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Chemistry
Name
_________________________________
Period
___
Date
______/______/______
List
at
least
5
other
real
life
examples
of
gases
and
their
uses/effects.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Demonstrations
on
Air
Pressure:
Balloon
in
a
vacuum
-
Observations:
Explanation
Hot
water
in
a
vacuum
-
Observations
Explanation
(From
this
demonstration,
does
water
on
top
of
a
mountain
boil
at
a
higher
or
lower
temperature?)
Water
in
a
can;
heated
and
inverted
in
cold
water:
Observations:
Explanation
Units
of
Pressure
In
S.I.
units,
pressure
is
measured
in
pascals
(Pa)
Standard
Atmospheric
Pressure
=
1
atmosphere
= 101.3 kPa
= 760 mm Hg or torr
Gas
Conversions
Convert:
72.9cm
Hg
to
kilopascals
and
atmospheres:
(a)
to
kilopascals
72.9
cm
Hg
x
10
=
729
mm
Hg
729
mm
Hg
x
101.3
kPa
=
97.2
kPa
760
mm
Hg
(b)
to
atm
97.2
kPa
x
1
atm
=
0.960
atm
101.3
kPa
eg)
Yesterday,
the
atmospheric
pressure
was
103.55kPa.
Convert
this
to
mmHg
and
to
atm.
Units
of
Temperature
Converting
between
Kelvin
and
Celsius:
K
=
oC
+
273
Convert
the
following:
_______
oC
=
298
K
100
oC
=
_______
K
-147oC
=
______K
Zero
Kelvin
is
also
known
as
_________________________________________________________________
This
is
the
temperature
where
_______________________________________________________________
KMT:
Kinetic
Molecular
Theory
(Zumdahl
13.8)
The
kinetic
molecular
theory
describes
the
molecules
movement
in
solids,
liquids
and
gases.
We
will
focus
on
the
gas
part
of
this
theory
an
ideal
gas.
Go
to
the
following
link
to
learn
about
KMT.
http://tinyurl.com/KMtheory
1.
All
matter
is
composed
of
tiny
_________________________
2.
Particles
are
in
constant
____________________
3.
Temperature
(aka.
average
kinetic
energy)
is
proportional
to
________________________________
K.E.
=
mv2
where
m=
mass
v=
speed
Increasing
the
temperature
increases
the
kinetic
energy
of
the
molecules.
4.
Solids,
liquids
and
gases
differ
in
the
_________________
of
motion
of
their
particles
and
the
extent
to
which
the
particles
______________________.
Look
over
the
information
on
solids
and
liquids
but
fill
in
the
following
notes
on
gases.
1.
Gases
have
a
low
density
Volume
of
the
molecules
are
SO
(small/large)
___________
they
can
be
almost
ignored
compared
with
the
total
volume
of
the
container.
2.
Gases
are
highly
compressible
The
volume
occupied
by
a
gas
is
almost
entirely
_______________
applying
pressure
pushes
the
gas
molecules
closer
together
reducing
the
volume.
3.
Collisions
are
elastic
no
energy
loss
in
a
collision.
No
__________________forces
between
molecules.
4.
Collisions
change
the
_____________
and
________________
of
the
particles.
Gases
completely
fill
their
container
Fill
in
the
blank
related
to
KMT
Gas
particles
are
always
(moving/still)________________________
Volume
(does/does
not)_______________
take
into
account
the
actual
volume
of
the
gas
particles
Gas
pressure
is
created
by:
__________________________________________________________
Collisions
are
considered
(elastic/inelastic)
____________________________________
Increasing
temperature
causes:
_______________________________________________________
Ideally,
there
are
(attractions/no
attractions)
between
the
gas
particles.
Gas
Laws:
We
can
relate
variables
of
pressure,
temperature,
volume
and
moles
of
a
gas
in
a
variety
of
ways.
These
are
known
as
the
Gas
Laws,
and
can
be
expressed
mathematically.
Summary
(after
reviewing
each,
you
may
want
to
come
back
and
summarize
key
equations
Boyles
Law
Charles
Law
Gay
Lusaacs
Law
Combined
Gas
Law
Avogadros
Law
Ideal
Gas
Law
Daltons
Law
Grahams
Law
Charles
Law
Question:
A
1.50L
balloon
is
heated
from
20oC
to
80oC
at
constant
pressure.
Determine
the
new
volume
of
the
balloon
after
it
is
heated.
Define
variables:
Statement
____________________________________________________________________________
Pressure/Temperature
Law
(Gay
Lussacs
Law)
When
the
temperature
on
a
sample
of
gas
is
increased
the
pressure
_____________
A
mathematical
expression
that
describes
Gay
Lussacs
Law
is:
Sketch
of
graph:
Gay
Lussacs
Law
Question:
A
solid
metal
sphere
with
a
volume
of
0.750L
at
a
pressure
of
600torr,
is
heated
from
15.0oC
to
75.5oC.
Determine
the
new
pressure
in
torr
and
kPa.
