source of law

statute
case law; precedent
common law
special law

native law;
indigenous law
adopted law
substantial law
procedural law
fundamental law
exception law

judicial
interpretation
customary law
public order and
moral
natural law
Roman Law
private law
public law
jus civile
jus gentium
civil law system
system of AngloAmerican law
civil law system
common law
continental law
Roman law
system
equity; law of equity
Germantic law
ecclesiastical law
canon law
Islamic law
norm of civil
law
authorization
norm
forbidding norm
obligatory norm
commanding
norm
fundamental
principles of civil law
principle of
equality
principle of free
will
principle of justice
principle of
equal value exchange
principle of
good faith

act
ac
omission
lawful act
unlawful act
civil
right
absolute right
relative right
right of priority
preemption
antecedent right
right of relief
right of dominion
right of claim
right of claim
for real thing
right of formation
right of claiming
cancellation
right of claiming
cancellation

right of
renouncement
subrogated right
right of choice
right of admission
right of termination
right of defense
momentary
right of defense
permanent
counter-argument right
unstable
counter-argument right
defense
right
of
simultaneous
performance
tested right
expectant right
exclusive right
non-exclusive
right
personal right
human right
right of personality
right of life and
health
right of name
right of name
right of portraiture
right of freedom
right reputation
right of privacy
right of
privacy

1/8

virginity right
right of status

parental power;
parental right
right of relative
visitation right
right of spouse
right of honor
protection of
right
public protection
self-protection
standard of right
standard of
society
irresponsible
right
justifiable right;
ligitimate defence
act of defence
self-conducting
act
act of rescue;
necessity
act of self-help
force majeure
accident
capacity for act
capacity of will
civil act
declaration of
intention
meeting of
minds; consensus
perfect
capacity for act
restrictive
capacity for act

quasiinterdicted person
protection
minor who is
capable of administering his
own capacity
incapacity for
act
interdicted person
natural person
citizen
domicile
residence
frequently
dwelling place
census register
guardianship
individual
business



leaseholding rural household
partnership
partner

partnership
agreement
property of
partnership

debt of
partnership
join partnership

withdrawal from
partnership

partnership
business establishment
partnership
partnership of
legal person

special
partnership

general
partnership

limited
partnership
civil partnership

sleeping
partnership;
dormant
partnership
private enterprise;
proprietorship
legal person
legal body of
enterprise

group of
enterprise
affiliate enterprise
individual
business establishment
solely stateowned enterprise
Sino-foreign
joint venture enterprise
Sino-foreign
contractual enterprise
legal body of
mass organization
legal body of
financial group
joint venture
association of
legal persons
coordinated
management in partnership
cooperationtype
coordinated
management
cooperative

civil legal act

unilateral civil legal act
bilateral
civil legal act
joint act
civil legal act
civil
legal act with consideration
civil
legal
act
without
consideration; civil legal act
without award

practical civil legal act

consental civil legal act

formal
civil legal act

informal civil legal act

causative civil legal act

noncausative civil legal act

principal
civil legal act
accessory
civil legal act

conditional civil legal act

civil
legal act with term
civil
legal act before death
civil
legal act after death
quasi-civil
legal act
ineffective act
revocable
civil act
illegal act;
unlawful act
tort
fraud
duress
taking advantage
of others precarious position

legal form concealing illegal

intention

malicious
collaboration

gross
misunderstanding

2/8

obvious unjust
misrepresentation
agency
principal
principal
trustee
agent
original agent
statutory agent;
legal agent
agent by
mandate
designated
agent
subagent
subagent
subagent
right of agency

act of
authorization
power of
attorney
act of agency
agency by
mandate
original agency
subagency
subagency
authorized agency
agency by
estoppel; apparent agency
agency by lawyer
general agency
general agency
general
power of attorney
joint agency
sole agency
brokerage
broker
commission; broker
house
trust
time limit; prescription;
limitation
suspension of
prescription/limitation
interruption of
limitation/prescription
extension of
limitation

acquisitive
prescription
lapse of time;
termination of prescription
date


term
civil relations
with foreign elements
rule of conflict
applicable law;
governing law
renvoi; remission
transmission
identification
reserve of
public order
evasion of law
nationality
nationalization
legal liability

