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3 The Ship Design Process

3.1 Design Definition
An activity involved in producing the drawings (2-D or 3-D computer model), specifications and other
data needed to construc an object such as a ship

3.2 Design Ojectives

Creating the information needed to build the ship

Satisfying the shipowners requirement at minimum cost during ships life cycle

3.3 Characteristics of Ship Design Process

Multidisciplinary nature of design

Approximation
Iteration
Multiplicity of solutions
Multiplicity of objectives
Boundedness

3.4 Design Principals

The most basic principals that any ship must satisfy are as follows:
The ship must have sufficient buoyancy
The ship must be controllable and should have sufficiency power to make a forward speed
The ship must be buildable and must also be economic to build and operate within practical limit
The ship must be sufficiently stable and not to capsize in waves
The ship must have structural integrity sufficiently strong to prevent any damage to ship itself and
passanger or cargo on board
The ship should be made as seakindly as possible
The ship must be safe against damage from fire, explosion, collosion or grounding.
Sufficient lifesaving equipment must be provided for crew and passangers
The ship must be self sufficient within voyage period

Cargo Ship

Reguired cargo capacity (payload)

Service speed
Endurance

Military Vessel

Deck area

Passenger Vessel
Low levels of vibration and noice
Good seakeeping

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3.5 Design Constrains

Typical design constrains are:
Classification Society Rules
IMO Regulations
ILO Conventions
National Rules and Regulations
Draft
Height
Beam

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3.6 Design Consideration

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3.7 The Nature of Design

Figure 3-1 Ship Design Spiral

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3.8 Design Phases

Concept Design
Preliminary Design
Contrac Design
Production Drawings

Figure 3-2 Ship Design Phases

3.8.1 Concept Design

Translates the mission requirements into naval architecturel and engineering characteristic with includes:
Novel ship types
Novel ship equipments
Principal dimensions
General arrangements
Estimation of major weights items
Powering options
3.8.2 Preliminary Design
Prepares early concept formulation through the preparation of plans and specification that form the basis
of a building contrac with includes:
Complete the hull shape definition
Perform a detailed structural analysis for the ship
Finalise the interirior arrangements
Determine hydrostatics and stability requirements
Re-evaluate resistance, powering, and performance of the ship
Calculate detailed weights to determine an accurate draft and trim for the ship
Calculate the detailed costs for the ship
3.8.3 Contract Design
Presents the information that the builder needs to bid on the ship.

3.8.4 Production Drawing

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3.9 Mission and Owners Requirements

3.9.1 Ship Mission
Ships are procured for three overall purposes:
National Defense
Marine Services
Marine Transportation
National Defense
The primary mission is provide national security subject to overiding considerations of geopolitics,
national defense, and industrial policy.
Marine Services
The primary mission is to provide marine services with includes: towing, dreging, fishing, harbor
firefighting, rescue, oil driling, oil production
Marine Transportation
The primary mission is to carry a wide range of raw materials, intermediate goods, and products.

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3.9.2 Owners Requirements

Technical owners requirements to provide the basic definition of the commercial ship acquisition project
includes:
Cargo Type and Cargo Capacity
Principal Diminsions Limitation
Port Requirements
Rules and Regulations
Service Speed
Endurance
Design Environmental Conditions
Ship Design Life
Propulsion Plan
Electrical Plant
Electronic Navigational and Radio Equipment
Automation
Manning and Accommodations
Hull Structure
Quality Standards
Maintenance and Overhaul Strategy

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# Cargo Type and Cargo Capacity

Cargo type and cargo capacity determine:
Ship type
Configuration
Physical Size

Trade and port

requirements

Transport
demand

Cargo Capacity

Shore storage capacity

Multiple types or grade of cargo:

* improve vessel flexibility

* utilization rate
* profit potential

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* engineering and building costs increase

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# Principal Diminsions Limitation

Loa
Draft
Cannal

# Port Requirements
# Rules and Regulations
They are intended:
to protect ship and its cargoes

to protect people and evironmental

the classification society rules

international regulations (IMOs products)
national regulations
the port state

# Service Speed
# Endurance
# Design Environmental Conditions
# Ship Design Life
# Propulsion Plan
# Electrical Plant
# Electronic Navigational and Radio Equipment
# Automation
# Manning and Accommodations
# Hull Structure
# Quality Standards

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# Maintenance and Overhaul Strategy

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