January 9--NRI Day

January 10--World Laugh

January 12--National Youth day
January 15--Army Day
January 25--national voters Day
January 26--Indias republic Day
January 30--Martyrs Day;
2nd Sunday of February--World marriage Day
February 14--Valentine Day
February 24--Central Excise Day
February 28--National Science Day
Second Monday March--Commonwealth Day
March 8--International Womens Day;
March 15--World disabled Day;
March 18--ordnance Factories Day
March 21--World Forestry Day;
March 22--World Day for Water;
March 23 Worlds Meteorological Day;
March 24World TB Day;
April 5--International Day for Mine awareness;
April 7--world Health Day;
April 17world Hemophilia Day;
April 18World Heritage Day;
April 21Secretaries Day;
April 22Earth Day;
April 23World Book and Copyright Day;
May 1Workers Day (International Labor Day);
May 3Press Freedom Day and World Asthma Day;
May 2nd SundayMothers Day;
May 4Coal Miners Day
May 8World Red Cross Day;
May 9World thalassemia Day;
May 11National Technology Day;
March 12World Hypertension Day; International Nurses Day;
May 15International Day of the Family;
May 17World Telecommunication Day;
May 24Commonwealth Day;
May 31Anti-tobacco day;
June 4International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression;
June 5World Environment day;
June 3rd SundayFathers Day;
June 14World Blood Donor Day;
June 26International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking;
July 1Doctors Day;
July 6World Zoo noses Day;
July 11World Population Day;

August 1st SundayInternational Friendship Day;

August 6Hiroshima Day;
August 8World Senior Citizens Day;
August 9Quit India Day and Nagasaki Day;
August 15Indian Independence Day;
August 18International Day of the Worlds Indigenous Peoples;
August 19Photography Day;
August 29National Sports Day;
September 2Coconut Day;
September 5Teachers Day and Sanskrit Day;
September 8World Literacy Day (UNESCO);
September 15Engineers Day;
September 16World Ozone Day;
September 21Day for peace and Non-violence (UN);
September 22-rose Day (welfare of cancer patients);
September 25Day of the Deaf;
September 27World Tourism Day;
October 1International Day for the Elderly;
October 3World Habitat Day;
October 4World Animal Welfare Day;
October 8Indian Air Force Day;
October 9World Post Office Day;
October 10National Post Day;
October 2nd ThursdayWorld sight Day;
October 13UN International Day for Natural Disaster Reduction;
October 14World Standards Day;
October 15World White cane Day (Guiding the blind);
October 16World Food Day;
October 24UN Day and World Development Information day;
October 30World Thrift Day;
November 9Legal Services Day;
November 14-Childrens Day and Diabetes Day;
November 17National Epilepsy Day;
November 20Africa industrialization Day;
November 29International Day of Solidarity with Palestinian People;
December 1World AIDS Day;
December 3World Day of the Handicapped;
December 4Indian Navy Day;
December 7Indian Armed Forces Flag Day;
December 10Human rights Day and International Childrens day of Broadcasting;
December 18Minorities Rights Day;
December 23Kisan Divas;
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Mind Blowing Short Tricks to remember GK Easily

MPORTANT GK TRICK (By this trick you can easily keep GK facts in your
mind) Must read and shares with your friends. Enjoy the trick
1. ARUNA MAMI
( ARUNANCHAL NAGALAND MANIPUR MIZORAM ) Indian states touching
the boundary of Myanmar
2. GUD KHA TASLE ME (gulam ,khilji,tuglak,syaad , lodi,muglAL)
3. B.D.M.S means
BODO,DOGRI,MAITHILI,SANTHALI are languages added to 8th schedule
under 92nd amendment..
4. GPRS may b used in place of harappa civilisation..
means its important places r situated in Gujrat,Punjab,Rajasthan,Sind
5. Paani piker khana khakar Chanderi chali Ghaghra pahankar
Babar dwara jite gaye char yudh kramanusar==> Panipat (1526), Khanwa
(1527) Chanderi (1528) Ghaghra (1529)
6. Permanent member of UNO FRECA
(France, Russia, England, China, America)
7. B.S.N.L as BELGIUM,SWITZERLAND,NETHERLANDand LUXEMBOURG r european
countries where' mercy killing 'is legalized
8. Bipin chandra Pal (BCP) vitamin B, C .P are soluble in water. And others
means A, D, E , K (KEDA) are soluble in fat..
9. 4 Buddhist councils serial is RAVA PAKA .........1-RAjigriha2-VAsali3PAtiputra4-KAshmir
10. BPARTY----1. Brahmo Samaj, 2.Prarthana Samaj, 3.Arya Samaj,
4.Ramkrishan Mission, 5.Theosiphical Society ,6. Young Bengal Movement
all r in chronological order.........
11. Roj AP CM se Mile (capital lettr show name of diseases caused by
Virus ? RAP CMMAns: Chickenpox Mumps Measles(Khasra)Poliomyelitis
Rabies AIDS
12. BHAJSA.........B-Babur H-humayun A-akbar J-jehangir S-shahjahan Aaurangjeb

it goes lyk this babur ka beta humayun, humayun ka akbar, akbar ka

jahangir, jahangir ka shahjahan aur shahjahan ka beta aurangjeb
13. States touching Bhutan "SAAB"
SIKKIM, ARUNACHAL PRADESH, ASSAM, BENGAL
14. JAMMU ka SIpahi ARUN HIMAlaya par UTARA..........
States touches to China. JAMMU&KASHMIR, SIKKIM, ARUNACHAL PRADESH,
HIMACHAL PRADESH and UTTARAKHAND
15. pen=rtc.
proton, electron, neutron=rutherford, thomson, chadwick.
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1. What is the total area of India ?

Answer: 3.28 million square kilometer (3,287,782)
2. What is the percentage of India's area with respect to world's ?
Answer: 2.42 %
3. What is the Northern most Tip of India ?
Answer: Indira Col (Army point)
4. What is the Southern most point of India ?
Answer: Indira Point (Pigmalion point)
5. What is the Southern most point of Indian main land ?
Answer: Cape Camorin
6. What is the Eastern most point of India ?
Answer: Tri junction (meeting point of India, China and Myanmar)
7. What is the Western most point of India ?
Answer: Cori Point
* 8. What is the distance from north to south (India)?
Answer: 3,214

* 9. What is the distance from east to west (India)?

Answer: 2,933
* 10. What is the length of land frontier of India ?
Answer: 15,200
* 11. What is the length of coastline of India ?
Answer: 7516.6
12. Which is the second highest peak in the world ?
Answer: Mount K2 (Godwin Austin)

Elements, Compounds & Mixtures

Elements, Compounds & Mixtures
Elements

Microscopic view of the atoms of the

element argon (gas phase).
Note that an element:

Microscopic view of the molecules of the

element nitrogen (gas phase).

consists of only one kind of atom,

cannot be broken down into a simpler type of matter by either physical or chemical
means, and

can exist as either atoms (e.g. argon) or molecules (e.g., nitrogen).

A molecule consists of two or more atoms of the same element, or different elements, that are
chemically bound together. Note that the two nitrogen atoms which comprise a nitrogen

molecule move as a unit.

Compounds

Microscopic view of the molecules of the compound water (gas phase). Oxygen atoms are red
and hydrogen atoms are white.
Note that a compound:

consists of atoms of two or more different elements bound together,

can be broken down into a simpler type of matter (elements) by chemical means (but not
by physical means),

has properties that are different from its component elements, and

always contains the same ratio of its component atoms.

Mixtures

Microscopic view of a gaseous mixture containing two elements (argon and nitrogen) and a
compound (water).
Note that a mixture:

consists of two or more different elements and/or compounds physically intermingled,

can be separated into its components by physical means, and

often retains many of the properties of its components.