civil
liability/responsibility
administrative
liability/responsibility

criminal
liability/responsibility
liability of breach
of contract; responsibility of
default
limited liability
unlimited liability
shared/several
liability
joint and several
liability
liability for
negligence;
negligent
liability
fault liability;
liability for fault
sole fault
joint fault
mixed fault
victims fault
third partys
fault
presumptive fault
bad faith; malice
deliberate intention;
intention; willfulness
negligence
gross negligence
careless
and inadvertent negligence
negligence
with undue assumption
facts of damage

tangible
damage/loss

intangible
damage/loss

property
damage/loss

personal
damage/loss

spiritual
damage/loss
methods
of bearing civil liability

cease the
infringing act
exclusion of
hindrance;
removal
of
obstacle
elimination of
danger
restitution of
property

restitution;
restitution of original state
compensate for a
loss; indemnify for a loss
payment of
liquidated damage
eliminate ill
effects
rehabilitate ones
reputation
extend a formal
apology
jus ad rem; right in
rem; real right
real right system;
right in rem system
the principal
of One thing, One Right
principal of
legality of right in rem
principal of
public summons of right in
rem
jus rerem
property
raw material for
production

means of
livelihood;
means
of
subsistence
res in commercium;
a thing in commerce

limited
merchantable thing
res extra
commercium; a thing out of
commerce
asset
fixed asset

3/8

current asset;
floating asset
movables; chattel
immovable; real
estate
res certae; a certain
thing
genus; indefinite
thing
res divisibiles;
divisible things
res indivisibiles;
indivisible things

res capitalis; a
principal thing
res accessoria; an
accessory thing
original thing
fruits
natural fruits
legal fruits
bona vacatia; vacant
goods; ownerless goods
lost property
drifting object
fortuna; hidden
property
currency
securities
bond
classification of
right in rem/real right
jus in re propria;
right of full ownership

dominium;
ownership; title
document of
title; title of ownership
dominium utile;
equitable ownership
right of use; right to
use of
right to earnings;
right to yields
right of disposing;
jus dispodendi
possession in
good faith

malicious
possession
several possession
joint possession
jus in re aliena
real right for
usufruct
right to use; right of
use


right to the use
of land
forest ownership
mining ownership

managerial
authority;
power
of
management
right to
contracted management
neighboring right;
relatedright
superficies
jus emphyteuticum;
right to landed estate granted
in perpetuity through a
contract
servitude; easement
servitus personarum;
personal servitude
real right for
security
security for thing
warranty
against defect of a thing

hypotheca;
hypothecation;
right
to
mortgage
creation of
right to mortgage
mortgagor
mortgagee
collateral;
estate under mortgage
deffect of
right to mortgage
sequence of
right to mortgage
abandonment
of right to mortgage
alienation of
right to mortgage

materialization of right to
mortgage
extinction of
right to
mortgageregistration
of
estate under mortgage
registration of
estate under mortgage
priority of
mortgage
lien
general lien
special lien
hypotheque; pledge;
right of pledge

tenant right
jus in personam; right
to give or procure; claim;
creditors right
creditor
debtor
counterpart; offeree
give; pay

debt; liability;
obligation
payment of debt
discharge of
debt
guarantee of
debt
consolidation of
debt
debt
maturity
exemption of
debt

obligatio;
obligation
legal obligation

voluntary
obligation
simple obligation

alternative
obligation

prime/principal
obligation
accessory obligation
single obligation
several obligation
joint obligation
certain obligation

indefinite
obligation

contractual
obligation

tort
obligation
obligation of
compensation for injury;
obligation of damages
damage to person

moral/mental/spiritual
damage
hospital treatment
expense
medical charge
pension
consolation money
defect of product
unjust enrichment

