Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. A person who is primarily interested in the establishment of new wilderness areas would be considered a(n)
a. ecologist.
b. preservationist.
c. restorationist.
d. conservationist.
2. Natural capital includes all of the following except
a. sunlight.
b. air.
c. water.
d. soil.
3. All of the following illustrate exponential growth except
a. the king who promised to double the number of grains of wheat he put on each successive
square of a checkerboard.
b. human population growth.
c. driving 10 mph for one minute; then 20 mph for one minute; then 30 mph for one minute;
then 40 mph for one minute.
d. money in a savings account.
4. Which of the following would be considered a very high rate of annual exponential growth?
a. 5%
b. 3%
c. 1%
d. 0.5%
5. Which of the following generalizations about developing countries is true?
a. They make up about one-tenth of the world's population.
b. They have high average GNPs per person.
c. They include the United States, Canada, Japan, the former Soviet Union, and European
countries.
d. They use about 12% of the world's resources.
6. Since 1970, the gap between rich and poor, as measured by GNP per capita, has
a. decreased, then increased since 1980.
b. increased, then substantially decreased since 1980.
c. increased, then substantially increased since 1980.
d. decreased, then substantially decreased since 1980.
7. What is globalization?
a. ability to travel worldwide
b. new term for mass immigration
c. world-wide integration of social, economic, and environmental change
d. a satellite communications system
8. Sustainable development can be distinguished from economic development by its emphasis on
a. meeting the needs of people.
b. intergenerational equity.
c. use of economic systems and earth's resources.
d. setting limits on human population growth.
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____ 18. Which of the following is not important in determining the damage produced by a pollutant?
a. concentration
b. persistence
c. origin
d. chemical nature
____ 19. You generally buy and eat microwave dinners. After dinner, cardboard tops and plastic trays remain. The least
effective way to deal with this type of solid-waste problem would be to
a. collect the components and incinerate them so they don't take up landfill space.
b. prepare large quantities of food and divide it into your own reusable microwave
containers.
c. donate the plastic containers to the local nursery schools to use with preschoolers.
d. recycle the components.
____ 20. Root causes of environmental problems include
a. rapid population growth.
b. even distribution of wealth.
c. increasingly sustainable use of resources.
d. prices reflecting environmental costs.
____ 21. Which of the following is not currently a component of the three-factor model to account for environmental
degradation and pollution?
a. population size and distribution
b. science and technology
c. prices which reflect social and environmental costs
d. politics and ethics
____ 22. Which of the following would be representative of an environmental wisdom worldview?
a. Continuous rapid economic growth will improve environmental conditions
b. Energy and materials efficiency must continually be improved
c. More money should be directed to research on controlling the environment
d. Human beings are the most important life forms on Earth
____ 23. The species Homo sapiens sapiens has lived on Earth about _____ years.
a. 4,000
b. 12,000
c. 30,000
d. 60,000
____ 24. Advanced hunter-gatherer societies did all of the following except
a. redistribute plant populations during migrations.
b. stampede herds to get food.
c. use fire to convert forests into grasslands.
d. subdue and dominate most other forms of life.
____ 25. Domestication of wild plants and animals occurred about ___ years ago.
a. 5,000
b. 10,000
c. 15,000
d. 20,000
____ 26. Agricultural societies resulted in all of the following changes to humans except
a. growth of villages.
b. specialized occupations and long-distance trade.
c. increased competition for resources.
d. equal work distribution among people.
____ 27. The Industrial Revolution reached the United States in the
a. 1500s.
b. 1600s.
c. 1700s.
d. 1800s.
____ 28. The Industrial Revolution is characterized by all of the following except increased
a. average per capita energy consumption.
b. ability to utilize Earth's resources.
c. economic growth.
d. social concern for workers.
____ 29. A major stimulus for the Industrial Revolution was
a. the bubonic plague.
b. European wars.
c. a shortage of wood.
d. poverty.
____ 30. Energy use during the Industrial Revolution was based primarily on
a. wood.
b. solar power.
c. nonrenewable sources.
d. labor by domesticated animals.
____ 31. The early Industrial Revolution brought
a. an increased number of assembly-line jobs.
b. an increased number of coal-mining jobs.
c. accelerated exponential human population growth.
d. all of these answers.
____ 32. The American settlers primarily viewed the continent as
a. a hostile wilderness that needed to be conquered.
b. a friendly environment that needed care and nurturing.
c. a finite reservoir of resources.
d. an easy place to make a comfortable living.
____ 33. A starting point in establishing the federal government's responsibility to protect public lands from
unsustainable resource use was the
a. creation of the first national park.
b. establishment of the first federal forest reserves and wildlife refuges.
c. establishment of the Department of the Interior.
d. development of the U.S. Forest Service.
____ 34. Gifford Pinchot used ____ principles to manage America's renewable forest resources.
a. sustainable-yield and multiple use
b. sustainable-yield and reserved-use
c. multiple-use and highest-use
d. multiple-use and maximum-yield
____ 35. The Sierra Club was developed by ____ in 1892.
a. Theodore Roosevelt
b. John Muir
c. Gifford Pinchot
d. Aldo Leopold
____ 45. To explore what scientists generally agree about you would most likely turn to
a. the newspaper headlines.
b. CNN.
c. Popular Science.
d. U.S. National Academy of Sciences publications.