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India ki 5 biggest ''mharatna'' companies

#SONI-C
sail- {steal authority of Indian limited }
ongc- {oil and natural gas
corporation }
nipc- {national thermal power corporation }
ioc- {Indian oil corporation}
cil- {coal India limited }

CONSTITUTION AMENDMENT BILLS

Bills seeking to amend the Constitution are of three types:
(1) Bills that are passed by Parliament by simple majority;
(2) Bills that have to be passed by Parliament by the special majority prescribed in article
368(2) of
the Constitution; and
(3) Bills that have to be passed by Parliament by the special majority as aforesaid and also to be
ratified by not less than one-half of the State Legislatures.
Bills that are not deemed as Constitution Amendment Bills
2. Bills for amendment of the following provisions of the Constitution are passed by both Houses
of Parliament by a simple majority of members present and voting :
(a) admission or establishment of new States, formation of new States, and alteration of areas,
boundaries or names of existing States (articles 2, 3 and 4);
(b) creation or abolition of Legislative Councils in the States (article 169);
(c) administration and control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes (para 7 of the
FifthSchedule); and
(d) administration of Tribal Areas in the States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and
Mizoram (para 21 of the Sixth Schedule).
3. These Bills are not deemed as Constitution Amendment Bills under article 368 of the

Constitution and, therefore, these are not called by the title Constitution Amendment Bills.
4. Though normal legislative procedure holds good in respect of these Bills, Bills providing for
matters in sub paras (a) and (b) above, in addition, require respectively the recommendation of
the President for introduction and the prior adoption of necessary resolution by the State
Legislative Assembly concerned.
5. Such Bills are presented to the President for his assent under article 111 of the Constitution.
Constitution Amendment Bills
6. Bills seeking to amend all other provisions of the Constitution including those enumerated in
the proviso to article 368(2) are called by the title Constitution Amendment Bills. These Bills
can be introduced in either House of Parliament. If sponsored by a Private Member, the Bill has
to be examined in the first instance and recommended for introduction by the Committee on
Private Members Bills and Resolutions before it is included for introduction in the List of
Business. Motions for introduction of the Bills are decided by simple majority.
7. Constitution Amendment Bills are not treated as Money Bills or Financial Bills. Accordingly,
Presidents recommendation under articles 117 and 274 of the Constitution in regard to these
Bills is not asked for. However, if the recommendation is communicated by the Minister, it is
published in the Bill or in the Bulletin, as the case may be, for information of members.
Special Majority
8. Constitution Amendment Bills have to be passed in each House of Parliament by a special
majority ie. by a majority of the total membership of that House and by a majority of not less
than two-thirds of the members of the House present and voting. The expression
total membership means the total number of members comprising the House irrespective of
whether there arevacancies or absentees on any account. The expression present and voting,
means members who vote for ayes or for noes. Members who are present in the House and
vote abstention either through the electronic vote recorder or on a voting slip or in any other
manner, are not treated as present and voting.
9. Taking a strict interpretation of the Constitutional provision, the special majority prescribed
may be required only for voting at the third reading stage, but by way of caution, the requirement
of special majority has been provided for in the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in
Lok Sabha in respect of all the effective stages of the Bill ie. motion that the Bill be taken into
consideration, motion that the Bill, as reported by the Select or Joint Committee, be taken
into consideration, motion that the Bill, as passed by Rajya Sabha, be taken into consideration,
motion for adoption of clauses and schedules to the Bill and finally for the adoption of the
motion that the Bill be passed. Motions that the Bill be circulated for eliciting opinion thereon or
that the Bill be referred to a Select or JointCommittee are passed by simple majority.
10. Whenever a motion has to be carried by a special majority, voting is always by a division.
The Speaker, while announcing the result of the voting, makes a special mention of the fact that
motion has been carried by the special majority.
11. Each clause or schedule is put to the vote of the House separately and carried by the
special majority. The Speaker may, however, with the concurrence of the House, put any group
of clauses or schedules together to the vote of the House in which case the result of the voting
shall be taken as applicable to each clause or schedule separately and so indicated in the
proceedings. However, if any member requests that any of the clauses or schedules be put
separately, the Speaker complies with such a request. The Short Title (clause 1), the Enacting
Formula and the Long Title of the Bill are adopted by simple majority. Where Short Title (clause
1) contains provision regarding commencement of the Act, it is also adopted by the special

majority.
12. Amendments to clauses or schedules are decided by simple majority as in the case of any
other Bill.
Ratification by the State Legislatures
13. A Constitution Amendment Bill which seeks to make any change in articles relating to:
the election of the President, or
the extent of the executive power of the Union and the States, or
the Supreme Court and the High Courts, or
distribution of legislative powers between the Union and States, or representation of States
in Parliament, or
the very procedure for amendment as laid down in article 368 of the Constitution,
after it is passed by the Houses of Parliament by the special majority, has also to be ratified
by Legislatures of not less than one-half of the States by resolutions to that effect passed by them
before the Bill making provision for such an amendment is presented to the President for assent.
Joint Sitting
14. In case of any disagreement between the two Houses of Parliament on a Constitution
Amendment Bill, there cannot be a joint sitting of the Houses of Parliament on the Bill as article
368 of the Constitution requires each House to pass the Bill by the prescribed special majority.
Assent to Constitution Amendment Bills
15. Constitution Amendment Bills passed by Parliament by the prescribed special majority
and, where necessary, ratified by the requisite number of State Legislatures are presented to the
President under article 368 of the Constitution under which the President is bound to give his
assent to such Bills.
[Constitution Amendment Bills are governed by article 368 of the Constitution and Rules 155
159 of Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha.]
http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/abstract/constitution_amendment_bills.htm
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Question 1.
No. of MPs in Fifteenth Lok SabhaAnswer.
544 (as on 21.12.2009)Question 2.
No. of MPs in each partyAnswer.
http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/partywiselist.aspx
Question 3.

No. of male MPsAnswer.

485Question 4.
No. of woman MPsAnswer.
59Question 5.
Oldest MPAnswer.
Das, Shri Ram Sundar 88 (9.1.1921)Question 6.
Youngest MPAnswer.
Sayeed, Shri Hamdullah 27 (11.4.1982)ABOUT LOK SABHA AND ITS HISTORYQuestion 7.
When was the Lok Sabha (the House of the People) first constituted?
Answer.
The Lok Sabha (House of the People) was duly constituted for the first time on 17
April 1952 after the first General Elections held from 25 October 1951 to 21 February 1952.
Question 8. When was the first Session of the Lok Sabha held?Answer.
The first Session of
the First Lok Sabha commenced on 13 May 1952.
Question 9. Why is the Lok Sabha called the popular chamber?Answer.
The Lok Sabha is
composed of representatives of the people chosen by direct election on the basis of adult
suffrage. That is why it is called the popular chamber.
Question 10. How many General Elections to the Lok Sabha have been held till date?
Answer.
As many as fifteen General Elections[1] to the Lok Sabha have been held till
date. The first General Elections were held from 25 October 1951 to 21 February 1952; the
second from 24 February to 14 March 1957; the third from 19 to 25 February 1962; the fourth
from 17 to 21 February 1967; the fifth from 1 to 10 March 1971; the sixth from 16 to 20 March
1977; the seventh from 3 to 6 January 1980; the eighth from 24 to 28 December 1984; the ninth
from 22 to 26 November 1989; the tenth from 20 May to 15 June 1991; the eleventh from 27
April to 30 May 1996; the twelfth from 16 to 23 February 1998; the thirteenth from 5 September
to 6 October 1999; the fourteenth from 20 April to 10 May 2004; and the fifteenth General
Elections from 16 April to 13 May 2009.
Question 11.Who was the first Speaker of Lok Sabha?Answer.
Shri G.V. Mavalankar was
the first Speaker of Lok Sabha (15 May 1952- 27 February 1956).
Question 12.Who was the first Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha?Answer.
Shri M.
Ananthasayanam Ayyangar was the first Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha (30 May 1952-7 March
1956).
QUESTIONS ON THE COMPOSITION OF LOK SABHAQuestion 13.What is the strength
of the Lok Sabha as prescribed in the Constitution?
Answer.
The Lok Sabha, as per the Constitution, consists of not more than five hundred and
thirty members chosen by direct election from territorial constituencies in the States, not more
than twenty members to represent the Union Territories [Article 81] and not more than two
members of the Anglo-Indian Community to be nominated by the President, if he/she is of the
opinion that the Anglo-Indian Community is not adequately represented in the Lok Sabha
[Article 331]. The limit on the maximum number of members chosen directly from territorial
constituencies in States may be exceeded if such an increase is incidental to the reorganisation of
States by an Act of Parliament.
Question 14.What is the life of the Lok Sabha?Answer.
Unless sooner dissolved by the
President, the Lok Sabha continues for five years from the date appointed for its first meeting
and no longer, as the expiration of the period of five years operates as a dissolution of the
House. However, while a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation, this period may be