4/8

voluntary service
guarantee of
obligation

property
guarantee
credit guarantee

alienation
guarantee
guaranty
express guaranty
implied guaranty
guarantor
contract of
guaranty/suretyship
guaranty bond;
security deposit
deposit; foregift
advanced payment
earnest money; deposit
liquidated damages
liquidated
damages by law
liquidated
damages by agreement
performance of
obligation
doctrine of
specific performance
doctrine of
change of circumstances
misfeasance
discharge; satisfaction
debtors submission of
the subject matter of
obligation to competent
authority
setoff

intellectual
property

international protection of
intellectual property
doctrine of
national treatment
a right of
priority doctrine
doctrine of
automatic protection
royalties

intellectual
property
copyright
copyright
copyright owner
creation
opus; product; work


right of
personality of copyright
right of publication
right of authorship;
right of paternity

right of
modification;
right
of
revision
right to
maintain integrity
inviolability
right of recall; right
of retrieval
publish a book at
the authors own expense
property right
in work
right to
share usufruct
right to make use of
right to get
payment

right of
rebroadcasting
right of fixation
right of
mechanograph; right of
mechanical reproduction
neighboring
right of copyright
plagiary; plagiarism
pirate
VCD pirated VCD
forge
industrial property
patent right
priority date
prior
application rule
priority of use
novelty
creativity
practicability
invention and
creation
utility model
design; industrial
design
right of invention
right of discovery
patent application
objection to a
patent
patent gazette
renewal fee of
patent
patent

licensing agreement
know-how
know-how
certificate of
patent
patent office
patent agency

Patent Office of the Peoples

Republic of China
trademark right
international
registration of trademark

commodity
trademark
service trademark
reputed trademark
advertisement
trademark
similar trademark
trade
review and appraisal board

trademark
examination

trademark
infringement

registered
trademark
trademark gazette

licensing
of
registered
trademark
assignment
of registered trademark

trademark
licensing
agreement
trademark
office
trademark agency

marriage, family, inheritance,

adoption

marital law;
marriage law
arranged marriage

partition;
dismemberment of property
bigamy
only child
legal marriage
illegitimate
child
community
property

conjugal

5/8

relationship
divorce a mensa et
thoro; divorce from bed and
board
resumption of marriage
incompatibility
notarization
of postnuptial properties

marriage
registration
ligitimate child
birth control
marry
divorce

mercenary
marriage
blood relations in
fiction of law
collateral relation
blood relation
marriage with
foreign elements
spouse
de facto marriage
divorce by
litigation
visitation right
cohabitation
late marriage
void marriage
divorce by
agreement
monogamy
early marriage
lineal descent
natural blood
relation
adoption law

adoption
agreement
adoptive parent
person or institution
placing out a child for
adoption
adoption with
foreign elements
inheritance law; law
of succession
legal seccession

intestate
succession
succession by
devise
natural succession
representation;
succession by subrogation

hereditary


succession

indirect
succession
subsuccession
joint succession
single succession
heir; successor
successor
second in order
successor
first in order
succession
participant
inheritance; heritage
heir to property;
inheritor
last will and testament
last words
bequest; legacy; devise
legacysupport agreement
accounting law
tax law; taxation law
anti-unfair
competition law

consumers
interest
protection law
production
liability law
consumer
rights and interests law
company law;
corporate law
company; corporation
limited
liability company
company
limited by shares

unlimited
company
joint stock
limited liability partnership
joint liability
company
holding company
group company
joint venture
company

associated
company; affiliated company

state-own
company
state-owned
company
civilian-run

company
national/domestic
company
foreign company
listed company
parent company
subsidiary

briefcase
company; fundless company
incorporation by
stock floatation
floater; initiator
name of company
domicile of
company
contribution; capital
subscription
investment in cash
investment in kind
investment in
industrial property right
investment
in non-patent technology
investment in
labor

investment
in
hi-tech
achievements
registered capital
paid-in capital

capital
verification report
certified
public accountants
certified public
accountant
three doctrine
of capital
doctrine of
capital determination
doctrine of
capital maintenance
doctrine of
unchanging capital
minimum
capital system

articles of
association;
articles
of
incorporation; bylaw
incorporation;
corporate registration
existence of
company
merger and
split of company
corporate merger
and acquisition