____ 46. Human mental models tend to be unreliable when
a. there are few interacting variables.
b. we attempt to extrapolate from many experiences to a general case.
c. the consequences occur immediately following causal events.
d. consequences of one event lead to other consequences.
____ 47. Human events which affect the environment are generally characterized by
a. predictability in what happens because the environment is diverse.
b. many experiences upon which to base our generalizations.
c. long delays between events and responses.
d. immediate feedback.
____ 48. A thermostat keeping your house within a certain acceptable temperature range is an example of
a. homeostasis.
b. synergistic interaction.
c. leverage.
d. chaos.
____ 49. Examples of a situation where a long time delay results in environmental degradation include
a. clear-cutting a forest.
b. building new four-lane highways.
c. depletion of the ozone layer.
d. fish kills from oil spills.
____ 50. Two or more processes interacting such that the combined effect is greater than the sum of the individual
effects is called
a. homeostasis.
b. a synergistic interaction.
c. negative feedback.
d. chaos.
____ 51. When Jeffrey and Lynn drove to a trailhead in Colorado, they were stopped by a fallen birch tree across the
road. Jeffrey could not move the tree by himself. Lynn could not move the tree by herself. Together they could
move the tree. Their solution illustrates the concept of
a. homeostasis.
b. a synergistic interaction.
c. leverage.
d. positive feedback.
____ 52. Which of the following is an example of synergism?
a. The combined effects of alcohol and a depressant produce a greater effect than would be
expected from adding their individual effects.
b. When the exponential growth of the human population exceeds the carrying capacity, a
massive dieback will occur.
c. The use of alcohol reduces the effectiveness of a blood thinner.
d. Secondary smoke may increase chances of lung cancer in a nonsmoker.
____ 53. The community knew the effects of Chemical X alone. They set a safe limit for its use. The community knew
the effects of Chemical Z alone. They set a safe limit for its use. Unfortunately, both chemicals were released
into the environment at their safe levels and there were massive fish kills. The most probable explanation was
the occurrence of
a. homeostasis.
b. a synergistic interaction.
c. negative feedback.
d. positive feedback.
____ 54. Protons, neutrons, and electrons are all
a. forms of energy.
b. equal in mass.
c. subatomic particles.
d. negative ions.
____ 55. The atomic number is the number of
a. atoms in a molecule.
b. protons in an atom.
c. neutrons in a molecule.
d. electrons in an atom.
____ 56. Isotopes differ from each other by their number of
a. ions.
b. protons.
c. atoms.
d. neutrons.
____ 57. Ions have
a. a net positive charge.
b. a net negative charge.
c. no charge.
d. a net positive or negative charge.
____ 58. Covalent compounds
a. are held together by ionic bonds.
b. consist of networks of oppositely charged ions.
c. share electrons between their constituent atoms.
d. include ordinary table salt.
____ 59. Forces of attraction between water molecules are called
a. ionic bonds.
b. hydrogen bonds.
c. covalent bonds.
d. compound bonds.
____ 60. All organic compounds are characterized by the presence of
a. carbon.
b. hydrogen.
c. oxygen.
d. nitrogen.
____ 61. H2O and NaCl are
a. elements.
b. mixtures.
c. inorganic compounds.
d. organic compounds.
____ 62. Which of the following sources of iron would be of the highest quality?
a. iron deposits on the ocean floor
b. a field of spinach
c. a large, scrap metal junkyard
d. a one-half-mile-deep deposit of iron ore
____ 63. Energy can be formally defined as
a. the random motion of molecules.
b. the ability to do work and transfer heat.
c. a force that is exerted over some distance.
d. the movement of molecules.
____ 64. All of the following are examples of kinetic energy except
a. a speeding bullet.
b. a stick of dynamite.
c. a flow of electric current.
d. a falling rock.
____ 65. An example of potential energy is
a. electricity flowing through a wire.
b. the chemical energy in a candy bar.
c. a bullet fired at high velocity.
d. a leaf falling from a tree.
____ 66. All of the following are examples of ionizing radiation except
a. cosmic rays.
b. gamma rays.
c. microwaves.
d. X rays.
____ 67. Which of the following is an example of low-quality energy?
a. electricity
b. heat in the ocean
c. nuclei of uranium-235
d. coal
____ 68. The relative quality of electricity is
a. very high.
b. high.
c. moderate.
d. low.
____ 69. The relative quality of normal sunlight is
a. very high.
b. high.
c. moderate.
d. low.
____ 70. High-temperature industrial heat is least likely to be provided by
a. nuclear fission.
b. concentrated sunlight.
c. dispersed geothermal energy.
d. burning natural gas.
____ 71. All of the following statements can be concluded from the law of conservation of matter except
a. We can't throw anything away because there is no away.
b. We'll eventually run out of matter if we keep consuming it at current rates.
c. There will always be pollution of some sort.
d. Everything must go somewhere.
____ 72. Earth is essentially a closed system for
a. matter.
b. energy.
c. matter and energy.
d. neither matter nor energy.
