AC VOLTAGE PROFILE

EDSA MICRO CORPORATION

16870 West Bernardo Drive, Suite 330
San Diego, CA 92127
U.S.A.

Copyright 2007
All Rights Reserved

Version 5.00.00

AC Voltage Profile

Table of Contents
Capabilities, Functions and Features........................................................................................ 1
AC Voltage Profiles...................................................................................................................... 1
Introduction................................................................................................................................ 1
How To Create A Voltage Profile Job ................................................................................... 3
How To Run A Voltage Profile Job...................................................................................... 14
Voltage Profile Results .............................................................................................................. 17

Note: You can view this manual on your CD as an Adobe Acrobat PDF file. The file
name is:

AC Voltage Profile

ACVP.pdf

You will find the Test/Job files used in this tutorial in the following location:

C:\EDSAT2K\Samples\ACVoltProf
Test Files:

AC Voltage Profile

Vprof
VP1

Copyright 2001
All Rights Reserved

AC Voltage Profile
Capabilities, Functions and Features
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

Uses the Advanced Powerflow Engine to Simulate Power Systems Loads Defined in Multiple
Time Periods
Simulate AC Transit Systems (e.g. Trains Systems, Metro Systems)
Simulate Train Regeneration State
Simulate Moving/Variable Loads
User-Defined Time and Load Type in each Period
Simulation of Plant Start-Up and Shut Down Process
Simulate Motor Starting Process
Time Period is Definable in Minutes or Seconds
Evenly Spaced Time Step or User-Defined Time Step
Supported Load Types are: Constant kVA, Constant Current, Constant Impedance or Exponential
function of Voltage for Each Time Step
User-Defined Load/Train Position at Each Time Step
Comprehensive Reporting, Text Output as Well as Graphical Display of Results
Complete System Report at Each Time Interval

AC Voltage Profiles
Introduction
AC Voltage Profile Program extends the Object Oriented Load Flow program to simulate power
systems with multiple time periods. The time and the load type and values in each period are user
definable. The program can be used in simulation of plant start-up and shut down process, exact
motor starting process, ac transit systems and other multi-periodS processes. The program in its
present version is able to model up to 24 time periods in each job file. A time period is definable
in minutes or seconds.
This section illustrates how to create and run AC Voltage Profile jobs, assuming that the users
are familiar with the EDSA Object Oriented Load Flow program. A sample voltage profile job is
created and used for this illustration. The voltage profile program includes Motor Starting Bus
and Transit System node types, in addition to all the node types available in the Load Flow
program. The available branch types in the voltage profile program are the same as those in the
Load Flow program. The following screen shows the node types available in the voltage profile
program:

AC Voltage Profile

AC Voltage Profile
How To Create A Voltage Profile Job
1.

Create a new job file.

Select File New.

Select Electrical One-Line Industrial.axt, then click

AC Voltage Profile

Type vp1 in the file name field. The extension of this file is EPR. Click

2.

Build Master File.

Enter up to seven lines project information. Enter Project Number then click Network Settings.

AC Voltage Profile

Enter Base KVA and Network Frequency. Select Units Type and Default Data Input Method unit.
Select LF in Temperature in use and enter the LF Reference Temperature. Click Visibility.

Check View Voltage Profile and click

AC Voltage Profile

Click Time Periods.

Select Time Units. Enter Number of Periods, (which can be up to 24). If the time periods are evenly
spaced, check Evenly Spaced and enter the total time. Otherwise, leave Evenly Spaced unchecked and
.
enter the time for each period. Click
6

AC Voltage Profile

3.

Build a drawing using the bus and branch specifications as follow:

3.1

For a Swing Bus, each period can have different Actual Voltages. This also applies to a UPS
SOURCE bus.

Enter Bus Label and System/Nominal voltage. Select S-Swing Bus for Load Characteristic. Select
Voltage Units. Click Profile.

AC Voltage Profile

Enter actual L-L voltage for each period. Click

3.2

For a Constant KVA Bus, period loads can be defined. This also applies to Constant Current and
Constant Impedance buses.

Click Profile.