extended by Parliament by law for a period not exceeding one year at a time and not exceeding
in any case beyond a period of six months after the Proclamation has ceased to operate.
Question 15. What is the quorum to constitute a sitting of the Lok Sabha?Answer.
The
quorum to constitute a sitting of the House is one-tenth of the total number of members of the
House under article 100(3) of the Constitution.
Question 16. Which is the party having the largest number of members in the Fifteenth
Lok Sabha?
Answer.
The Indian National Congress is the party having the largest number of members
(206) in the Fifteenth Lok Sabha followed by the Bharatiya Janata Party (116). (as on
21.12.2009)
QUESTIONS ON THE OFFICERS OF LOK SABHA
Question 17. Who is the Presiding Officer of the Lok Sabha?Answer.
The Speaker and the
Deputy Speaker are the Presiding Officers of the Lok Sabha.
Question 18. What is the term of Office of the Speaker?Answer.
The Speaker holds office
from the date of his/her election till the first sitting of the Lok Sabha after the dissolution of the
one to which he/she was elected.
Question 19. Who presides over the Lok Sabha when the Speaker is absent from the sitting
of the House?
Answer.
The Deputy Speaker presides over the Lok Sabha when the Speaker is absent from
the sitting of the House.
Question 20. Who presides over the Lok Sabha when both the Speaker's and the Deputy
Speaker's offices fall vacant?
Answer.
When the Offices of both the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker fall vacant, the
duties of the Office of the Speaker are performed by such member of the Lok Sabha as the
President may appoint for the purpose. The person so appointed is known as the Speaker pro
tem.
Question 21. Who presides over the House in the absence of both the Speaker and the
Deputy Speaker?
Answer.
The Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha provide that at the
commencement of the House or from time to time, as the case may be, the Speaker shall
nominate from amongst the members a Panel of not more than ten Chairmen, any one of whom
may preside over the House in the absence of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker when so
requested by the Speaker or, in his/her absence, by the Deputy Speaker. A Chairman so
nominated, holds office until a new Panel of Chairmen is nominated, unless he/she resigns earlier
from the Panel or is appointed a Minister or elected as Deputy Speaker. Generally, a Chairman
from the Panel holds Office for one year but the same person may be renominated from time to
time.
Question 22. Who is the present Speaker of the Lok Sabha?Answer.
Smt. Meira Kumar.
Question 23. Who is the present Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha?Answer
Shri Kariya
Munda.
Question 24. Who is the Leader of the House in the Fifteenth Lok Sabha?
Answer.
Shri Sushil Kumar Sambhajirao Shinde.
Question 25. Who is the Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha?Answer.
Smt. Sushma
Swaraj.
Question 26. Who is the Secretary-General of the Lok Sabha?Answer.
Shri T. K.

Viswanathan.
QUESTIONS ON MEMBERS OF LOK SABHA
Question 27. How are the members of the Lok Sabha elected?Answer.
The members of the
Lok Sabha are elected through General Elections, held on the basis of universal adult
suffrage. Parliament, from time to time, by law makes provision with respect to all matters
relating to, or in connection with, elections to the Lok Sabha, including the preparation of
electoral rolls, the delimitation of constituencies and all other matters necessary for securing the
due constitution of the Lok Sabha. When the seat of a member elected to the House becomes
vacant or is declared vacant, or his/her election is declared void, the same is filled through byeelection.
Question 28.What are the qualifications to become a member of the Lok Sabha?
Answer.
To become a member of the Lok Sabha, a person should be a citizen of India, not
less than 25 years of age and possess such other qualifications as may be prescribed by or under
any law made by Parliament [Art. 84]
Question 29. Who are the nominated members of the Fifteenth Lok Sabha?
Answer.
In the Fifteenth Lok Sabha, two members, i.e. Smt. Ingrid Mcleod and Shri Charles
Dias are the nominated members.
Question 30. Who is the longest serving member in the Fifteenth Lok Sabha?
Answer.
Shri Basudeb Acharia and Shri Manikrao Hodlya Gavit are the longest serving
members in the Lok Sabha.
Question 31. Which member of the Lok Sabha has become the Speaker of the House in his
very first term?Answer.
The members of the Lok Sabha who became the Speaker of the
House in their first term itself are:
Sl.NoName of the SpeakerPeriodLok Sabha1.Shri Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar15.5.1952 to
27.2.1956First2.Shri M.Ananthasayanam Ayyangar8.3.1956 to 10.5.1957First *3.Dr. Neelam
Sanjiva Reddy17.3.1967 to 19.7.1969Fourth4.Dr. Gurdial Singh Dhillon8.8.1969 to
19.3.1971Fourth **5.Shri Kawdoor Sadananda Hegde21.7.1977 to 21.1.1980Sixth6.Dr. Bal Ram
Jakhar22.1.1980 to 15.1.1985Seventh7.Shri Manohar Joshi10.5.2002
to 2.6.2004Thirteenth*
Shri M.A. Ayyangar became the Speaker in the first Lok Sabha due
to the sudden demise of the then Speaker, Shri G.V. Mavalankar
**
Following the resignation of the then Speaker Dr. Neelam Sanjiva Reddy to contest the
Presidential elections, Dr.G.S. Dhillon was unanimously elected as the Speaker of the Lok Sabha
on 8 August 1969.
QUESTIONS ON ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF LOK SABHAQuestion 32. What are the
powers of Lok Sabha relating to Money Bills?Answer.
A Bill is deemed to be a 'Money Bill'
if it contains only provisions dealing with all or any of the following matters: (a) the imposition,
abolition, remission, alteration or regulation of any tax; (b) the regulation of the borrowing of
money or giving of any guarantee by the Government of India, or the amendment of the law
with respect to any financial obligations undertaken or to be undertaken by the Government of
India; (c) the custody of the Consolidated Fund or the Contingency Fund of India, the payment
of moneys into or the withdrawal of moneys from any such Fund; (d) the appropriation of
moneys out of the Consolidated Fund of India; (e) the declaring of any expenditure to be
expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund of India or the increasing of the amount of any
such expenditure; (f) the receipt of money on account of the Consolidated Fund of India or the

