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Grammar Reporting verbs. Past modals. Articles
Vocabulary Beach vacations. Reporting verbs. Word formation. Spoken discourse markers
Useful phrases Advice and recommendations
Read the extract on page 69 from Bill Brysons book, Notes From A Big Country.
How many of the things you listed in c above does the author mention?
2 Are the statements true or false? Compare your answers with a partner.
a) The author
enjoys the prospect of a day on the beach.
is not very proud of his body.
doesnt get bad sunburn.
b) The authors wife
enjoys the prospect of a day on the beach.
doesnt usually get her own way.
says that Irish setters are very clean.
c) The authors youngest child
is very demanding.
is named Jimmy.
said he needed to go to the bathroom.
3 Read each definition and complete the corresponding phrase from the extract. Check
the text if necessary.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Write your own example sentence for each phrase. Use a dictionary if necessary.
4 Is your attitude towards beaches similar to a) the authors or b) the authors wifes
attitude? Discuss with your partner.
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10
15
20
Glossary
slap noun [C]: sharp hit
with the palm of your hand
warily adv: cautiously,
nervously
chuckle verb [I]: laugh
quietly
preposterous adj: silly or
absurd
whimper verb [I]: say
something in a pained voice
Irish setter noun [C]: large
dog with long, dark red fur
dermatologist: noun [C]:
skin doctor
tar noun [U]: thick oil
25
30
35
40
45
Every year, about this time, my wife wakes me up with a playful slap and says, I have
an idea. Lets drive for three hours to the ocean, take off most of our clothes, and sit on
some sand for a whole day.
Why? I will say warily.
It will be fun, she will insist.
I dont think so, I will reply. People find it disturbing when I take my shirt off in
public. I find it disturbing.
No, it will be great. Well get sand in our hair. Well get sand in our shoes. Well get
sand in our sandwiches and then in our mouths. Well get sunburned and windburned.
And when we get tired of sitting, we can go for a dip in water so cold it actually hurts.
At the end of the day, well head home at the same time as 37,000 other people and
get in such a traffic jam that we wont get home till midnight. I can make interesting
observations about your driving skills, and the children can pass the time sticking each
other with sharp objects. It will be such fun.
The tragic thing is that because my wife is English, and therefore beyond the reach of
reason where saltwater is concerned, she really will think its fun. Frankly, I have never
understood the British attachment to the beach.
So when, last weekend, my wife suggested that we take a drive to the ocean, I put my
foot down and said, Never absolutely not, which is of course why we ended up, three
hours later, at Kennebunk Beach in Maine.
On arrival, our youngest Ill call him Jimmy in case one day he becomes a lawyer
surveyed the scene and said, OK, Dad, heres the situation. I need an ice cream cone,
an inner tube, a deluxe pail and shovel, a hot dog, some candy, an inflatable raft, scubadiving equipment, my own waterslide, a cheese pizza with extra cheese, and a bathroom.
They dont have those things here, Jimmy, I chuckled.
I really need the bathroom.
I reported this to my wife.
Then youll have to take him to Kennebunkport, she said serenely from beneath a
preposterous sun hat.
By the time we found a bathroom, little Jimmy didnt need to go any more, so we
returned to the beach. By the time we got there, some hours later, I discovered that
everyone had gone off for a swim, and there was only one half-eaten sandwich left. I sat
on a towel and nibbled at the sandwich.
Oh look, Mommy, said number two daughter gaily when they emerged from the
surf a few minutes later. Daddys eating the sandwich the dog had.
Tell me this isnt happening, I began to whimper.
Dont worry, dear, my wife said soothingly. It was an Irish setter. Theyre very
clean.
I dont remember much after that. I just took a little nap and woke up to find that
Jimmy was burying me up to my chest in sand which was fine, except that he had
started with my head and I got so sunburned that a dermatologist invited me to a
convention in Cleveland the following week as an exhibit.
We lost the car keys for two hours, the Irish setter came back and stole one of the
beach towels and then nipped me on the hand for eating his sandwich, and number two
daughter got tar in her hair. It was a typical day at the beach in other words.
That was wonderful, said my wife. We have to do that again soon.
And the heartbreaking thing is she really meant it.
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2 All of the verbs in bold in Exercise 1 are used to report messages. Divide them into
list A and list B according to the headings.