____ 73. All of the following are broken down by biological action except
a. sewage.
b. litter in the environment.
c. lead and mercury.
d. organic garbage.
____ 74. Nuclear changes are governed by
a. the law of conservation of matter.
b. the law of conservation of energy.
c. the law of conservation of matter and energy.
d. the law of entropy.
____ 75. All of the following are given off by natural radioactivity except
a. alpha particles.
b. delta rays.
c. gamma rays.
d. beta particles.
____ 76. The most common form of energy released from radioisotopes is
a. gamma rays.
b. cosmic rays.
c. X rays.
d. ultraviolet rays.
____ 77. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Exposure of a substance to alpha, beta, or gamma radiation makes it radioactive.
b. All isotopes are radioactive.
c. Radioactive isotopes give off radiation at a fixed rate.
d. Only naturally occurring substances are radioactive.
____ 78. Radioisotopes have been used to
a. treat cancer.
b. to detect pollution.
c. to determine the age of fossils.
d. all of these answers.
____ 79. Multiple nuclear fissions
a. occur when two nuclei hit each other.
b. require isotopes with small mass numbers.
c. occur best with a small mass of isotopes.
d. may result in chain reactions.
____ 89. Which of the following statements is the most logical way to cope with the problem of limitations imposed by
the three basic physical laws governing matter?
a. Use and waste less energy and matter.
b. Shift to nonpolluting nuclear fusion power.
c. Increase the output of low-quality heat.
d. Increase the input of high-quality energy.
____ 90. A low-throughput economy would do all of the following except
a. use energy more efficiently.
b. shift to perpetual and renewable energy sources.
c. recycle and reuse most matter that is now discarded.
d. create goods with a short life cycle to increase recycling.
____ 91. The service least likely to be performed by the insect family is
a. plant reproduction.
b. plant pollination.
c. turning the soil.
d. chemosynthesis.
____ 92. Which adjective least applies to insects?
a. adaptable
b. abundant
c. unnecessary
d. diverse
____ 93. Ecology is the study of how
a. atoms make up the environment.
b. humans affect the environment.
c. organisms interact with each other and their nonliving environment.
d. societies pass laws to protect the environment.
____ 94. What is the goal of ecology?
a. To eliminate pollution.
b. To eliminate environmental degradation.
c. To trace the flow of energy through the environment.
d. To learn about connections in nature.
____ 95. The number of species already identified by biologists is approximately
a. 180.
b. 1,800.
c. 1.8 million.
d. 1.8 billion.
____ 96. A group of individuals of the same species occupying a given area at the same time is called a
a. species.
b. population.
c. community.
d. genus.
____ 97. A community of living organisms interacting with one another and the physical and chemical factors of their
nonliving environment is called
a. a species.
b. an ecosystem.
c. a population.
d. a lithosphere.
____ 115. In the field, you observe a lion chase, kill, and eat a gazelle. A vulture pecks away at the left over meat scraps.
Beetles attack the remaining fragments. Finally, bacteria complete the breakdown and recycling of organic
material. If you were to apply a general classification to the feeders, what would be the correct sequence?
a. decomposerscavengerdetritus feedercarnivore
b. carnivoredetritus feederscavengerdecomposer
c. carnivorescavengerdetritus feederdecomposer
d. carnivorescavengerdecomposerdetritus feeder
____ 116. If something is biodegradable, it
a. can be broken down by autotrophs.
b. can be broken down by heterotrophs.
c. can be broken down by decomposers.
d. cannot be broken down by any living processes.
____ 117. Anaerobic respiration may produce all of the following except
a. methane gas.
b. hydrogen sulfide.
c. carbon dioxide and water.
d. ethyl alcohol.
____ 118. The process which results in alcoholic beverages is
a. aerobic respiration.
b. anaerobic respiration.
c. photosynthesis.
d. chemosynthesis.
____ 119. An ecosystem can survive without
a. producers.
b. consumers.
c. decomposers.
d. autotrophs.
____ 120. Complex feeding patterns for consumers in an ecosystem are called
a. food webs.
b. food chains.
c. trophic levels.
d. pyramids of energy.
____ 121. Most of the energy input in a food chain is
a. in the form of heat.
b. converted to biomass.
c. recycled as it reaches the chain's end.
d. degraded to low-quality heat.
____ 122. Which of the following statements is false?
a. Biomass is the organic matter synthesized by producers.
b. Energy pyramids show why a larger human population can be supported if people eat
grains rather than animals.
c. The earth's total gross primary productivity is the upper limit determining the planets
carrying capacity for all species.
d. An analysis of an abandoned field yields a pyramid of biomass.
____ 123. Which of the following ecosystems has the highest average net primary productivity?
a. agricultural land
b. open ocean
c. temperate forest
d. swamps and marshes
____ 124. All of the following are general types of nutrient cycles except
a. the hydrologic cycle.
b. the sedimentary cycle.
c. the carbohydrate cycle.
d. the atmospheric cycle.
____ 125. The phosphorous cycle is an example of a(n)
a. hydrologic cycle.
b. sedimentary cycle.
c. carbohydrate cycle.
d. atmospheric cycle.