Define
variables:
Statement
____________________________________________________________________________
Avogadros
Principle
(Zumdahl
13.4)
At
conditions
of
constant
temperature
and
pressure,
the
volume
of
a
sample
of
ideal
gas
is
_____________
proportional
to
the
number
of
moles
of
gas
present
A
mathematical
expression
that
summarizes
Avogadros
Law
is:
Question:
If
0.214
mol
of
argon
gas
occupies
a
volume
of
652
mL
at
a
particular
temperature
and
pressure,
what
volume
would
0.375
mol
of
argon
have
under
the
same
conditions?
Question:
In
the
reaction
where
gaseous
nitrogen
and
gaseous
chlorine
combine
to
produce
gaseous
nitrogen
trichloride,
determine
the
volume
of
reactants
needed
to
produce
10L
of
nitrogen
chloride,
under
similar
conditions.
Question:
In
the
production
of
ammonia
from
hydrogen
and
nitrogen
gases,
a) What
volume
of
Nitrogen
is
needed
to
react
completely
with
3.69L
of
hydrogen
gas?
b) What
volume
of
ammonia
will
form?
Gas
Stoichiometry
(Zumdahl
13.10)
Problem:
Consider
the
following
unbalanced
chemical
equation
for
the
decomposition
of
nitrogen
triiodide
NI3(s)
N2(g)
+
I2(s)
o
What
volume
of
nitrogen
gas
is
produced
at
27 C
and
659
mm
Hg
if
1.24
g
of
nitrogen
triiodide
decomposes?
(Molar
mass
of
NI3
=
394.74gmol)
Statement:
___________________________________________________________________________
Problem:
Consider
the
equation:
CaCO3(s)
CaO(s)
+
CO2(g)
a) What
volume
of
CO2
collected
at
55oC
and
a
pressure
of
99.0kPa
is
produced
by
complete
decomposition
of
10.01
g
of
CaCO3?
(Molar
mass
of
CaCO3=
100.09g/mol)
Statement:
___________________________________________________________________________
b) What
volume
of
gas
is
collected
at
STP
by
the
complete
decomposition
of
10.01
g
of
CaCO3?
(use
moles
from
part
a))
Statement:
___________________________________________________________________________
Problem:
Consider
the
following
unbalanced
chemical
equation:
Si(s)
+
N2(g)
Si3N4(s)
If
90.35L
of
nitrogen
gas,
measured
at
100oC
and
1.055
atm
,
is
reacted
with
115g
of
Si,
what
mass
of
Si3N4
is
formed?
(Molar
mass
of
Si3N4
=
140.31g/mol)
Statement:
___________________________________________________________________________
Problem:
If
in
the
reaction
where
2.5L
of
nitrogen
gas
reacts
with
4.22
L
of
oxygen
gas
to
produce
155L
of
dinitrogen
pentoxide
according
to
the
reaction:
N2(g)
+
O2(g)
N2O5
(g)
a)
Determine
the
limiting
reactant.
b)
Determine
the
volume
of
excess
reactant
remaining.
c)
Determine
the
percent
yield.
Daltons
Law
of
Partial
Pressure
(Zumdahl
13.6)
(see
more
detailed
handouts
regarding
mole
fraction
and
partial
pressures)
Problem:
If
4.0g
oxygen
and
4.0
g
helium
are
placed
in
a
5.0L
vessel
at
65oC,
what
will
be
the
partial
pressure
of
each
gas
and
what
will
be
the
total
pressure?
Statement:
__________________________________________________________________________
Problem:
A
tank
contains
a
mixture
of
3.0
mol
of
N2,
2.0
mol
O2,
and
1.0
mol
of
CO2
at
25oC
and
a
total
pressure
of
10.0
atm.
Calculate
the
partial
pressure
(in
atm)
for
each
gas
in
the
mixture.
Statement:
_____________________________________________________________________
Vapor
Pressure:
http://www.chem.neu.edu/Courses/1131Tom/Lecture11/img005.GIF
http://www.practicalchemistry.org/data/images/originals/combustion-of-hydrogen-in-air-298.jpg
When
gas
is
collected
over
water,
water
vapor
is
also
formed
and
mixed
with
the
gas
collected.
That
is
why
we
use
the
equation:
The
water
pressure
is
a
constant
and
is
related
to
temperature.
You
can
look
this
up
in
a
table.
In
order
for
the
total
pressure
to
equal
the
atmospheric
pressure,
the
water
level
in
the
gas
collecting
container
must
be
_______________________
with
the
water
in
the
container/trough.
A
500.
mL
sample
of
H2
gas
at
24oC
was
prepared
by
the
reaction
of
iron
with
hydrochloric
acid.
2Fe(s)
+
6HCl(aq)
2FeCl3
(aq)
+
3H2(g)
The
hydrogen
thus
prepared
was
collected
by
displacement
of
water.
The
total
pressure
of
gas
collected
was
755mmHg.
a)
What
is
the
partial
pressure
of
H2
in
the
mixture?
b)
How
many
moles
of
H2
are
in
the
mixture?
c)
How
many
grams
of
iron
metal
reacted?