public account of India or the custody or issue of such money or the audit of the accounts of the
Union or of a State; or (g) any matter incidental to any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a)
to (f) [Art.110].
A Money Bill can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha. The Rajya Sabha cannot
make amendments in a Money Bill passed by the Lok Sabha and transmitted to it. It can,
however, recommend amendments in a Money Bill. It is open to the Lok Sabha to accept or
reject any or all of the recommendations of the Rajya Sabha with regard to a Money Bill. If the
Lok Sabha accepts any of the recommendations of the Rajya Sabha, the Money Bill is deemed
to have been passed by both Houses with amendments recommended by the Rajya Sabha and
accepted by the Lok Sabha and if the Lok Sabha does not accept any of the recommendations of
the Rajya Sabha, the Money Bill is deemed to have been passed by both Houses in the form in
which it was passed by the Lok Sabha without any of the amendments recommended by
the Rajya Sabha. If a Money Bill passed by the Lok Sabha and transmitted to the Rajya
Sabha is not returned to the Lok Sabha within the said period of fourteen days, it is deemed to
have been passed by both Houses at the expiration of the said period in the form in which it was
passed by the Lok Sabha.
Question 33.What is the legislative relationship between the Lok Sabha and the Rajya
Sabha?
Answer.
In legislative matters, both the Houses enjoy almost equal powers except in the case
of Money Bills. The main function of both the Houses is to pass laws. Every Bill has to be
passed by both the Houses and assented to by the President before it becomes law. In case of
Money Bills, the Lok Sabha has overriding powers.
Question 34. Is any deadlock between the two Houses possible?Answer.
Yes. In the case of
Bills other than Money Bills and Constitution Amendment Bills, a disagreement between the two
Houses may arise when a Bill passed by one House is rejected by the other House; or the Houses
have finally disagreed as to the amendments to be made in the Bill; or more than six months have
elapsed from the date of receipt of the Bill by the other House without the Bill being passed by
it.
Question 35. What is the mechanism for resolving such a deadlock between the two
Houses?
Answer.
A joint sitting of both Houses is convened by the President for this purpose.
[Article 108]
Question 36. How many joint sittings of the Houses have been convened so far?
Answer.
So far, joint sittings of the two Houses have taken place on three occasions. The
first joint sitting was held on 6 May 1961 following a disagreement between the two Houses over
certain amendments to the Dowry Prohibition Bill, 1959. This was followed by another sitting
on 9 May 1961 when the Bill, as amended, was finally passed. The second joint sitting was held
on 16 May 1978, following the rejection by the Rajya Sabha of the Banking Service Commission
(Repeal) Bill, 1977 and the Bill was passed. The third joint sitting was held on 26 March 2002
when the motion to consider the Prevention of Terrorism Bill, 2002, seeking to replace the
Prevention of Terrorism Ordinance (POTO) as passed by the Lok Sabha was rejected by the
Rajya Sabha. At this sitting held for the purpose of deliberating and voting on the Prevention of
Terrorism Bill, 2002, the Bill was passed.
Question 37. Who presides over the joint sitting of the two Houses?Answer.
The Speaker of
the Lok Sabha presides over the joint sitting of the two Houses. [Article 118(4)]
Question 38. Does the Speaker have the right to vote?Answer.
The Speaker has a casting

vote in the event of a tie. It is customary for the Presiding Officer to exercise the casting vote in
such a manner as to maintain the status quo.
Question 39. How many Sessions of the Lok Sabha are held in a year?Answer.
Normally
three Sessions of the Lok Sabha are held in a year, viz.,

Budget Session
- February - May

Autumn or Monsoon Session - July - August

Winter Session
- November - December
Question 40.What is meant by Adjournment, Prorogation and Dissolution of the Lok
Sabha?
Answer.
"Adjournment" is a postponement of the sitting or proceedings of the House from
one time to another specified for the reassembling of the House. During the course of a Session,
the Lok Sabha may be adjourned from day to day or for more than a day. It may also be
adjourned sine die which means the termination of a sitting of the House without any definite
date being fixed for its next sitting.
"Prorogation" means the termination of a Session of the House by an order made by
the President under article 85(2)(a) of the Constitution. The Prorogation of the House may take
place any time, even while the House is sitting. However, usually, prorogation follows the
adjournment of the sitting of the House sine die.
"Dissolution" of the House means the end of the life of the Lok Sabha either by an order made by
the President under article 85 (2) (b) of the Constitution or on the expiration of the period of five
years from the date appointed for its first meeting. Dissolution puts an end to the representative
character of the individuals who at the time compose the Lok Sabha.
On adjournment of the Lok Sabha or its adjournment sine die, the pending business does not
lapse. Bills pending before either House or Select/Joint Committee, Motions, Resolutions, and
amendments which have already been moved and pending in the House, and business pending
before a Parliamentary Committee do not lapse on prorogation whereas all business pending
before the House or any of its Committee lapse on dissolution. Prorogation terminates a Session
and does not constitute an interruption in the continuity of life of the Lok Sabha which is brought
to an end only by dissolution.
Question 41. What are the methods of voting in the Lok Sabha?Answer.
The procedure
regarding Voting and Divisions in the House is governed by article 100(1) of the Constitution
and Rules 367, 367A, 367AA and 367B of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in
Lok Sabha. The various methods adopted for voting in the Lok Sabha are:
(i)
Voice Vote: It is a simple method for deciding a question put by the Chair on
a motion made by a member. Under this method, the question before the House is determined
by the `Ayes' or the `Noes', as the case may be.
(ii)
Division: There are three methods of holding a Division, i.e. (a) by operating the
Automatic Vote Recording Equipment; (b) by distributing `Ayes' and `Noes' slips in the House;
and (c) by members going into the Lobbies. The Speaker directs the members for "Ayes" to go
to the right Lobby and those for "Noes" to the left Lobby where their votes are
recorded. However, the method of recording of votes in the Lobbies has become obsolete ever
since the installation of the Automatic Vote Recording Machine.
(iii)
Secret Ballot: During an 'open' voting period, the individual results are shown by the
three characters 'A', 'N' and 'O' on the Individual Result Display Panel. Secret voting, if any, is on
similar lines except that the Light Emitting Diode (LED) on the Individual Result Display Panel
shows P sign in amber light to show that the vote has been recorded.

(iv)
Recording of votes by distribution of slips: The method of recording of votes by
members on `Aye' and `No' slips is generally resorted to in the eventuality of (i) sudden failure of
the working of the Automatic Vote Recording Equipment; and (ii) at the commencement of the
new Lok Sabha, before the seats/division numbers have been allotted to members.
(v)
Physical count of Members in their places instead of a formal division: If in the
opinion of the Chair, a Division is unnecessarily claimed, he/she may ask the members who are
for `Aye' and those for `No', respectively, to rise in their places and on a count being taken,
he/she may declare the determination of the House. In such a case, the particulars of voting of
the members are not recorded.
(vi)
Casting Vote: If in a Division the number of `Ayes' and `Noes' is equal, the question is
decided by the casting vote of the Chair. Under the Constitution, the Speaker or the person
acting as such cannot vote in a Division; he/she has only a casting vote which he/she must
exercise in the case of equality of votes.
Question 42: What is Question Hour?Answer.
Rule 32 of the Rules of Procedure and
conduct of Business in Lok Sabha provides that unless the Speaker otherwise desires the first
hour of every sitting of the House shall be available for the asking and answering of Questions.
Thus, it is taken up from 1100 hrs to 1200 hrs in every sitting. Normally, there is no Question
Hour during the first Session of the new Lok Sabha and also on the day when the President
addresses both Houses assembled together or on the day when General Budget is presented in
Lok Sabha and on the sittings held during the extended period of session or on
Saturdays/Sundays and Holidays.
Question 43. What is a Parliamentary Question?
Answer.
Question is one of the important Parliamentary device available to the Members to
seek information on a matter of urgent public importance subject to conditions imposed by the
Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha and the Directions by the Speaker. A
member may ask question for the purpose of obtaining information on a subject matter of public
importance within the special cognizance of the minister to whom it is addressed.
Question 44. What are the different types of Questions?
Answer.
There are basically four types of Questions:Starred: A member who desires an oral answer to his question is required to
distinguish it by an asterix. Maximum 20 Questions are included in the list of Starred Questions
for a particular day. This is printed on green paper. Minimum of 15 clear days notice is required
for tabling Starred Questions. The Questions not orally answered in the Starred list of questions
are treated as a Unstarred Questions and their replies are laid on the Table of the House.
Unstarred: These do not carry the asterix mark and are meant for obtaining written
reply. Not more than 230 Questions can be placed on the Unstarred list for a particular sitting.
This list is printed on white paper. Minimum of 15 clear days notice is required for tabling
Unstarred Questions. Written answers given by the Ministers are deemed to have been laid on the
Table of the House at end of Question Hour.
Short Notice Question: Question can also be asked on a matter of urgent public
importance at a notice of less than the period specified for ordinary Question. The list of
admitted SNQ is printed on a pink paper. The procedure of SNQ is regulated by Rule 54 and the
basic test for its admissibility is the urgency of matter. SNQ is asked and answered soon after the
Question Hour.
Question to Private Members: A Question may also be addressed to a Private
Member under Rule 40 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, which