____ 126. The hydrologic cycle refers to the movement of
a. hydrogen.
b. oxygen.
c. water.
d. hydrocarbons.
____ 127. The amount of water vapor found in a certain mass of air is the
a. relative humidity.
b. absolute humidity.
c. average humidity.
d. air pressure.
____ 128. Condensation nuclei form from all of the following except
a. sea salt.
b. soil dust.
c. carbon monoxide emitted from vehicles.
d. volcanic ash.
____ 129. Carbon is a major component of
a. atmospheric gases.
b. sedimentary rocks.
c. the oceans.
d. organic compounds.
____ 130. All of the following increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere except
a. respiration.
b. photosynthesis.
c. combustion.
d. decomposition.
____ 131. Of the following carbon-based compounds, which would have the slowest turnover rate?
a. calcium carbonate shells
b. wood in a tree
c. protein in a cow
d. DNA in a bacterium
____ 132. Nodules containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria would be expected to occur on the roots of
a. pine trees.
b. roses.
c. legumes.
d. grasses.
____ 141. One member of a system analysis team is an analytical economist who loves to determine the best economic
solution for an ecological problem. If you were a system manager, to which stage of the system analysis
would you assign this person?
a. system measurement
b. data analysis
c. system optimization
d. system modeling
____ 142. Which of the following best describe biologists' current hypothesis about the production of the earth's
atmospheric oxygen?
a. Photosynthesis by terrestrial plants produced atmospheric oxygen.
b. The breakdown of iron ore deposits produced atmospheric oxygen.
c. Photosynthesis by cyanobacteria produced atmospheric oxygen.
d. Chemosynthesis by terrestrial plants produced atmospheric oxygen.
____ 143. The most likely sequence for the biological evolution of life is
a. aerobic prokaryotes-photosynthetic prokaryotes-anaerobic prokaryotes-eukaryotesmulticellular organisms.
b. photosynthetic prokaryotes-anaerobic prokaryotes-aerobic prokaryotes-eukaryotesmulticellular organisms.
c. anaerobic prokaryotes-photosynthetic prokaryotes-aerobic prokaryotes-eukaryotesmulticellular organisms.
d. eukaryotes-anaerobic prokaryotes-photosynthetic prokaryotes-aerobic prokaryotesmulticellular organisms.
____ 144. The distance of the Earth from the sun
a. ensures that our climate will be too hot for evolution to continue.
b. ensures that our climate will be too cold for evolution to continue.
c. ensures that the Earth will overheat of its own accord long before global warming from
human causes could happen.
d. has created a temperature just right for the evolution of life that is dependent upon water.
____ 145. You are a fossil hunter. Which of the following are you least likely to find in a fossil?
a. bone
b. leaves
c. teeth
d. muscle
____ 146. A change in the genetic composition of a population over successive generations is called
a. emigration.
b. mutation.
c. natural selection.
d. evolution.
____ 147. The term used to describe the long-term, large-scale evolutionary changes among groups of species is
a. coevolution.
b. microevolution.
c. convergent evolution.
d. macroevolution.
____ 148. Mutations can be caused by
a. ultraviolet light.
b. X rays.
c. certain chemicals.
d. all of these answers.
____ 149. The change from a light to a dark color in the peppered moth was the result of
a. insecticides.
b. industrial pollution.
c. a change in predators.
d. an increase in ultraviolet radiation.
____ 150. You are an evolutionary biologist studying a population of bats in the rainforest of Brazil. Most of the
population possesses moderate length wings, although some individuals have long wings and some
individuals have short wings. Over the course of time, you notice that the frequency of moderate-length wings
increases. You conclude that the most likely cause of this development is
a. stabilizing natural selection.
b. directional natural selection.
c. diversifying natural selection.
d. coevolution.
____ 151. As you study a population of fruit flies, you notice that pink eye color is the most common, although white
eyes and red eyes are also present. Over the course of time and many generations, you notice that the
proportion of individuals with pink eyes steadily increases. You conclude that this population is undergoing
a. continuous natural selection.
b. disruptive natural selection.
c. directional natural selection.
d. stabilizing natural selection.
____ 152. You study fossils of giraffes. Although there appears to be considerable variability in lengths of necks, there
appears to be a definite shift to longer necks over the course of time. You conclude that this species is
undergoing
a. continuous natural selection.
b. discontinuous natural selection.
c. disruptive natural selection.
d. directional natural selection.
____ 153. When natural selection shifts allelic frequencies toward the extremes of a range of genetic expressions for a
particular trait, an evolutionary biologist would credit
a. continuous natural selection.
b. discontinuous natural selection.
c. disruptive natural selection.
d. directional natural selection.
____ 154. Which of the following is false? Coevolution
a. occurs when interacting species exert selective pressures on each other.
b. occurs between plants and the herbivores that eat them.
c. may play a role in the evolution of camouflage.
d. leads to competitive relationships.
____ 155. Over the course of time, the change in the gene pool of one species may lead to the change of the gene pool of
another species. This process is called
a. coevolution.
b. microevolution.
c. convergent evolution.
d. macroevolution.
____ 156. An organism's niche is analogous to its
a. address.
b. way of life.
c. food source.
d. trash dump.
