"OVERPOPULATION AND ITS ECONOMIC

EFFECTS"
A)
INTRODUCTION ABOUT OVERPOPULATION
IN THE PHILIPPINES
OVERPOPULATION
-Every second, minute, hours, weeks... There are babies that are born.
Meaning, another person to be taken care of. Another person that will
use our land resources. The problem is, there are too many people that
compete for the wealth of our land
-Many sources, books and articles say that people are the most
important natural resources a land could have. People are the ones
who develop and take care of the nature. People are also the main
users of what the nature could give. It was just yesterday when it
seems that people are not the problem, in fact, they are the factors
that contributes to the betterment of a nation. -Today, it seems that
people are coming way too fast and many already.
But sad to say, the reality is, our nation, the Philippines has this
problem. Overpopulation is and should be everyones concern.
Overpopulation is the reason why our ECONOMY has not yet improved.

Definition
-Human Overpopulation occurs if the number of people in a group
exceeds the carrying capacity of a region occupied by that group.
It is existing when a population cannot be maintained without the
rapid depletion of non-renewable resources or without the
degradation of the capacity of the environment to give support to
the population.
-Overpopulation can result from an increase in births, a decline in
mortality rates, an increase in immigration, or an unsustainable
biome and depletion of resources. It is possible for very sparsely
populated areas to be overpopulated if the area has a meager or
non-existent capability to sustain life
Causes

-The main reason why the Philippines is considered overpopulated

is because of the mismanagement of resources. Because it is
mismanaged, too much people are not getting their fair share of
the resource, even though the actually fair share might sustain
them. So, not being able to sustain a percentage of their
population means there are too many people for the working
system to support, and having too many people would equate to
overpopulation. It is a complex study so it really hard to define
overpopulation, considering resources come from all over the
globe so it's hard to measure just how many the Philippines can
support.
-Others say that the biggest cause of overpopulation in the
Philippines is the lack of education. People there don't have the
knowledge on how to use a contraceptives. Since The big and
powerful Roman Catholic Church (which basically controls the
country) disapproves of any form of sexual education and birth
contraceptives. This explains the lack of sexual education and the
government constant refusal to provide free birth control for it's
citizens.
OTHER CAUSES:
Other causes includes
1.) Decline in the Death Rate:
At the root of overpopulation is the difference between the overall birth rate
and death rate in populations. If the number of children born each year
equals the number of adults that die, then the population will stabilize.
Talking about overpopulation shows that while there are many factors that
can increase the death rate for short periods of time, the ones that increase
the birth rate do so over a long period of time. The discovery of agriculture by
our ancestors was one factor that provided them with the ability to sustain
their nutrition without hunting. This created the first imbalance between the
two rates.
2.) Better Medical Facilities:
Following this came the industrial revolution. Technological advancement was
perhaps the biggest reason why the balance has been permanently
disturbed. Science was able to produce better means of producing food,
which allowed families to feed more mouths. Medical science made many
discoveries thanks to which they were able to defeat a whole range of
diseases. Illnesses that had claimed thousands of lives till now were cured

because of the invention of vaccines. Combining the increase in food supply

with fewer means of mortality tipped the balance and became the starting
point of overpopulation.
3.) More Hands to Overcome Poverty:
However, when talking about overpopulation we should understand that
there is a psychological component as well. For thousands of years, a very
small part of the population had enough money to live in comfort. The rest
faced poverty and would give birth to large families to make up for the high
infant mortality rate. Families that have been through poverty, natural
disasters or are simply in need of more hands to work are a major factor for
overpopulation. As compared to earlier times, most of these extra children
survive and consume resources that are not sufficient in nature.
4.) Technological Advancement in Fertility Treatment:
With latest technological advancement and more discoveries in medical
science, it has become possible for couple who are unable to conceive to
undergo fertility treatment methods and have their own babies. Today there
are effective medicines which can increases the chance of conception and
lead to rise in birth rate. Moreover, due to modern techniques pregnancies
today are far more safer.
5.) Immigration:
Many people prefer to move to developed countries like US, UK, Canada and
Australia where best facilities are available in terms of medical, education,
security and employment. The end result is that those people settle over
there and those places become overcrowded. Difference between the number
of people who are leaving the country and the number of people who enter
narrows down which leads to more demand for food, clothes, energy and
homes. This gives rise to shortage of resources. Though the overall
population remains the same, it just affects the density of population making
that place simply overcrowded
6.) Lack of Family Planning:
Most developing nations have large number of people who are illiterate, live
below the poverty line and have little or no knowledge about family planning.
Getting their children married at an early age increase the chances of
producing more kids. Those people are unable to understand the harmful
effects of overpopulation and lack of ignorance prompts them to avoid family
planning measures.