6/8

corporate
governance;
company
management
corporate
counsel

company
rectification

closure of
business

company
composition

company
dissolution

company
liquidation

company
winding-up
non-commpete;
competition prohibition
prospectus
stock capital
shareholder
shareholders
meeting
resolution of
shareholders meeting
rule of
procedure of shareholders
meeting
voting right; right to
vote
director
president/chairman
of the board
chief executive
officer(CEO)
chief operation
officer(COO)
executive director
managing director
board of directors

responsibility system of
the chief executive officer
under the leadership of the
board of directors
manager
independent
responsibility
system
supervisor
board of supervisors
share; stock
common stock
special stock
qualification stock
preferred stock
inferior stock


stock with voting
power
premium stock
converting stock
state-owned share
collective share
corporate share
enterprise share
individual share
dividend
bonus stock; dividend
stock

legal
accumulation fund

capital
accumulation fund

surplus
accumulation fund
optional
accumulation fund
corporate crime
securities law
issuance of
securities
list securities;
float an issue
stock exchange
securities dealer

securities
company
consortium of
underwriters
underwriting
contract
securities
broker
disclosing system
closing date
venture
capital fund
Shanghai
Stock Exchange
Shenzhen
Stock Exchange
securities
supervision committee
law of negotiable
instrument

notes; bills;
commercial instruments
bill; commercial
instrument
time bill;; longdated bill
matured bill
sight bill

bill payable to
order; note to order

bearer
instrument
promissory note
cheque
bill of exchange
ticket day
date of draft/issue
place of draft/issue
bill to mature
sum of bill
face value
drawer
bill holder
bill acceptor
act on commercial
paper
honor a bill
negotiation
protest a bill
drawee
payer on
commercial instrument
bill collector

endorser/indorser of a bill
endorsee
bill guarantor

bill
pledgee/warrantee
renewed recourser
remote holder
subsequent endorser
right of bill
term of bill; tenor
debtor of
commercial instrument
right of recourse
exception to bill
loss of bill
prescription of
exchanges
discount of bill
rediscount of bill

term of
benevolence
agency for
notes/bills/commercial
instruments
maritime law
certificate of
registry; certificate of ships
nationality
flag country

7/8

certificate
of ship ownership
register of ship
insurance on hull
hull insurance
policy
certificate of
registry

tonnage
measurement of ships
groundage
ship mortgage
ship chartering
ship subchartering

limitation of liabilities of
ship owners
ship collision
maritime distress
perils of the sea
marine towage
detention of ship
ships credit
classification society
certificate of class
maritime lien
maritime lien
maritime
mortgage
priority
claim to seagoing ships
priority claim to
salvage
priority
claim to general average
priority claim to
service
priority
claim to cargo damage

priority claim to
ship credit and goods credit
shipping contract
bill of lading(B/L)
dead freight
charterage
charter-party
contract of affreightment
time charterparty; time CP
voyage
charter-party
time charterparty
bareboat
charter-party; bareboat CP
shipping


charter-party
contract
for carriage of passengers by
sea
contract of
ocean towage
contract of
port towage
salvage
contract
masters protest;;
sea protest
sea protest
maritime dispute
maritime court;;
admiralty court
maritime
proceedings

civil jurisdiction of sea

collision

criminal jurisdiction of
sea collision

hearing/trial of maritime
disputes

measures
for
maritime
attachment

preferential
right
top
maritime claim

application/petition
for
maritime attachment

service of legal instruments

in
maritime
action/proceedings

jurisdiction of maritime
action involving for elements

compulsory realization of the

distrained ship
rules of
maritime
arbitration
procedure
insurance law

voluntary
insurance
compulsory
insurance
commercial
insurance
property insurance
personal insurance
life insurance
health insurance
accident insurance
social insurance
endowment
insurance
medical insurance
unemployment
insurance

8/8

credit insurance

guaranty
insurance
insurance contract
insurer; underwriter
the insured
benificiary

applicant for
insurance;; policy holder
insurance policy
insurance object
premium
time limit of
insurance
insurable interest

insurance;
insurance compensation
insurance accident

insurance
indemnity
insurance agent
insurance
broker
claim

claim by
subrogation
settlement of claim
right of
subrogation
abandonment

cancellation/discharging of
insurance