____ 166. A meteorologist collecting data in the field is least likely to use
a. a computer model.
b. aircraft.
c. satellites.
d. radar.
____ 167. Climate is influenced by
a. the amount of incoming solar radiation.
b. Earth's rotation.
c. the tilt of Earth's axis.
d. all of these answers.
____ 168. Which of the following statements of cause and effect is false?
a. The differential in solar energy striking the equator versus the poles sets up general global
air circulation patterns.
b. The Earth's rotation is faster under air at the poles causes the prevailing winds.
c. The Earth's rotational tilt and revolution around the sun cause seasonal variations in
temperature.
d. The Earth's rotation, the inclination of the Earth's axis, prevailing winds, and differences in
water density cause ocean currents.
____ 169. There are ______ separate belts of moving air or prevailing winds.
a. two
b. four
c. six
d. eight
____ 170. Ozone
a. in the stratosphere is a pollutant.
b. is formed in the stratosphere through the interaction of infrared radiation and molecular
oxygen.
c. filters out all harmful ultraviolet radiation.
d. in the stratosphere forms a thermal cap important in determining the average temperature
of the troposphere.
____ 171. The rain shadow effect refers to
a. more light on the windward side of mountain ranges.
b. more light on the leeward side of mountain ranges.
c. drier conditions on the windward side of mountain ranges.
d. drier conditions on the leeward side of mountain ranges.
____ 172. Microclimates are least likely to be produced by
a. mountains.
b. bodies of water.
c. cities.
d. flat plains.
____ 173. A rain shadow is most likely to be produced by a
a. forest.
b. ocean.
c. lake.
d. mountain.
____ 183. You are an ecologist on location in chaparral country. You would be surprised to find
a. fires.
b. very wet winters.
c. evergreen shrubs.
d. scrub oak.
____ 184. The primary limiting factor of the rain forest is
a. water.
b. soil nutrients.
c. temperature.
d. light.
____ 185. Trees of the tropical rainforest are most likely to have leaves that are
a. needlelike and fall seasonally.
b. broadleaf and fall seasonally.
c. needlelike and evergreen.
d. broadleaf and evergreen.
____ 186. A mature ____ has the greatest species diversity of all terrestrial biomes.
a. tundra
b. tropical rain forest
c. taiga
d. temperate deciduous forest
____ 187. Most of the nutrients in the tropical rain forests are found in the
a. living organisms.
b. large rivers.
c. deep, rich soil.
d. thick atmosphere.
____ 188. Which of the following modes of pollination would you least expect to find in a tropical rain forest?
a. butterfly
b. bird
c. bat
d. wind
____ 189. Which of the following is false? Temperate deciduous forests
a. change significantly during four distinct seasons.
b. are dominated by a few species of broadleaf trees.
c. have trees that survive winter by dropping their leaves.
d. have nutrient-poor soil.
____ 190. Which of the following biomes does not belong with the others?
a. taiga
b. steppes
c. boreal forest
d. northern coniferous forest
____ 191. In mountain biomes, it is estimated that each 100-meter gain in elevation is roughly equivalent to a _____kilometer change in latitude.
a. 1
b. 10
c. 100
d. 1,000
____ 201. Characteristics which make amphibians particularly sensitive to pollution include
a. living part of their life cycle in water and part on land.
b. soft, permeable skin.
c. sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation.
d. all of these answers.
____ 202. Wild African bees are best described as
a. nonnative species.
b. native species.
c. keystone species.
d. specialist species.
____ 203. Sea otters, dung beetles, and gopher tortoises are generally considered to be
a. nonnative species.
b. native species.
c. keystone species.
d. specialist species.
____ 204. Which of the following statements is false?
a. When environmental conditions are changing rapidly, a generalist is usually better off than
a specialist.
b. The fundamental niche of a species is the full range of physical, chemical, and biological
factors it could use if there were no competition.
c. The competitive exclusion principle states that no two species with the same fundamental
niche can indefinitely occupy the same habitat.
d. Interspecific competition is competition between two members of the same species.
____ 205. Which of the following predators avoid competition by being active at different times?
a. lions and tigers
b. hummingbirds and bees
c. hawks and owls
d. zebras and antelopes
____ 206. The relationship between fire ants and native ant populations is best described as
a. mutualism.
b. commensalism.
c. intraspecific competition.
d. interspecific competition.
____ 207. Interspecific competition can be avoided by
a. eating at different times.
b. resource partitioning.
c. character displacement.
d. all of these answers.
____ 208. A shark is least likely to be killed
a. by a predator.
b. for sport.
c. out of fear.
d. for food.
____ 209. The obvious relationship demonstrated by a food chain is
a. competition.
b. predation.
c. parasitism.
d. mutualism.
____ 244. Which of the following strategies would be most emphasized by the social ecology worldview?
a. decentralization
b. more technology
c. ecocentrism
d. ecofeminism
____ 245. Murray Bookchin is least likely to encourage creation of
a. ecotechnologies that are smaller in scale and consume fewer resources.
b. better versions of democratic communities.
c. more powerful technologies that increase efficiency by being large-scale.
d. new forms of Earth-sustaining production.
