typographical errors and to update
some of the background text and references.
ASME Research and Technology Committee on Water and Steam
in Thermal Systems, Subcommittee on Properties of Steam
Richard D. Harwood, Chair
Allan H. Harvey, Secretary

September 2008

PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION

The main update for this Third Edition is the incorporation of the new IAPWS formulation adopted in
2011 for the thermal conductivity of water and steam. This is reflected in new Tables S-9, S-10, U-9,
and U-10, along with new Figures S-4, S-5, U-4, and U-5 and revision of Appendix B. The
thermodynamic property information is unchanged from the Second Edition. We also made minor
updates to some of the background text and references. We thank Prof. H.-J. Kretzschmar for his
assistance with the thermal conductivity calculations.
ASME Research and Technology Committee on Water and Steam
in Thermal Systems, Subcommittee on Properties of Steam
Richard D. Harwood, Chair
Allan H. Harvey, Secretary

December 2013

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CONTENTS
Preface to First Edition ................................................................................................................................... iii
Preface to Second Edition ............................................................................................................................... iv
Preface to Third Edition ................................................................................................................................. iv
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 1
Units and Conversions ............................................................................................................................ 5
Thermodynamic Properties ................................................................................................................... 15
Transport Properties .............................................................................................................................. 21
Other Properties and Formulations ....................................................................................................... 23

APPENDICES ................................................................................................................................................ 25
A.
Thermodynamic Property Formulation ................................................................................................. 25
B.
Transport Property Formulations .......................................................................................................... 45
References ....................................................................................................................................................... 51
TABLES AND CHARTS ............................................................................................................................... 53
Tables and Charts of Properties in SI Units ..................................................................................................... 53
Table S-1 Properties of Saturated Water and Steam (Temperaure) ...................................................... 55
Table S-2 Properties of Saturated Water and Steam (Pressure) ............................................................ 60
Table S-3 Properties of Superheated Steam and Compressed Water .................................................... 65
Table S-4 Properties of Steam at High Temperatures ......................................................................... 134
Table S-5 Properties of Superheated and Metastable Steam ............................................................... 141
Table S-6 Isobaric Heat Capacity of Water and Steam ....................................................................... 144
Table S-7 Speed of Sound in Water and Steam .................................................................................. 145
Table S-8 Dynamic Viscosity of Water and Steam............................................................................. 146
Table S-9 Thermal Conductivity of Water and Steam ........................................................................ 147
Table S-10 Prandtl Number of Water and Steam................................................................................ 148
Table S-11 Vapor-Liquid Surface Tension of Water and Steam ........................................................ 149
Figure S-1 Reciprocal Isobaric Heat Capacity, cp-1 ............................................................................. 150
Figure S-2 Dynamic Viscosity ............................................................................................................ 151
Figure S-3 Kinematic Viscosity .......................................................................................................... 152
Figure S-4 Thermal Conductivity ....................................................................................................... 153
Figure S-5 Reciprocal Prandtl Number, Pr-1 ....................................................................................... 154
Figure S-6 Speed of Sound ................................................................................................................. 155
Figure S-7 Isentropic Exponent, ....................................................................................................... 156
Figure S-8 Choking Velocity for Superheated Steam ......................................................................... 157
Figure S-9 Choking Velocity for Water-Steam Mixture ..................................................................... 158
Figure S-10 Choking Mass Flow Rate ................................................................................................ 159
Figure S-11 Isentropic Work of Compression (h-hL)s......................................................................... 160
Figure S-12 Pressure-Enthalpy Chart.................................................................................................. 161
Figure S-13 Temperature-Entropy Chart ............................................................................................ 162
Figure S-14 Enthalpy-Entropy Chart .................................................................................................. 163

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Tables and Charts of Properties in U.S. Customary Units ............................................................................. 165

Table U-1 Properties of Saturated Water and Steam (Temperaure) ................................................... 167
Table U-2(Hg) Properties of Saturated Water and Steam (Pressure, inches Hg absolute) ................. 173
Table U-2 Properties of Saturated Water and Steam (Pressure) ......................................................... 174
Table U-3 Properties of Superheated Steam and Compressed Water ................................................. 180
Table U-4 Properties of Steam at High Temperatures ........................................................................ 254
Table U-5 Properties of Superheated and Metastable Steam .............................................................. 261
Table U-6 Isobaric Heat Capacity of Water and Steam ...................................................................... 264
Table U-7 Speed of Sound in Water and Steam ................................................................................. 265
Table U-8 Dynamic Viscosity of Water and Steam ............................................................................ 266
Table U-9 Thermal Conductivity of Water and Steam ....................................................................... 267
Table U-10 Prandtl Number of Water and Steam ............................................................................... 268
Table U-11 Vapor-Liquid Surface Tension of Water and Steam........................................................ 269
Figure U-1 Reciprocal Isobaric Heat Capacity, cp-1 ............................................................................ 270
Figure U-2 Dynamic Viscosity ........................................................................................................... 271
Figure U-3 Kinematic Viscosity ......................................................................................................... 272
Figure U-4 Thermal Conductivity ....................................................................................................... 273
Figure U-5 Reciprocal Prandtl Number, Pr-1 ...................................................................................... 274
Figure U-6 Speed of Sound................................................................................................................. 275
Figure U-7 Isentropic Exponent, ...................................................................................................... 276
Figure U-8 Choking Velocity for Superheated Steam ........................................................................ 277
Figure U-9 Choking Velocity for Water-Steam Mixture .................................................................... 278
Figure U-10 Choking Mass Flow Rate ............................................................................................... 279
Figure U-11 Isentropic Work of Compression (h-hL)s ........................................................................ 280
Figure U-12 Pressure-Enthalpy Chart ................................................................................................. 281
Figure U-13 Temperature-Entropy Chart............................................................................................ 282
Figure U-14 Enthalpy-Entropy Chart.................................................................................................. 283

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