provides that the subject matter of the question should be related to some Bill, Resolution or
other matter connected with the Business of the House for which that member is responsible. For
instance, the Questions which relates to matters under the purview of Parliamentary Committees
can be addressed to respective Chairman. Similarly, Members piloting Private Members Bills
and Resolutions can be addressed questions, which are within cognizance of them under this
provision. The procedure in regard to such questions is the same as that followed in the case of
questions addressed to a Minister with such variations as the Speaker may consider necessary.
Question 45. What is the maximum number of Questions admitted for a particular day?
Answer.
The maximum number of Questions to be placed on the list of Questions for oral
answers (Starred Question) on a particular day is 20, while the maximum number of questions to
be placed on the list of Unstarred Question is 230. However, the number of Unstarred Questions
may exceed by a maximum of 25 Questions pertaining to State/States under Presidents Rule.
Question 46. Whether there is any restriction regarding the number of notices that each
member may give with regard to Questions?
Answer.
A Member is permitted to give not more than 10 notices of Questions both Starred
and Unstarred combined for any day. But not more than five admitted questions, both Starred
and Unstarred combined, by one member are placed on the list of questions for any one day. Out
of these 5 questions, not more than one Question distinguished by the member with asterisk* as
Starred is placed on the list of Questions for oral answer. This limit of one question for oral
answer does not include any Short Notice Question of the member which may have been
admitted for answer on that day. However, a member can have more than one Starred question in
the list in the event of transfer or postponement of Questions in the printed list from one day to
another.
Question 47. Who decides the admissibility of Questions?
Answer
Admissibility of questions is governed by Rules of Procedure and Conduct of
Business in Lok Sabha, Directions by the Speaker as also the past precedents. The Speaker, Lok
Sabha, decides whether a question or a part thereof, is or is not admissible under the Rules,
He/she may disallow any question, or a part thereof, when in his/her opinion, it is an abuse of the
right of questioning or is calculated to obstruct or prejudicially affect the procedure of the House
or is in contravention of the Rules. The right to ask a question is governed by certain conditions
like it should be pointed, specific and confined to one issue only. It should not contain
arguments, inferences, ironical expressions, imputations, epithets or defamatory statements.
Question 48. What is an Half-an-Hour Discussion?Answer.
Another instrument available
to the members of Lok Sabha for raising issue of public importance is the Half-an-Hour
Discussion. Under this, a Member may raise discussion on a matter of sufficient public
importance which has been the subject of a recent question, Starred, Unstarred or Short Notice
Question and the answer to which needs further elucidation on a matter of fact.
Question 49. What is the procedure for Half-an-Hour Discussion?
Answer.
The procedure regarding Half-an-Hour Discussion is regulated by Rule 55 of the
Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha and Direction 19 of the Directions
by the Speaker. Under this, a member may give notice to raise a discussion on a matter of
sufficient public importance and which has been the subject of a recent question, Starred,
Unstarred or Short Notice Question, and the answer to which needs further elucidation on a
matter of fact. A notice is also required to be accompanied by an Explanatory Note stating the
reasons for raising the discussion and should also be signed. Normally, only one notice of Halfan-Hour Discussion is put down for a sitting and no formal motion is moved in the House nor

does voting take place. The member who has given notice makes a short statement and the
members who have previously intimated the Speaker and have secured one of the four places in
the ballot are permitted to put a question each for the purpose of further elucidating any matter of
fact. Thereafter, the Minister concerned replies briefly.
Question 50. When a Half-an-Hour Discussion is taken up?
Answer.
Half-an-Hour Discussions are normally held on three sittings in a week namely,
Monday, Wednesday and Friday. Normally, Half-an-Hour Discussion is not held on the first
sitting of the session. Further, normally the Half-an-Hour Discussion is not held till the passage
of the Finance Bill by the House. As the name suggests, normally the discussion is for half an
hour on the said days and is taken up during the last half an hour of the sitting.
Question 51. What are Parliamentary Forums and what are their objectives?
Answer. Parliamentary Forums have been constituted with the objective of equipping
members with information and knowledge on specific issues of national concern and in assisting
them to adopt a result-oriented approach towards related issues. These Forums provide an
opportunity to members to come together and discuss a particular issue and its wider
ramifications.Question 52. How many Parliamentary Forums have been constituted so far?
Answer.
The first Parliamentary Forum on Water Conservation and Management was
constituted by the Speaker, Lok Sabha, on 12 August 2005. Subsequently, four more
Parliamentary Forums were constituted, namely the Parliamentary Forum on Youth, which has
four sub-Forums, viz. on Sports and Youth Development, on Health, on Education, and on
Employment; Parliamentary Forum on Children; Parliamentary Forum on Population and Public
Health; and Parliamentary Forum on Global Warming and Climate Change. Question 53. What
is the structure of the Parliamentary Forums?Answer.
Each Parliamentary Forum consists of
not more than 31 members, excluding the Speaker of Lok Sabha, who is the ex officio President,
and the Deputy Speaker, Lok Sabha, the Deputy Chairman, Rajya Sabha, the Ministers-in-charge
of the Ministries concerned with the subject and the Chairman of the Departmentally Related
Standing Committee concerned who are the ex officio Vice-Presidents. Each Forum has 21
members from the Lok Sabha and 10 members from the Rajya Sabha.
QUESTIONS RELATING TO LEGISLATIONQuestion 54. What is a Bill?Answer.
A Bill
is the draft of a legislative proposal brought before the House for its approval.
Question 55. What are the different types of Bills?Answer.
Bills initiated by Ministers are
called Government Bills and those introduced by members who are not Ministers are known as
Private Members' Bills. Depending on their contents, Bills may further be classified broadly into
(a) Original Bills (Bills embodying new proposals, ideas or policies); (b) Amending Bills (Bills
which seek to modify, amend or revise the existing Acts); (c) Consolidating Bills (Bills which
seek to consolidate existing laws on a particular subject; (d) Expiring Laws (Continuance) Bills
(Bills to continue an expiring Act); (e) Repealing Bills (Bills seeking to repeal existing Acts); (f)
Bills to replace Ordinances; (g) Constitution (Amendment) Bills; and (h) Money and Financial
Bills.
Question 56. Who decides whether a Bill is an ordinary Bill or a Money Bill?
Answer.
In case any question arises whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not, the decision of the
Speaker, Lok Sabha, thereon, is final. When a Bill is held by the Speaker to be a Money Bill,
he/she endorses a certificate thereon signed by him/her to that effect that it is a Money Bill
before the bill is sent to the Rajya Sabha or presented to the President for assent.
Question 57. What is the difference between a Bill and an Act?Answer
A Bill is a draft

legislative proposal before the House. It becomes an Act only when passed by both the Houses
of Parliament and assented to by the President.
Question 58. What are the various steps involved in the passage of a Bill?
Answer.
A Bill while being considered has to undergo three stages in each House of
Parliament. The first stage consists of the introduction of the Bill which is done on a motion
moved by either a Minister or a member.
During the second stage, any of the following motions can be moved: that the Bill be taken into
consideration; that it be referred to a Select Committee of the House; that it be referred to a Joint
Committee of the two Houses; or that it be circulated for the purpose of eliciting opinion thereon.
Thereafter, the Bill is taken up for clause-by-clause consideration as introduced or as reported by
the Select/Joint Committee.
The third stage is confined to the discussion on the motion that the Bill be passed and the Bill is
passed/rejected either by voting or voice vote (or returned to the Lok Sabha by the Rajya Sabha
in the case of a Money Bill).
Question 59. What is Budget?Answer.
Budget is the `Annual Financial Statement' or the
Statement of the Estimated Receipts and Expenditure of the Government of India in respect of
each financial year, presented to the Lok Sabha on such day as the President may direct. A copy
of the Budget is laid in the Rajya Sabha soon after its presentation in the Lok Sabha. The
preparation and presentation of the Budget for the approval of the Legislature is a constitutional
obligation on the part of the Government, both at the Centre and in the States.
Question 60. When is the Budget Session of Parliament held?Answer.
The Budget Session
of Parliament is normally held during February to May of the year. During this period,
the Budget comes before the Parliament for its deliberation, voting and approval; the
Departmentally related Standing Committees consider the Demands for Grants of
Ministries/Departments and report on the same to the Houses of Parliament.
Question 61. Who presents the Budget in the House?Answer.
Two types of Budgets are
usually presented in the House namely, the General Budget and the Railway Budget. The
General Budget is presented by the Minister of Finance and the Railway Budget by the Minister
of Railways.
PROCEDURAL DEVICES FOR RAISING MATTERS OF PUBLIC INTEREST
Question 62. What is a Calling Attention ?Answer.
Under this procedural device, a member
may, with the prior permission of the Speaker, call the attention of a Minister to any matter of
urgent public importance and the Minister may make a brief statement or ask for time to make a
statement later. There can be no debate on such a statement at the time it is made. But, brief
clarifications can be sought from the Minister by the member who has initiated the Calling
Attention and other members who are called by the Speaker. Only those matters which are
primarily the concern of the Union Government can be raised through a Calling Attention
notice. The Calling Attention procedure is an Indian innovation which combines asking a
question with supplementaries and making brief comments; the Government also gets adequate
opportunity to state its case. The Calling Attention matter is not subject to the vote of the House.
Question 63. What is a Motion?Answer.
The term `motion' in parliamentary parlance means
any formal proposal made to the House by a member for the purpose of eliciting a decision of
the House. It is phrased in such a way that, if adopted, it will purport to express the judgement
or will of the House. Any matter of importance can be the subject matter of a motion. The
mover of a motion frames it in a form in which he/she wishes it ultimately to be passed by the