____ 246. According to the author, examining our basic values can set off
a. an explosion.
b. an earthquake.
c. El Nio-Southern Oscillation.
d. a mindquake.
____ 247. According to Arnold Toynbee, a civilization showing "true growth" is least likely to put most of its time and
energy into
a. developing a sense of community.
b. strengthening its democratic process.
c. meeting the material needs and wants of its people.
d. developing capacity for compassion.
____ 248. Of the following strategies, the one least likely to empower us to move toward more responsible
environmental actions in our lives is to
a. ground our actions in hope.
b. recognize there are many alternative paths to make progress.
c. avoid mental traps that lead to inaction.
d. recognize up front that we are to blame for all environmental disasters and there is no hope
to atone for all the messes.
____ 249. Which ecological understandings are often violated by contemporary societies?
a. Actions continually have consequences, some known and some unknown.
b. There is no away.
c. We can never do just one thing.
d. All of these answers.
____ 250. The author of your textbook calls for all of the following except
a. unity in commitment to sustainable living on the Earth.
b. diversity in approaches to living sustainably.
c. a positive vision of the future.
d. a commitment to evaluating the best sustainable culture on Earth and making carbon
copies over the rest of the Earth.
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A
PTS: 1
3-3 MATTER: FORMS | STRUCTURE | AND QUALITY
C
PTS: 1
3-3 MATTER: FORMS | STRUCTURE | AND QUALITY
C
PTS: 1
3-3 MATTER: FORMS | STRUCTURE | AND QUALITY
B
PTS: 1
TOP: 3-4 ENERGY: FORMS AND QUALITY
B
PTS: 1
TOP: 3-4 ENERGY: FORMS AND QUALITY
B
PTS: 1
TOP: 3-4 ENERGY: FORMS AND QUALITY
C
PTS: 1
TOP: 3-4 ENERGY: FORMS AND QUALITY
B
PTS: 1
TOP: 3-4 ENERGY: FORMS AND QUALITY
A
PTS: 1
TOP: 3-4 ENERGY: FORMS AND QUALITY
C
PTS: 1
TOP: 3-4 ENERGY: FORMS AND QUALITY
C
PTS: 1
TOP: 3-4 ENERGY: FORMS AND QUALITY
B
PTS: 1
3-5 PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL CHANGES & THE LAW OF CONSERV. OF...
A
PTS: 1
3-5 PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL CHANGES & THE LAW OF CONSERV. OF...
C
PTS: 1
3-5 PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL CHANGES & THE LAW OF CONSERV. OF...
C
PTS: 1
TOP: 3-6 NUCLEAR CHANGES
B
PTS: 1
TOP: 3-6 NUCLEAR CHANGES
A
PTS: 1
TOP: 3-6 NUCLEAR CHANGES
C
PTS: 1
TOP: 3-6 NUCLEAR CHANGES
D
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TOP: 3-6 NUCLEAR CHANGES
D
PTS: 1
TOP: 3-6 NUCLEAR CHANGES
D
PTS: 1
TOP: 3-6 NUCLEAR CHANGES
B
PTS: 1
TOP: 3-7 TWO LAWS GOVERNING ENERGY CHANGES
B
PTS: 1
TOP: 3-7 TWO LAWS GOVERNING ENERGY CHANGES
C
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TOP: 3-7 TWO LAWS GOVERNING ENERGY CHANGES
C
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TOP: 3-7 TWO LAWS GOVERNING ENERGY CHANGES
A
PTS: 1
TOP: 3-7 TWO LAWS GOVERNING ENERGY CHANGES
D
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TOP: 3-7 TWO LAWS GOVERNING ENERGY CHANGES
D
PTS: 1
TOP: 3-7 TWO LAWS GOVERNING ENERGY CHANGES
D
PTS: 1
3-8 CONNECTIONS: MATTER & ENERGY LAWS & ENVIRONMENTAL...
A
PTS: 1
3-8 CONNECTIONS: MATTER & ENERGY LAWS & ENVIRONMENTAL...
D
PTS: 1
3-8 CONNECTIONS: MATTER & ENERGY LAWS & ENVIRONMENTAL...