A tell verbs: where the hearer is
usually the direct object
persuade me to
mentioned that
3 Add more reporting verbs from the box to the appropriate column in the table in
Exercise 2. Check the verb patterns in your dictionary if necessary.
admit
advise
assure
claim
confirm
convince
encourage
2.21 Listen to five people talking about their favorite beach. Notice how the verbs
in the box are used and confirm your answers.
Speaking: anecdote
You are going to tell your partner about
a family vacation you went on as a child.
Ask yourself the questions below.
Think about what to say and how to
say it.
Tell your partner about the family
vacation.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
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Rachel in Spain
2.222.24 Listen to the three experiences and compare your ideas with what
actually happened. Answer the questions.
Past modals
2 Work with your partner. Underline the two modal verbs or phrases (a, b, or c) which are
appropriate to complete each sentence. Cross out the answer which is not appropriate.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Listen again and check your answers. Check () the modal verb or phrase (a, b, or c)
that is actually used in the recordings.
3 Which modal verbs or phrases in Exercise 1 and 2 can you use to say it was
a)
b)
c)
4 Think about a recent travel experience. Make as many true sentences as you can
using the following prompts.
Think about
a) something you had to do.
b) something you couldnt do.
c) something you didnt have to do.
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Reading
1 Work with a partner. Discuss the questions.
a) When was the last time you sent or received a postcard?
b) Which of the postcards (15) would you be most likely to buy/send?
c) If you had to send these particular postcards, who would you send each one to? Why?
3
4
5
2 Read the article below and match the character types (AE) with the
postcards (15) in Exercise 1.
EVERY POSTCARD
10
15
TELLS A STORY
20
25
30
35
3 Think of people you know who fit the character types in the article. Tell your
partner about them.
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Vocabulary
Word formation
ful suffix: with this quality:
used with many nouns: careful,
cheerful, doubtful, helpful,
painful, stressful, tasteful,
tearful, thoughtful, useful
ish suffix: with this quality:
used with some nouns: bullish,
childish, devilish, foolish,
hellish, selfish
less suffix: without this
quality: used with many nouns:
careless, childless, doubtless,
endless, helpless, homeless,
humorless, painless, relentless,
selfless, tasteless, thoughtless,
useless
1 Reread the article on page 72 and underline all the adjectives with the suffixes ful,
less, or ish. Which suffix means: (a) has this quality; (b) doesnt have this quality?
2 Which suffix (ful, less, or ish) can combine with all the words in each list (ac) to
form adjectives?
a) care / end / home / relent / taste / use
b) bull / child / devil / fool / hell / self
c) doubt / help / pain / stress / tear / thought
Check your ideas in the Word formation panel. Check () the adjectives you know.
Choose three more to learn. Write your own example sentences.
3 Look again at the article on page 72 and find ten adjectives beginning with the
prefixes in the table. Add each adjective to the correct column.
dis-
il-
im-
in-
ir-
un-
indecisive
Complete the table with the negative version of the adjectives in the box. Use your
dictionary if necessary.
adequate appropriate divided honest legal literate logical loyal
mature moral obedient polite rational relevant responsible willing
4 Read the story carefully. Use the words in bold at the end of some lines to form
words that fit in the blanks on the same lines.
Never AGAIN!
5
10
15
I hate traveling. Its not that Im (1) _____ . Its just that I have a problem.
Four problems actually, and theyre named Max, Charlie, Ella, and Jack.
Ranging in age from five down to six months, theyre (2) _____ when theyre
asleep. But when theyre awake, theyre (3) _____ . Individually theyre hard
work; in twos theyre a handful; all together, theyre a nightmare. More often
than not, theyre (4) _____ and seem to have endless competitions to see who
can behave in the most (5) _____ way. On top of that, they all want my
(6) ______ attention at the same time.
Under these (7) _____ circumstances, you may think that it would be
foolish of me to even consider traveling alone with my children. Well, I know
now that it wasnt just foolish, but downright (8) _____ .
I wanted to visit my parents. My husband couldnt come, so I set off on
the five-hour train journey with a bagful of toys, a pocketful of candy and a
headful of songs, stories, and games.