House and on which a vote of the House can conveniently be taken.

Question 64. What are the different types of Motion?
Answer.
Motions may be classified into three broad categories, namely, substantive motions,
substitute motions and subsidiary motions.
A substantive motion is a self-contained, independent proposal made in reference to
a subject which the mover wishes to bring forward. All Resolutions, Motions for election of the
Speaker and Deputy Speaker, and Motion of Thanks on the Address by the President, etc. are
examples of substantive motions.
A substitute motion, as its name suggests, is moved in substitution of the original
motion for taking into consideration a policy or situation or statement or any other
matter. Amendments to substitute motions are not permissible.
Subsidiary motions depend upon or relate to other motions or follow up on some
proceedings in the House. By itself, it has no meaning and is not capable of stating the decision
of the House without reference to the original motion or the proceedings of the House.
Question 65. What is an Adjournment Motion?Answer.
Adjournment Motion is the
procedure for adjournment of the business of the House for the purpose of discussing a definite
matter of urgent public importance, which can be moved with the consent of the Speaker. The
Adjournment Motion, if admitted, leads to setting aside of the normal business of the House for
discussing the matter mentioned in the motion. To be in order, an adjournment motion must raise
a matter of sufficient public importance to warrant interruption of normal business of the House
and the question of public importance is decided on merit in each individual case. The purpose
of an Adjournment Motion is to take the Government to task for a recent act of omission or
commission having serious consequences. Its adoption is regarded as a sort of censure of the
Government.
Question 66. What is a Motion of No-confidence?
Answer.
The Government must always enjoy majority support in the popular House to
remain in power. If need be, it has to demonstrate its strength on the floor of the House by
moving a Motion of Confidence and winning the confidence of the House. In view of the
express constitutional provision regarding collective responsibility of the Council of Ministers to
the Lok Sabha, a motion expressing want of confidence in an individual Minister is out of order;
under the Rules, only a motion expressing want of confidence in the Council of Ministers as a
body is admissible. Rule 198 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok
Sabha lays down the procedure for moving a Motion of No-Confidence in the Council of
Ministers. The usual format of such a motion is that "this House expresses its want of
confidence in the Council of Ministers". A Motion of No-confidence need not set out any
grounds on which it is based. Even when grounds are mentioned in the notice and read out in the
House, they do not form part of the No-confidence Motion.
Question 67. What is a No-Day-Yet-Named Motion?
Answer
If the Speaker admits notice of a motion and no date is fixed for its discussion, it is
called a "No-Day-yet-Named Motion" and a copy of the admitted motion is forwarded to the
Minister concerned with the subject matter of the motion.
Admitted notices of such motions may be placed before the Business Advisory
Committee for selecting the motions for discussion in the House according to the urgency and
importance of the subject-matter thereof, and allotting time for the same.
Question 68. What is meant by Discussion under Rule 193?
Answer. Discussion under Rule 193 does not involve a formal motion before the

House. Hence no voting can take place after discussion on matters under this rule. The member
who gives notice may make a short statement and such of the members as have previously
intimated to the Speaker, may be permitted to take part in the discussion. The member who
raises the discussion has no right of reply. At the end of the discussion, the Minister concerned
gives a brief reply.
Question 69. What is a Short Duration Discussion?
Answer.
In order to provide opportunities to members to discuss matters of urgent public
importance, a convention was established in March 1953 which was incorporated later into
the Rules of Procedure and conduct of Business in Lok Sabha under Rule 193 as Short Duration
Discussion. Under this Rule, members can raise discussion for short durations without a formal
motion or vote thereon.
Question 7. What is meant by matters under Rule 377?
Matters, which are not points of order can be raised by way of Special Mentions
underRule 377. This procedural device, framed in 1954, provides opportunity to the members to
raise matters of general public interest. At present, the number of matters that can be raised by
members under Rule 377 on a single day is 20.
Question 71. What is "Zero Hour" ?Answer.
The time immediately following the Question
Hour and laying of papers and before any listed business is taken up in the House has come to
be popularly known as the `Zero Hour'. As it starts around 12 noon, this period is
euphemistically termed as `Zero Hour'. For raising matters during the so-called "Zero Hour" in
Lok Sabha, members give notice before 10 a.m. everyday to the Speaker stating clearly the
subject which they consider to be important and wish to raise in the House. It is, of course, for
the Speaker to allow or not allow raising of such matters in the House. The term `Zero Hour' is
not formally recognised in our parliamentary procedure.
Question 72. How many matters are allowed to be raised under "Zero Hour" ?
Answer. At present, twenty matters per day as per their priority in the ballot are allowed to be
raised during "Zero Hour". The order in which the matters will be raised is decided by the
Speaker at his/her discretion. In the first phase, 5 matters of urgent national and international
importance, as decided by the Chair, are taken up after Question Hour and laying of papers,
etc. In the second phase, the remaining admitted matters of urgent public importance are taken
up after 6.00 P.M. or at the end of the regular business of the House.
Question 73. What is a Resolution?Answer
A Resolution is a formal expression of the
sense, will or action of the Legislative Body. Resolutions may be broadly divided into three
categories:

Resolutions which are expression of opinion by the House since the purpose of such
a Resolution is merely to obtain an expression of opinion of the House, the Government is not
bound to give effect to the opinions expressed in these Resolutions.

Resolutions which have statutory effect the notice of a Statutory Resolution is given in
pursuance of a provision in the Constitution or an Act of Parliament. Such a Resolution, if
adopted, is binding on the Government and has the force of law.

Resolutions which the House passes in the matter of control over its own proceedings. It
has the force of law and its validity cannot be challenged in any court of law. The House, by
such a Resolution, evolves, sometimes, its own procedure to meet a situation not specifically
provided for in the Rules.
Question 74. What is a Point of Order?
Answer:
A Point of Order relates to the interpretation or enforcement of the Rules of