Effects:
Depletion of Natural Resources:
The effects of overpopulation are quite severe. The first of these is the depletion of
resources. The Earth can only produce a limited amount of water and food, which is
falling short of the current needs. Most of the environmental damage being seen in

the last fifty odd years is because of the growing number of people on the planet.
They are cutting down forests, hunting wildlife in a reckless manner, causing
pollution and creating a host of problems. Those engaged in talking about
overpopulation have noticed that acts of violence and aggression outside of a war
zone have increased tremendously while competing for resources.
Degradation of Environment:
With the overuse of coal, oil and natural gas, it has started producing some serious
effects on our environment. Rise in the number of vehicles and industries have
badly affected the quality of air. Rise in amount of CO2 emissions leads to global
warming. Melting of polar ice caps, changing climate patterns, rise in sea level are
few of the consequences that we might we have to face due to environment
pollution.
Conflicts and Wars:
Overpopulation in developing countries puts a major strain on the resources it
should be utilizing for development. Conflicts over water are becoming a source of
tension between countries, which could result in wars. It causes more diseases to
spread and makes them harder to control. Starvation is a huge issue facing the
world and the mortality rate for children is being fuelled by it. Poverty is the biggest
hallmark we see when talking about overpopulation. All of this will only become
worse if solutions are not sought out for the factors affecting our population. We can
no longer prevent it, but there are ways to control it.
Rise in Unemployment:
When a country becomes overpopulated, it gives rise to unemployment as there
fewer jobs to support large number of people. Rise in unemployment gives rise to
crime as people will steal various items to feed their family and provide them basic
amenities of life.
High Cost of Living:
As difference between demand and supply continues to expand due to
overpopulation, it raises the prices of various commodities including food, shelter
and healthcare. This means that people have to pay more to survive and feed their
families.
BUT THE THING THAT IS REALLY AFFECTED BY OVERPOPULATION IS OUR ECONOMY!

B) ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF
OVERPOPULATION:
1) Poverty
Intro

- Poverty means inability to secure the minimum consumption requirements

for life, health and efficiency on account of insufficient income or property.
These requirements include minimum human needs in respect of food,
clothing, housing, education and health.
-Poverty and inequality in the Philippines remains a challenge. In the past
four decades, the proportion of households living below the official poverty
line has declined slowly and unevenly and poverty reduction has been much
slow.
-Economic growth has gone through boom and bust cycles, and recent
episodes of moderate economic expansion have had limited impact on the
poor. Great inequality across income brackets, regions, and sectors, as well
as unmanaged population growth, are considered some of the key factors
constraining poverty reduction efforts.
-Poverty remains a critical social problem that needs to be addressed.
Philippines' poverty line marks a per capita income of 16,841 pesos a year.

Causes
The main causes of poverty in the country include the following:

low to moderate economic growth for the past 40 years;

Income distribution/ Inequality

weakness in employment generation and the quality of jobs generated;

high inflation during crisis periods;

high levels of population growth;

high and persistent levels of inequality (incomes and assets), which dampen the
positive impacts of economic expansion;

recurrent shocks and exposure to risks such as economic crisis, conflicts, natural
disasters,and "environmental poverty."

Lack of quality education

Lack of Jobs

Corruption

Natural Calamities

Effects
POVERTY AFFECTS THE ECONOMY BECAUSE The effects of it are
very visible in nature. Poverty causes many Filipinos to not pursue
their education. Others seem to be contented of their lives as
poor. While others seem to work by labor, the economy of the
country is also affected in such a way that the economic activities
are too domestic in nature, and decreasing the country's ability to
make a way to international economics. but mainly Mainly, the
number of people living in poverty influences employment rates
heavily. Without an education, people are unlikely to find a paying
job. Unemployment hinders a country from developing into a
strong economic system. A high unemployment rate can impede
a country from progressing in all aspects.The labor force suffers
when a large part of the citizens cannot contribute to economic
development. For example, the Indian economy has not been able
to develop at a high rate for many years because of the high
number of people living in poverty. About 22 percent of the
population in India lives in poverty and their economy can only
improve when this percentage decreases.
-Poverty also affects the daily lives of the Filipinos. As much as
many Filipinos depend on luck, it is triggered by their low-lifestyle
favors. In the end, they spend too much on luxury and not on the
basic needs.

2) Unemployment
Intro

-a lot of people in the philppines today are mostly

unemployed or cannot find work.
- Unemployment occurs when people are without work and
actively seeking work.
-in recent reports the philppines has the highest unemployment
rate for the previous year among the 10 member countries of the
(ASEAN). Unemployment Rate in Philippines decreased to 6
percent in the fourth quarter of 2014 from 6.70 percent in the
third quarter of 2014. Unemployment Rate in Philippines averaged
8.90 percent from 1994 until 2014, reaching an all time high of
13.90 percent in the first quarter of 2000 and a record low of 6
percent in the fourth quarter of 2014. Unemployment Rate in
Philippines is reported by the National Statistics Office of
Philippines.
Causes

-oversupply of labor force on popular careers

-lack of quality graduates
-inability to take on available jobs or seize opportunites
But what really causes of unemployment here in the
Philippines is the overpopulation of graduates. A lot of
fresh college graduates are having a hard time on finding
a job because there are only a few job openings. That is
the reason why others would go abroad to find job which
they could earn money and support themselves and their
family.
Effects
Some of the well-known effects of unemployment on the economy are:
-Unemployment financial costs
The government and the nation suffer. In many countries the government has to pay the

unemployed some benefits. The greater the number of the unemployed or the longer they are
without work the more money the government has to shell out.
Therefore, the nation not only has to deal with the lost income and decreased production but
also with additional cost.
-Spending power
The spending power of an unemployed person and his/her family decreases drastically and they
would rather save than spend their money, which in turn affects the economy adversely.
-Reduced spending power of the employed
Increased taxes and the insecurity about their own work may affect the spending power of the
working people as well and they too may start to spend less than before thus affecting the
economy and also the society in a negative manner.
-Recession
With the increase rates of unemployment other economy factors are significantly affected, such
as: the income per person, health costs, quality of health-care, standard of leaving and poverty.
All these affect not just the economy but the entire systems and the society in general.

3) Health

C) CONCLUSION