AC Voltage Profile

Enter load KW and KVAR values for each period and click
3.3

For a Motor Starting Bus, period load types and values can be defined.
Users can define the detailed motor behavior under starting condition in up to 24 time periods for
precise motor starting simulation.

Select M Motor Starting Bus from Custom. Enter Rated Voltage. Click OK.

AC Voltage Profile

Enter load KW and KVAR for each period. Motor can be defined as different load type in each period for
precise representation.

3.4

For a Transit System Bus, period load types and values, the train feeder impedance and the train
positions need to be defined.

10

AC Voltage Profile

Enter Bus Label and System Voltage. Select TTransit System from Custom. Enter Rated
Voltage. Click OK.

Enter load type, KW, KVAR and the train position, which is the percentage distance to the From-station. A
train-load can be negative when it is in type L or I, as shown in the 9 period of the above picture. A

11

AC Voltage Profile

negative load is equal to a source power. This simulates a train regeneration situation when the train is in
.
its breaking stage. Click

3.5

Train Feeders.

Train feeders are the feeders connecting a train bus to train stations. The impedances of the train feeders
will be modified in the program according to the total feeder impedance and the position of the train
defined in the train bus editor. The impedance values of train feeders defined in the branch editor are not
important or do not affect the simulation results.
For the given example, the impedances of the following train feeders do not affect the simulation results.

12

AC Voltage Profile

4. The ECAD one-line diagram of the example is as follows:

13

AC Voltage Profile
How To Run A Voltage Profile Job
1.

Select Analysis Load Flow AC Voltage Profile as shown in the following screen capture.

14

AC Voltage Profile

2.

Open the job file from AC Voltage Profile Program menu if the file has not been automatically
copied from the ECAD menu. Click the

Choose a Load Flow method and click

symbol to run the voltage profile.

15

AC Voltage Profile

Load flow convergence information is shown. Click Done.

3.

Select Results. There will be three options: VProfile Text, VProfile Graphic and LF Details.
These three options provide complete output reports in various formats.

16

AC Voltage Profile

The Load Flow results can also be viewed through clicking Browser as follows:

Voltage Profile Results

1.

Text Result Report

17

AC Voltage Profile

Select Results VProfile Text.

Double click a single bus to show the single bus voltage profile result. Click
bus voltage profile results.

to show all the

The following are voltage profile results for the UTILITY bus shown in the Generator box and for the 0001
bus shown in the NCtrBus (non-contributing bus). The period KVAs for 0001 bus are zero, as this is a
non-contributing bus.
Copyright (c) 2001, EDSA MICRO CORP.
EDSA AC Voltage Profile Program v3.00.00

Job File: C:\EDSAT2K\Projects\VP1

Page
1
10/13/2001 05:22:57 pm

Checked by:

Date:

Bus Load Summary

================

Period

Total Time

KVA

Voltage

(min)

(pu)

(pu)

----------------------------------Bus 0001
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

1
2
4
6
10
14
24
34
39
44

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.99
0.99
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.98
1.00
1.01
1.01
1.01

2.24
2.17
2.10
2.04
1.97
1.90
1.84
1.77
1.71
1.64

0.99
0.99
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.97
1.00
1.00
1.01
1.01

Bus CONST_P

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

1
2
4
6
10
14
24
34
39
44

18

AC Voltage Profile
Bus MOTOR
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

2
4
6
10
14
24
34
39
44

0.00
2.41
2.39
0.43
0.43
0.45
0.45
0.46
0.46

0.99
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.97
1.00
1.00
1.01
1.01

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.99
0.99
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.97
1.00
1.00
1.01
1.01

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.99
0.99
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.97
1.00
1.00
1.01
1.01

3.61
2.24
1.10
1.10
0.77
0.77
0.81
0.50
0.28
0.00

0.99
0.99
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.97
1.00
1.00
1.01
1.01

5.89
4.44
5.64
5.55
3.19
3.11
3.10
2.68
2.08
2.11

1.00
1.00
0.99
0.99
0.98
0.98
1.00
1.01
1.01
1.02

Bus STATION1

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

1
2
4
6
10
14
24
34
39
44

Bus STATION2

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

1
2
4
6
10
14
24
34
39
44

Bus TRAIN

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

1
2
4
6
10
14
24
34
39
44

Bus UTILITY

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

1
2
4
6
10
14
24
34
39
44

19

AC Voltage Profile
2.

