Verification of Bernoullis

Theorem
Lab Report

ZAIGHAM ASLAM

MS-12-LE-22504 (Nuclear)

ABSTRACT:
Fluid flow is one of the basic and most common phenomenon we encounter in
our day
to day life.water-a most common fluid- comes to our houses and workplaces from
distant
reservoirs through a network of pipes and ducts. A good understanding of fluid flow is
thus
necessary to design and analyze fluid flow systems.
Properties of fluid while flowing through a pipe changes depending upon pipe
shape
and geometry. In order to cope these varying fluid properties various laws and
theorems have
been established to make life easy. These theorems relate two or more properties of
flowing
fluid such that sum of these properties at any instant is a constant, while individual
property
may vary during any instant.
In order to record or measure the flowing fluid properties various devices and
meters
have been designed. e.g. manometer records pressure and head of fluid can be found
using
pitot tube.

 Verification of Bernoullis Theorem

Verification of
Bernoullis
Theorem

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.

Keeping in view the above assumptions

and correlating them with experimental
setup it is quite obvious that lab apparatus
satisfy almost all of above assumptions.

Lab Report

1: Introduction:
In this lab experiment one of basic fluid
theorems i-e: Bernoullis theorem is verified.
This theorem states that
During steady state, incompressible
flow sum of potential energy, kinetic energy
and flow energy remains constant along a
stream.

P+

V 2
+ gz=constant
2

First entry represents static head, second the

dynamic head and third represents
hydrostatic pressure.
Static pressure is the pressure that fluid exerts
on walls and dynamic pressure is due to
moving particles.
Sum of static and dynamic pressures is called
stagnation pressure.
If we divide above equation by

Flow should be streamline.

Fluid should be incompressible.
Flow should be steady.
No shaft work should be done.
No heat generation during process.
There should be negligible effect of
fluid viscosity/friction.

we get

The fluid used was air which at

experimental pressure values can be
regarded as incompressible. Pipe for fluid
flow was made of fine material and there
were negligible alteration in fluid flow due
to irregularities in pipe structure which
made flow almost streamline and steady.
Moreover no extra heat energy was
wasted as no external work was done on
pipe assembly.
As a result of all above refinements
experimental values (as shown on next
page) quietly verify Bernoullis theorem.

Precautions
i.
ii.

all entries in terms of heads.

In the lab Bernoullis theorem is
verified using a pipe fitted with venturi. A pitot
tube is also placed in the pipe which measures
fluid heads at different places within the pipe.
In order to make fluid flow through pipe a
blower is used and fluid under consideration is
air.

2: Discussion
Bernoullis principle is based on following
assumptions regarding fluid properties and
flow.

Page 2

iii.

iv.

All the gauges should be

calibrated to finest level.
Pitot tube should be intact so
that heads can be recorded
correctly.
For venturi readings, exact
placement of manometers at
throat and inlet of venture is
required.
Care should be taken while
recording readings from
manometers as meniscus may
be tricky to tackle.