D
PTS: 1
C
PTS: 1
C
PTS: 1
TOP: 4-1 THE NATURE OF ECOLOGY
D
PTS: 1
TOP: 4-1 THE NATURE OF ECOLOGY
C
PTS: 1
TOP: 4-1 THE NATURE OF ECOLOGY
B
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TOP: 4-1 THE NATURE OF ECOLOGY
B
PTS: 1
TOP: 4-1 THE NATURE OF ECOLOGY
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D
PTS: 1
TOP: 4-1 THE NATURE OF ECOLOGY
B
PTS: 1
TOP: 4-2 THE EARTH'S LIFE-SUPP0RT SYSTEMS
D
PTS: 1
TOP: 4-2 THE EARTH'S LIFE-SUPP0RT SYSTEMS
C
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TOP: 4-2 THE EARTH'S LIFE-SUPP0RT SYSTEMS
C
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TOP: 4-2 THE EARTH'S LIFE-SUPP0RT SYSTEMS
B
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TOP: 4-2 THE EARTH'S LIFE-SUPP0RT SYSTEMS
D
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TOP: 4-2 THE EARTH'S LIFE-SUPP0RT SYSTEMS
D
PTS: 1
TOP: 4-3 ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS AND COMPONENTS
C
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TOP: 4-3 ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS AND COMPONENTS
C
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TOP: 4-3 ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS AND COMPONENTS
D
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TOP: 4-3 ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS AND COMPONENTS
B
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TOP: 4-3 ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS AND COMPONENTS
A
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TOP: 4-3 ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS AND COMPONENTS
C
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TOP: 4-3 ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS AND COMPONENTS
D
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TOP: 4-3 ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS AND COMPONENTS
B
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TOP: 4-3 ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS AND COMPONENTS
A
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TOP: 4-3 ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS AND COMPONENTS
C
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TOP: 4-3 ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS AND COMPONENTS
C
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TOP: 4-3 ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS AND COMPONENTS
C
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TOP: 4-3 ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS AND COMPONENTS
B
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TOP: 4-3 ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS AND COMPONENTS
B
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TOP: 4-3 ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS AND COMPONENTS
A
PTS: 1
4-4 CONNECTIONS: FOOD WEBS AND ENERGY FLOW IN ECOSYSTEMS
D
PTS: 1
4-4 CONNECTIONS: FOOD WEBS AND ENERGY FLOW IN ECOSYSTEMS
C
PTS: 1
TOP: 4-5 PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY OF ECOSYSTEMS
D
PTS: 1
TOP: 4-5 PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY OF ECOSYSTEMS
C
PTS: 1
4-6 CONNECTIONS: MATTER CYCLING IN ECOSYSTEMS
B
PTS: 1
4-6 CONNECTIONS: MATTER CYCLING IN ECOSYSTEMS
C
PTS: 1
4-6 CONNECTIONS: MATTER CYCLING IN ECOSYSTEMS
B
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4-6 CONNECTIONS: MATTER CYCLING IN ECOSYSTEMS
C
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4-6 CONNECTIONS: MATTER CYCLING IN ECOSYSTEMS
D
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4-6 CONNECTIONS: MATTER CYCLING IN ECOSYSTEMS
B
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4-6 CONNECTIONS: MATTER CYCLING IN ECOSYSTEMS
A
PTS: 1
4-6 CONNECTIONS: MATTER CYCLING IN ECOSYSTEMS
C
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4-6 CONNECTIONS: MATTER CYCLING IN ECOSYSTEMS
B
PTS: 1
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B
PTS: 1
TOP: 6-2 CLIMATE: A BRIEF INTRODUCTION
C
PTS: 1
TOP: 6-2 CLIMATE: A BRIEF INTRODUCTION
D
PTS: 1
TOP: 6-2 CLIMATE: A BRIEF INTRODUCTION
D
PTS: 1
TOP: 6-2 CLIMATE: A BRIEF INTRODUCTION
D
PTS: 1
TOP: 6-2 CLIMATE: A BRIEF INTRODUCTION
D
PTS: 1
TOP: 6-2 CLIMATE: A BRIEF INTRODUCTION
D
PTS: 1
TOP: 6-2 CLIMATE: A BRIEF INTRODUCTION
D
PTS: 1
TOP: 6-3 BIOMES: CLIMATE AND LIFE ON LAND
B
PTS: 1
TOP: 6-3 BIOMES: CLIMATE AND LIFE ON LAND
B
PTS: 1
TOP: 6-3 BIOMES: CLIMATE AND LIFE ON LAND
D
PTS: 1
TOP: 6-3 BIOMES: CLIMATE AND LIFE ON LAND
B
PTS: 1
TOP: 6-4 DESERT BIOMES
B
PTS: 1
TOP: 6-4 DESERT BIOMES
C
PTS: 1
6-5 GRASSLAND | TUNDRA | AND CHAPARRAL BIOMES
D
PTS: 1
6-5 GRASSLAND | TUNDRA | AND CHAPARRAL BIOMES
B
PTS: 1
6-5 GRASSLAND | TUNDRA | AND CHAPARRAL BIOMES
B
PTS: 1
TOP: 6-6 FOREST BIOMES
D
PTS: 1
TOP: 6-6 FOREST BIOMES
B
PTS: 1
TOP: 6-6 FOREST BIOMES
A
PTS: 1
TOP: 6-6 FOREST BIOMES
D
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TOP: 6-6 FOREST BIOMES
D
PTS: 1
TOP: 6-6 FOREST BIOMES
B
PTS: 1
TOP: 6-6 FOREST BIOMES
C
PTS: 1
TOP: 6-7 MOUNTAIN BIOMES
C
PTS: 1
TOP: 6-7 MOUNTAIN BIOMES
D
PTS: 1
TOP: 6-7 MOUNTAIN BIOMES
B
PTS: 1
TOP: 6-8 LESSONS FROM GEOGRAPHICAL ECOLOGY
D
PTS: 1
B
PTS: 1
8-1 COMMUNITY STRUCTURE: APPEARANCE AND SPECIES DIVERSITY
A
PTS: 1
8-1 COMMUNITY STRUCTURE: APPEARANCE AND SPECIES DIVERSITY
D
PTS: 1
TOP: 8-2 GENERAL TYPES OF SPECIES
D
PTS: 1
TOP: 8-2 GENERAL TYPES OF SPECIES
C
PTS: 1
TOP: 8-2 GENERAL TYPES OF SPECIES
D
PTS: 1
TOP: 8-2 GENERAL TYPES OF SPECIES
A
PTS: 1
TOP: 8-2 GENERAL TYPES OF SPECIES
C
PTS: 1
TOP: 8-2 GENERAL TYPES OF SPECIES
D
PTS: 1
8-3 SPECIES INTERACTIONS: COMPETITION AND PREDATION
C
PTS: 1
8-3 SPECIES INTERACTIONS: COMPETITION AND PREDATION
D
PTS: 1
8-3 SPECIES INTERACTIONS: COMPETITION AND PREDATION
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PTS: 1
8-3 SPECIES INTERACTIONS: COMPETITION AND PREDATION
A
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8-3 SPECIES INTERACTIONS: COMPETITION AND PREDATION
B
PTS: 1
8-3 SPECIES INTERACTIONS: COMPETITION AND PREDATION
C
PTS: 1
8-4 SYMBIOTIC SPECIES INTERACTIONS: PARASITISM | MUTUALISM...