Graphic Result Report

Select Results VProfile Graphic.

Click any desired bus to graphically show the bus voltage profile.

20

AC Voltage Profile

The graphics for the CONST_P, TRAIN and MSTART buses are shown as follows:

The train bus voltage decreases due to the voltage drop on the From side train feeder. The voltage
increases in period 9, due to regeneration of the train in this period.

21

AC Voltage Profile

3.

Detailed Object Oriented Load Flow Result Report

The detailed Object Oriented Load Flow result report for every period is also available in the voltage
profile program.

22

AC Voltage Profile

Select Results LF Details.

Put number 5 and click

to examine the detailed Object Oriented Load Flow results of period 5.

. The detailed Load Flow output format is the same as

Check the desired options and click
the T&D Load Flow Output of the Load Flow program.

23

AC Voltage Profile

Copyright (c) 2001, EDSA MICRO CORP.

EDSA AC Voltage Profile Program v3.00.00

Job File: C:\EDSAT2K\Projects\VP1

Page
1
10/13/2001 05:24:18 pm

Checked by:

Date:

AC Voltage Profile Exemple 1

VP1

System Information
==================

Base KVA
Frequency
Unit System
MaxIterations
Error Tolerance

=
=
=
=
=

100 (kva)
60 (HZ)
U.S. Standard
20
0 (kva), 0.000100 (pu),

#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#

of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of

Nodes entered
Total Buses/Nodes
Swing Buses
Generators
Branches entered
Total Branches
Transformers
Reactors
C.B.

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

7
7
1
0
6
6
0
0
0

#
#
#
#
#

of
of
of
of
of

Active sources
Inactive sources
Active loads
Inactive loads
Open Switches

=
=
=
=
=

1
0
1
0
0

0.0100 (%)

Convergence Information
=======================

Load Flow Converged !

Iteration: 0

Bus
STATION2

Max Power Mismatches

dPmax
Bus
0.000003
STATION2
0.000260

dQmax
0.000001 (PU)
0.000148 (KVA)

Summary of Total Generation and Demand

======================================

P(KW)

Q(KVAR)

S(KVA)

PF(%)

286.840
0.000

138.600
0.000

318.570
0.000

90.0
0.0

285.368
1.472
----------0.001

137.472
1.128
---------0.000

316.754

90.1

Swing Bus(es):
Generators
:
Total Load
Total Loss

:
:

Mismatch

Copyright (c) 2001, EDSA MICRO CORP.

EDSA AC Voltage Profile Program v3.00.00

Job File: C:\EDSAT2K\Projects\VP1

Page
3
10/13/2001 05:24:18 pm

Checked by:

Date:

Bus Data
========
# Bus

Label

1 UTILITY
2 0001

My Utility

V
Mag(V) Ang(deg)
S
N

472.000
480.000

0
0

P
(KW)

Q
(KVAR)

0
0.000

0
0.000

24

C
(KVAR)

AC Voltage Profile
3
4
5
6
7

CONST_P
MOTOR
STATION1
STATION2
TRAIN

Const_P
Motor
Station 1
Station 2
Train

L
M
N
N
T

480.000
480.000
480.000
480.000
480.000

0
0
0
0
0

Total Generating Sources

Total Bus Loads

-180
-80
-40
-20
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-70
-40
-------- -------- -------0.000
0
0.000
-290
-140

Swing & Generator Buses

BUS

Label

UTILITY

My Utility

V,QMax

(Volts)
S

V,QMin

(PU,KVAR)

472.000

Branch Data
===========
Feeder YShunt as: 1/2 branch Y
# From

To

Code/Label

R
(Ohms)

X
(Ohms)

1
2
3
4
5
6

TRAIN
STATION2
CONST_P
MOTOR
STATION1
0001

Rail
Rail
250
250
250
250

0.0000
0.0000
0.0022
0.0022
0.0022
0.0022

0.0000
0.0000
0.0017
0.0017
0.0017
0.0017

STATION1
TRAIN
0001
0001
0001
UTILITY

B/2
(Mhos)

Tap
(PU)

Transformer Data
================

Pri.