Procedure and Conduct of Business in the House or convention or such articles of the
Constitution as regulate the business of the House and raises a question which is within the
cognizance of the Speaker.
A Point of Order may be raised only in relation to the business before the House at the moment,
provided that the Speaker may permit a member to raise a Point of Order during the interval
between the termination of one item of business and the commencement of another if it relates to
maintenance of order in, or arrangement of business before, the House. A member may
formulate a Point of Order and the Speaker shall decide whether the point raised is a Point of
Order and if so give his/her decision thereon, which is final.
Question 75. Does the Speaker have the power to adjourn the House or suspend the sitting?
Answer:
Under Rule 375, in the case of a grave disorder arising in the House, the Speaker
may, if he/she thinks it necessary to do so, adjourn the House or suspend any sitting for a time to
be named by him/her.
Question 76. When does the President address the Parliament?Answer.
The Constitution
provides for an Address by the President to either House or both Houses assembled together
[Article 86(1)]. The Constitution also makes incumbent upon the President to address both
Houses of Parliament assembled together at the commencement of the first Session after each
General Election to the Lok Sabha and at the commencement of the first Session each year and
inform Parliament of the causes of its summons. [Article 87(1)]. The matters referred to in
the Address by the President to the Houses are discussed on a Motion of Thanks moved by a
member and seconded by another member.
Question 77. Can members raise questions on the Address by the President?
Answer.
No member can raise questions on the Address by the President. Any action on the
part of a member which mars the occasion or creates disturbance is punishable by the House to
which that member belongs. Discussion on matters referred to in the Address takes place on a
Motion of Thanks moved by a member and seconded by another member. The scope of
discussion on the Address is very wide and the functioning of the entire administration is open
for discussion; the limitations inter aliaare that members should not refer to matters which are
not the direct responsibility of the Government of India, and the name of the President should not
be brought in during the debate since the Government, and not the President, is responsible for
the contents of the Address.
PARLIAMENTARY PRIVILEGES/IMMUNITIES, SALARIES AND EMOLUMENTS
Question 78. What are parliamentary privileges?
Answer
The term `parliamentary privilege' refers to certain rights and immunities enjoyed
by each House of Parliament and Committees of each House collectively, and by members of
each House individually, without which they cannot discharge their functions efficiently and
effectively. The object of parliamentary privileges is to safeguard the freedom, the authority and
the dignity of Parliament. The powers, privileges and immunities of either House of Parliament
and of its Committees and members have been laid down in article 105 of the Constitution. The
House has the power to punish any person who commits a contempt of the House or a breach
of any of its privileges.
Question 79. Are the parliamentary privileges codified in India?
Answer.
No law has so far been enacted by Parliament in pursuance of article 105(3) of the
Constitution to define the powers, privileges and immunities available to each House and its
members and the Committees thereof. In the absence of any such law, the powers, privileges

and immunities of the Houses of Parliament, and of the members and the Committees thereof,
shall be those of that House and of its members and Committees immediately before the coming
into force of section 15 of the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978.
Question 8. What is the difference between breach of privilege and contempt of the House?
Answer.
When any of the privileges, either of the members individually or of the House in
its collective capacity, is disregarded or attacked by any individual or authority, the offence is
called a `breach of privilege'.
Contempt of the House may be defined generally as any act or omission which obstructs or
impedes either House of Parliament in the performance of its functions, or which obstructs or
impedes any member or officers of such House in the discharge of his or her duty, or which has a
tendency, directly or indirectly, to produce such results even though there is no precedent of the
offence. Whereas all breaches of privilege are contempts of the House whose privileges are
violated, a person may be guilty of a contempt of the House even though he does not violate any
of the privilege of the House, e.g. when he disobeys an order to attend a Committee or publishes
reflections on the character or conduct of a member in his capacity as a member.
Question 81. What is the procedure for addressing a question of privilege?
Answer.
A question of privilege may either be considered and decided by the House itself or
it may be referred to the Committee of Privileges for examination, investigation and report.
Question 82. What is the rule relating to 'Automatic Suspension' of a member?
Answer.
Rule 374A of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok
Sabha provides that in the event of grave disorder occasioned by a member coming into the
well of the House or abusing the rules of the House persistently and wilfully obstructing its
business by shouting slogans or otherwise, such member shall, on being named by the Speaker,
stand automatically suspended from the service of the House for five consecutive sittings or the
remainder of the Session, whichever is less.
Question 83. What is the MPLAD Scheme?
Answer.
The Member of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS) was
introduced in December 1993. Under this Scheme, a member of Lok Sabha has the choice to
suggest to the Head of the District, developmental works to the tune of Rs. Five crore per year, to
be taken up in his/her constituency.
Question 84. What is the current salary of a member?Answer.
At present, a member of
Parliament is entitled to Rs. 16,000/- per month as salary, Rs. 20,000/- per month as
Constituency Allowance, Rs.20,000/- per month as Office Expenses which include Rs. 4,000/for stationary, Rs. 2000/- for franking letters and Rs. 14,000/- for a Personal Assistant. A
member also gets daily allowance of Rs. 1,000 for the period of residence on duty. Daily
allowance will be paid only when he/she signs the register maintained for the purpose.
Question 85. Are Members of Parliament entitled to any pension?
Answer.
Every person who has served as a member of the Provisional Parliament or either
House of Parliament for any period is entitled to a pension of Rs.8000/- per month w.e.f. 15
September 2006. Where any person has served for a period exceeding five years, he/she shall be
paid an additional pension of Rs.800/- per month for every year in excess of five years. For the
purpose of calculation of years for determination of additional pension, the period of nine
months or more is treated as one complete year.
Cell on Parliamentary Forums
Question 86. What are Parliamentary Forums and what are their objectives?
Answer.
The Parliamentary Forums have been constituted with the objective of equipping

members with information and knowledge on specific issues of national concern and in assisting
them to adopt a result-oriented approach towards related issues. These Forums provide a
platform to members to have interaction with the Ministers concerned, experts and key officials
from the nodal Ministries with a view to have a focused discussion on critical issues facing the
country so as to enable them to effectively raise these issues on the floor of the House and in the
meetings of the Departmentally Related Standing Committees.
Question 87. When were the Parliamentary Forums constituted?
Answer.
The first Parliamentary Forum on Water Conservation and Management was
constituted by the Hon'ble Speaker, Lok Sabha, on 12 August, 2005. Subsequently, the following
four Parliamentary Forums were constituted on the dates shown below:(i) Parliamentary Forum on Youth
20 February, 2006
(ii) Parliamentary Forum on Children
2 March, 2006
(iii) Parliamentary Forum on Population
26 July, 2006
and Public Health
(iv) Parliamentary Forum on Global
14 July, 2008
Warming and Climate Change
During the 15th Lok Sabha, the Hon'ble Speaker, Lok Sabha has re-constituted all the above five
Parliamentary Forums on 21 January, 2010.
Question 88. What is the composition of the Parliamentary Forums?
Answer. The Hon'ble Speaker, Lok Sabha is the President of all the Forums except the
Parliamentary Forum on Population and Public Health wherein the Hon'ble Chairman, Rajya
Sabha is the President and
Hon'ble Speaker, Lok Sabha is the Co-President. Deputy
Chairman, Rajya Sabha; Deputy Speaker, Lok Sabha; the concerned Ministers and Chairmen of
Departmentally Related Standing Committees are the ex-officio Vice-Presidents of the respective
Forums.
Each Forum consists of 31 Members (excluding the President and the exofficio Vice-Presidents) out of whom not more than 21 are from Lok Sabha and not more than 10
are from Rajya Sabha. Members, other than the President and Vice-Presidents, are nominated by
the Hon'ble Speaker, Lok Sabha and the Hon'ble Chairman, Rajya Sabha, as the case may be,
from amongst the Leaders of Parties and Groups, or their nominees who have special
knowledge/keen interest in the subject.
Secretary-General, Lok Sabha is the Secretary to the Forums.
Question 89. What is the term of the members of the Parliamentary Forums?
Answer.
The term of the office of members of the Forums is co-terminus with their
membership in the respective Houses.
A Member may resign from the Forum by writing under his/her hand, addressed to the Hon'ble
Chairman, Rajya Sabha or the Hon'ble Speaker, Lok Sabha, as the case may be.
Question 90. Who conducts the meetings of the Forums?
Answer.
The President of the Forum appoints a Member-Convener for each Forum to
conduct regular, approved Programmes/Meetings of the Forum in consultation with the
President.
Question 91. How often do the Forums meet?
Answer.
The meetings of the Forums are held from time to time, as may be necessary, during
Parliament Sessions.
Contacting Lok Sabha
Question 92. Where do I get more information on members of Lok Sabha?

Answer.
The Lok Sabha Web Site (http://loksabha.nic.in) has a section on members which
gives information about its members.
Question 93. How can I get in touch with a member of Lok Sabha?Answer.
Members can be
contacted through E-mail. Permanent and Local addresses of members of Lok Sabha are also
available at the Lok Sabha Web Site (http://loksabha.nic.in).
Question 94. Where do I get information on the Sessions of Lok Sabha?
Answer.
The Lok Sabha Web Site (http://loksabha.nic.in) has a section on Legislation which
contains information on the Sessions of the Lok Sabha.
Question 95. Who maintains the Lok Sabha website and how do I send a feedback?
Answer.
The Lok Sabha Web Site is maintained by the Computer (HW&SW) Management
Branch of the Lok Sabha Secretariat. - See more at: http://ssc.xaam.in/2014/02/frequently-askedquestions-about-lok.html#sthash.Xg8BT840.dpuf

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT RAJYA SABHA

History of Rajya Sabha

When was the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) first constituted?