But regardless of my (9) _____ preparations, it was a (10) _____ trip. In fact, it
was one of the worst experiences of my life. The final straw was when I arrived,
exhausted and (11) _____ , at my parents house. Instead of being sympathetic,
they took great delight in telling me how awful I had been as a child. Thanks,
Mom and Dad, that was really (12) _____ !
willing
resist
relent
obedient
devil
divide
stress
response
care
hell
tear
help
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2.26 Listen to Anna talking about her summer romance and answer the questions.
4 Match each of the discourse markers in bold in Exercise 3 with its interpretation
below.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
To be more precise
Lets get back to the subject
I really am being honest
To put it simply
5 Gills summer romance was more successful than Annas. Complete her story by
underlining the appropriate discourse markers from Exercise 3.
Tony:
Gill:
Tony:
Gill:
Tony:
Gill:
Tony:
Gill:
Tony:
Gill:
Tony:
Gill:
Tony:
Gill:
Tony:
Gill:
Youre not the type to have a romance while on vacation, are you, Gill?
(1) Actually / Basically, I am. In fact, I met my husband on vacation.
No!
Yes, its true. I went camping in Yosemite with some college friends, and Ash came
along at the last minute.
Camping in Yosemite? Not exactly tropical
No, (2) in the end / come to think of it, it was a little cold at times. (3) To tell the
truth / Anyway, as soon as I saw him I thought, Yes, this ones for me. (4) Do you
know what I mean? / Come to think of it.
Oh, yes, I do I do.
But then I found out he had a girlfriend back home.
Oh, no!
(5) Basically / Actually I had two weeks to impress him so I used my best weapon:
I put on my little black dress
I thought you said it was cold
Yes, it was, but (6) anyway / to tell the truth, I didnt notice the temperature. And
anyway, it was worth it because it worked he resisted for a few days, which felt like
years! But eventually he surrendered, and we spent the rest of the vacation together.
(7) In fact / Actually, we were inseparable.
What happened when you got home?
Well, that was an awful time because we knew we wanted to be together, but we
both had other relationships to figure out.
That must have been difficult.
It was, but it all worked out well (8) in the end / to tell the truth. I mean, its our
fifth wedding anniversary in June.
2.27 Listen and check. Practice the conversation with a partner. Concentrate on the
correct stress and intonation. Take turns being Gill.
6 Work with your partner. Write a similar conversation about meeting somebody on
vacation. Include as many discourse markers as you can. Practice your conversation
and perform it for the rest of the class.
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1 Complete the story with a, an, the, or put a dash ( ) if no article is necessary.
Gone
fishing
(1) ___ tourist in (2) ___ Africa was walking by (3) ___ ocean when
he saw (4) ___ man in (5) ___ simple clothes dozing in (6) ___
fishing boat. It was (7) _____ idyllic scene, so he decided to take (8)
___ picture. (9) ___ click of (10) ___ camera woke (11) ___ man up.
(12) ___ tourist offered him (13) ___ cigarette.
(14) ___ weather is great. There are plenty of (15) ___ fish. Why
are you lying around instead of going out and catching more?
(16) ___ fisherman replied, Because I caught enough this
morning.
But just imagine, (17) ___ tourist said, If you went out there
three times every day, youd catch three times as much. After
about (18) ___ year you could buy yourself (19) ___ motorboat.
After (20) ___ few more years of (21) ___ hard work, you could have
(22) ___ fleet of (23) ___ boats working for you. And then
And then? asked (24) ___ fisherman.
And then, (25) ___ tourist continued triumphantly, you could be
calmly sitting on (26) ___ beach, dozing in (27) ___ sun and looking
at (28) ___ beautiful ocean.
2.28 Listen and check your answers. What is the moral of the story?
2 Here are some general rules for using articles. Find an example of each rule in the
text in Exercise 1.
a/an
the
c)
d)
e)
f)
Use the definite article to refer to things that have already been introduced.
Use the definite article when the listener knows the answer to which one?
Use the definite article when there is only one.
DONT use the definite article with continents, most countries, cities, lakes,
and mountains.
3 You do not use articles when talking about things in general. Write three interesting
generalizations, each of which combines a word from box A with a word from box B.
Travel is the best way to gain experience.
A
experience happiness
intelligence life love
peace silver women
money
Discuss your statements with a partner and the rest of your class.