Bus ID
Sec.

Code/Label
Tert.

Pri.

Tap
Sec.

Tert.

Bus Voltage Results

===================

# BUS

Label

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

My Utility

UTILITY
0001
CONST_P
MOTOR
STATION1
STATION2
TRAIN

V
DROP
(VOLTS) (%)

Const_P
Motor
Station 1
Station 2
Train

S
N
L
M
N
N
T

472.000
470.163
469.028
469.914
469.710
469.710
469.710

1.67
2.05
2.29
2.10
2.14
2.14
2.14

ANG
(DEG)
0.0
0.0
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1

P
(KW)

Q
(KVAR)

PF
(%)

287
0.000
-180
-38
0.000
0.000
-67

139
0.000
-80
-19
0.000
0.000
-38

90

Voltage Violation Report

========================
BUS

Label

Bus Voltage
UpperLim LowerLim
(volts)
(pu)
(%)
(%)
No voltage violations found!

Branch Power Flow Values

========================
#

From

-> To

1
2
3
4
5
6

STATION1
TRAIN
0001
0001
0001
UTILITY

TRAIN
STATION2
CONST_P
MOTOR
STATION1
0001

Code/Label

P
(KW)

Q
(KVAR)

Rail
Rail
250
250
250
250

67
0.000
180
38
67
287

38
0.000
80
19
38
139

25

T-KVA
(KVA)

91
89

87

AC Voltage Profile

To

->

1
2
3
4
5
6

TRAIN
STATION2
CONST_P
MOTOR
STATION1
0001

From

Code/Label

P
(KW)

Q
(KVAR)

STATION1
TRAIN
0001
0001
0001
UTILITY

Rail
Rail
250
250
250
250

-67
0.000
-180
-38
-67
-286

-38
0.000
-80
-19
-38
-138

Loss
(KW)
(KVAR)
0.000
0.000
0.389
0.018
0.060
1

0.000
0.000
0.298
0.014
0.046
0.770

Branch Current Flow Values

==========================
#

From

To

Code/Label

CURRENT
(A)

ANGLE
(Deg)

1
2
3
4
5
6

STATION1
TRAIN
0001
0001
0001
UTILITY

TRAIN
STATION2
CONST_P
MOTOR
STATION1
0001

Rail
Rail
250
250
250
250

94.895
0.000
242.469
52.661
94.895
389.675

-30
-150
-24
-27
-30
-26

AMPACITY F-LOADING
(A)
(%)
132.000
132.000
255.000
255.000
255.000
255.000

72%
0%
95%
21%
37%
153%

Line Current Loading Violations

===============================
From

To

Code/Label

TRAIN
0001
0001

STATION2 Rail
MOTOR
250
STATION1 250

UTILITY

0001

Current
(A)

250

Ampacity Loading Over

(A)
(%)
(%)

Under
(%)

0
53
95

132
255
255

0%
21%
37%

100.0%
100.0%
100.0%

50.0% under
50.0% under
50.0% under

390

255

153%

100.0%

50.0% over

Copyright (c) 2001, EDSA MICRO CORP.

EDSA AC Voltage Profile Program v3.00.00

Job File: C:\EDSAT2K\Projects\VP1

Page
12
10/13/2001 05:24:18 pm

Checked by:

Date:

Transformer Loading
===================
#

Pri.

Sec.

Tert.

Code/Label

T-KVA
(KVA)

T-loading
(KVA)

Loading
(%)

Transformer Loading Violations

==============================
#

Pri.

Sec.

Tert.

T-KVA
(KVA)

T-loading Loading
(KVA)
(%)

No Xfr violations found!

26

OverLim
(%)

UnderLim
(%)

AC Voltage Profile
4.

Browse Buses and Branches

Click the Browser.

Let us select period 5 and click

27

AC Voltage Profile

Let us click Bus All.

Click TRAIN and the train bus voltage and power flows are shown in the right box in the above picture.
Every bus and branch can be browsed in either graphic or text format.

28