A
PTS: 1
8-4 SYMBIOTIC SPECIES INTERACTIONS: PARASITISM | MUTUALISM...
D
PTS: 1
8-4 SYMBIOTIC SPECIES INTERACTIONS: PARASITISM | MUTUALISM...
B
PTS: 1
8-4 SYMBIOTIC SPECIES INTERACTIONS: PARASITISM | MUTUALISM...
D
PTS: 1
8-4 SYMBIOTIC SPECIES INTERACTIONS: PARASITISM | MUTUALISM...
D
PTS: 1
8-4 SYMBIOTIC SPECIES INTERACTIONS: PARASITISM | MUTUALISM...
C
PTS: 1
8-4 SYMBIOTIC SPECIES INTERACTIONS: PARASITISM | MUTUALISM...
D
PTS: 1
8-5 ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION: COMMUNITIES IN TRANSITION
D
PTS: 1
8-5 ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION: COMMUNITIES IN TRANSITION
A
PTS: 1
8-5 ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION: COMMUNITIES IN TRANSITION
C
PTS: 1
8-5 ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION: COMMUNITIES IN TRANSITION
D
PTS: 1
8-5 ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION: COMMUNITIES IN TRANSITION
A
PTS: 1
8-5 ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION: COMMUNITIES IN TRANSITION
C
PTS: 1
8-5 ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION: COMMUNITIES IN TRANSITION
C
PTS: 1
8-5 ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION: COMMUNITIES IN TRANSITION
D
PTS: 1
8-5 ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION: COMMUNITIES IN TRANSITION
B
PTS: 1
8-5 ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION: COMMUNITIES IN TRANSITION
D
PTS: 1
8-5 ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION: COMMUNITIES IN TRANSITION
C
PTS: 1
8-5 ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION: COMMUNITIES IN TRANSITION
B
PTS: 1
8-5 ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION: COMMUNITIES IN TRANSITION
C
PTS: 1
8-5 ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION: COMMUNITIES IN TRANSITION
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A
PTS: 1
8-5 ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION: COMMUNITIES IN TRANSITION
A
PTS: 1
8-6 ECOLOGICAL STABILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY
A
PTS: 1
8-6 ECOLOGICAL STABILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY
D
PTS: 1
8-6 ECOLOGICAL STABILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY
C
PTS: 1
28-1 ENVIRONMENTAL WORLDVIEWS IN INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES
D
PTS: 1
28-1 ENVIRONMENTAL WORLDVIEWS IN INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES
D
PTS: 1
28-1 ENVIRONMENTAL WORLDVIEWS IN INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES
B
PTS: 1
28-1 ENVIRONMENTAL WORLDVIEWS IN INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES
C
PTS: 1
28-1 ENVIRONMENTAL WORLDVIEWS IN INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES
C
PTS: 1
28-2 LIFE-CENTERED ENVIRONMENTAL WORLDVIEWS
A
PTS: 1
28-2 LIFE-CENTERED ENVIRONMENTAL WORLDVIEWS
C
PTS: 1
28-2 LIFE-CENTERED ENVIRONMENTAL WORLDVIEWS
A
PTS: 1
28-2 LIFE-CENTERED ENVIRONMENTAL WORLDVIEWS
A
PTS: 1
28-2 LIFE-CENTERED ENVIRONMENTAL WORLDVIEWS
C
PTS: 1
28-2 LIFE-CENTERED ENVIRONMENTAL WORLDVIEWS
D
PTS: 1
TOP: 28-3 SOLUTIONS: LIVING MORE SUSTAINABLY
C
PTS: 1
TOP: 28-3 SOLUTIONS: LIVING MORE SUSTAINABLY
D
PTS: 1
TOP: 28-3 SOLUTIONS: LIVING MORE SUSTAINABLY
D
PTS: 1
TOP: 28-3 SOLUTIONS: LIVING MORE SUSTAINABLY
D
PTS: 1
TOP: 28-3 SOLUTIONS: LIVING MORE SUSTAINABLY