Grammar Extra 7, Part 2 page 138. Read the explanations and do Exercises 2 and 3.
Pronunciation
1
2.29 Listen and repeat the place names. What is the difference between the
pronunciation of the in box A and box B? Why?
2 Have you ever seen, visited, or traveled through any of these places? Add your own
examples to boxes A and B. Find the pronunciation in your dictionary.
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Useful phrases
1 Work with a partner. Imagine you were visiting Paris for the first time. Which sights
would you want to see?
2.30 Listen to the conversation. How many museums are mentioned?
2 Match the sentence halves to complete the useful phrases from the conversation.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
Id definitely
The views
That sounds like
Its probably best
Make sure you go
Its worth
You should go to
You wont
If I were you,
Whatever you do,
Its the best
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
to avoid it.
be disappointed.
to the Muse dOrsay.
place for seafood.
it.
recommend the Eiffel Tower.
Id use the buses or the metro.
the Picasso museum.
are spectacular.
a must.
dont leave Paris without tasting the oysters.
3 Complete the following tips from a travel website using words from the useful
phrases.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
If youre feeling energetic, you can walk up Table Mountain, but if I were you Id
take the cable car. At the top, the _____ are _____ .
Whatever _____ do, _____ leave _____ a trip to the Sagrada Familia. It is Gaudis
most famous legacy to the city, and he is buried there.
The _____ place _____ food is on the streets. If you pass a street stall and see lots of
Thai people tucking in, you _____ stop and try some of the delicious dishes.
While youre there, _____ sure _____ go for a walk along the oceanfront. From the
right-hand edge of Bondi beach as you look at the ocean, youll find a path that goes
all the way to Coogee. Its quite a walk, but you _____ be _____ .
Its probably _____ to _____ the city in August, since its so hot, but if youre there in
the summer, Id recommend a walk in Central Park. You can sit in the shade and
watch the world go by.
While youre there, a visit to the ancient city of Teotihuacan is _____ must. You can
climb pyramids that were built 1,000 years before the Aztecs arrived in the area.
Theres a lot of walking and climbing involved, but its _____ it.
Barcelona
Cape Town
Mexico City
New York
Sydney
4 Work with your partner. Write some tips for your own city.
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Writing Extra
Travel guide
1 Work with a partner and answer the questions.
a) Have you ever been or would you like to go to any of the cities in the pictures?
b) What do you know about them?
Buenos Aires
2 Look at the guide. Match each paragraph with the correct city in Exercise 1.
San Francisco
2 _____ ?
Theres a local saying: Nine months of winter and three months of hell. This is not strictly
true but the summer months of July and August tend to be very hot. However, the air is dry and
consequently, it doesnt feel as hot as it could. This heat tends to drive most city dwellers to the
coast during the month of August, creating a quiet time of the year in the city. The weather in
winter can be very cold but there are often blue skies and some sunshine and in general there is
not too much rain.
Amsterdam
3 _____ ?
If you arent into theater, opera, art shows, shopping, or Asian cuisine, you can head out of
the city. North, youll find fields of pampered vines where many well-known wines come from.
Alternatively, if you go south, youll see stretches of spectacular Pacific coastline. There is also
deep-sea fishing to the west of the city, redwood forests inland, and a very pleasant climate
thats eternal spring.
4 _____ ?
Nowhere will you find bigger, better, juicier, tastier, and more tender steaks than in the steak
houses of this elegant city. But it is unusual to find that, in a city where the majority of people
are slim and chic, desserts are very popular in particular, a sweet substance called dulce de leche,
a sort of caramel and toffee spread. Its very addictive.
Sydney
Madrid
3 Write questions as suitable headings for paragraphs 2, 3, and 4. Compare with your partner.
4 Match the highlighted words in the guide with the synonyms below.
Saying how things usually are
is sometimes
normally
most
Linking words
are usually
owing to
Despite this
Even though
Or else
5 Find all the examples of the word very in the guide and replace each one with an appropriate alternative
from the box to make new adverb + adjective combinations. Use each word only once.
bitterly
dazzlingly
extortionately
extremely
particularly
surprisingly
totally
extortionately expensive
6 Write a guide about your own city, or a city you know. Use linking words and adverb + adjective
combinations to make your guide sound more interesting.
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