Ans: On 3 April 1952.

When did the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) meet for the first time?
Ans: On 13 May 1952.

When was the Council of States named as Rajya Sabha in Hindi?

Ans: On 23 August 1954. The Chairman, Rajya Sabha made an
announcement in the House that the Council of States would now be called
Rajya Sabha in Hindi.

Who was the first Chairman of Rajya Sabha?

Ans: Dr. S. Radhakrishnan.

Who are the Chairman of Rajya Sabha who have held office consecutively for
two terms?

Ans: Dr. S. Radhakrishnan was the first Chairman of Rajya Sabha for two
consecutive terms (13.5.1952 to 12.5.1962). The current Chairman, Shri
Mohammad Hamid Ansari is also continuing as the Vice-President of India for
a second term (11.08.2007 to 10.08.2012 and again from 11.08.2012 till
date).

Who was the first Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha?

Ans: Shri S.V.Krishnamoorthy Rao (31.5.1952 - 2.4.1956 & 25.4.1956 1.3.1962).

Composition of Rajya Sabha

What is the maximum strength of Rajya Sabha?

Ans: Twohundred and fifty (250), of which 238 are to be elected and 12 are to
be
nominated by the President of India.

What is the actual strength of Rajya Sabha?

Ans: Two hundred and forty five (245), of which 233 are elected and 12 are
nominated.

How many members does each state have in Rajya Sabha?

Ans: The allocation of seats in Rajya Sabha to the States is based on
population. It is given in the Fourth Schedule to the Constitution, which is as
follows:
States No. of seats Andhra Pradesh 18 Arunachal Pradesh 1 Assam 7 Bihar 16
Chhattisgarh 5 Goa 1 Gujarat 11 Haryana 5 Himachal Pradesh 3 Jammu and
Kashmir 4 Jharkhand 6 Karnataka 12 Kerala 9 Madhya Pradesh 11
Maharashtra 19 Manipur 1 Meghalaya 1 Mizoram 1 Nagaland 1 National
Capital Territory of Delhi 3 Odisha 10 Puducherry 1 Punjab 7 Rajasthan 10
Sikkim 1 Tamil Nadu 18 Tripura 1 Uttarakhand 3 Uttar Pradesh 31 West
Bengal 16

Currently how many members are elected from Union territories?

Ans: In total four members are elected from the Union territories (3 from
Delhi and 1 from Puducherry). However, currently one seat from Delhi and
one from Puducherry is vacant. Other Union territories are not represented in
Rajya Sabha.

Why is Rajya Sabha called a permanent body?

Ans: Rajya Sabha is not subject to dissolution; as nearly as possible, one-third
of its members retire every second year.

What is the term of a member of Rajya Sabha?

Ans: It is six years; but a member elected in a bye-election serves for the
remainder of the term of the vacancy caused.

What is the quorum to constitute a meeting of Rajya Sabha?

Ans: It is one-tenth of the total members of the House, i.e., 25 members.

Which is the party will maximum members in the House?

Ans: Indian National Congress.

Officers of Rajya Sabha

Who acts as the Chairman, Rajya Sabha?

Ans: The Vice-President is the ex officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha.

How is the Vice-President of India elected?

Ans: The Vice-President is elected by the members of an electoral college
consisting of the members of both Houses of Parliament in accordance with
the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable
vote.

What is the term of office of Vice-President of India?

Ans: The Vice-President holds office for a term of five years from the date on
which he enters upon his office.

Currently who is the Chairman of Rajya Sabha?

Ans: Shri Mohammad Hamid Ansari

How is the Deputy Chairman elected?

Ans: The Deputy Chairman is elected by the members of Rajya Sabha from
amongst its members.

What are the responsibilities of the Deputy Chairman?

Ans: While the office of Chairman is vacant, or during any period when the
Vice-President is acting as, or discharging the functions of the President, the
duties of the office of the Chairman are performed by the Deputy Chairman.

Currently who is the Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha?

Ans: Prof. P. J. Kurien

who presides over the proceedings of the Rajya Sabha in the absence of both
the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman?
Ans: Under Rule 8 of the of Procedure and Conduct of Business in the Council
of States (Rajya Sabha),the Chairman, Rajya Sabha nominates six members
on the panel of Vice-Chairmen, one of whom presides over the House in the
absence of both the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman. When neither the
Chairman nor the Deputy Chairman and none of the Vice Chairmen is present
to preside, the House may decide about any other member present to
preside.

Currently who is the Leader of the House?

Ans: Dr. Manmohan Singh

What are the responsibilities of the Leader of the House?

Ans: Leader of the House plays an important role in drawing up the
programme of official business in the House. Normally, the Prime Minister
nominates a Minister who is a member of the Rajya Sabha as Leader of the
House, but if the Prime Minister himself is a member of Rajya Sabha, he will
act as the Leader of the House.

Currently who is the Leader of the Opposition?

Ans: Shri Arun Jaitley.

Currently who is the Secretary-General of Rajya Sabha?

Ans: Shri Shumsher K. Sherif

How is the Secretary-General appointed?

Ans: The Secretary-General is appointed by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha and
holds a rank equivalent to the Cabinet Secretary, the highest civil servant of
the Union Government.

What is the role of the Secretary-General?

Ans: He assists the Presiding Officers in conducting the proceedings of the
House by giving them advice and expert opinion. He does not participate in
the debate except for reporting messages from the Lok Sabha about Bills or
any other matter. All notices under the rules are addressed to him. He is the
custodian of the records of the House. He prepares full report of the
proceedings of the House and also issues the List of Business for the day. He
is the administrative head of the Rajya Sabha Secretariat.

Members of Rajya Sabha

How are members of Rajya Sabha elected?

Ans: Members of Rajya Sabha are elected by the elected members of the
Assemblies of States and Union territories in accordance with the system of
proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote.

What are the requirements to become a member of Rajya Sabha?

Ans: He should be a citizen of India above 30 years of age and possessing
such other qualifications as may be prescribed by law of Parliament.

Should a Member be a domicile of the State from which he is elected to Rajya

Sabha?
Ans: No. It is no longer essential. He has to be an elector in a
constituency anywhere in India.

parliamentary

Are there nominated members in Rajya Sabha ?

Ans: Yes, there are twelve members nominated by the President of India from
amongst persons having special knowledge or practical experience in
literature, science, art and social service.

Do the nominated members vote in the election of the Vice-President and

the President?
Ans: While the nominated members of Rajya Sabha have a right to vote in the
election of the Vice-President of India, they are not entitled to vote in the
election of the President of India.

Who was the first woman nominated member of the Rajya Sabha?
Ans: Smt. Rukmini Devi Arundale (1952-56 and 1956-62).

Who are the current nominated members in Rajya Sabha?

Ans: Seven(7). Prof. M.S Swaminathan,Shri H.K. Dua,Dr. Ashok S.Ganguly,Shri
Mani Shankar Aiyar,Shri Javed Akhtar,Smt. B.Jayashree and Dr. Bhalchandra
Mungekar.

Currently how many members of Rajya Sabha are there in the Council of
Ministers?
Ans: Twelve (12). They are Dr. Manmohan Singh,Shri Anand Sharma, Shri A.K.
Antony, Smt. Ambika Soni, Shri G.K. Vasan, Shri Gulam Nabi Azad, Shri Jairam
Ramesh, Smt. Jayanthi Natarajan, Shri S.M. Krishna, Shri Vayalar Ravi, Shri
Ashwani Kumar and Shri Rajeev Shukla.

Can a Minister who is a Member of Lok Sabha participate in the proceedings

of Rajya Sabha?
Ans: A Minister who is a Member of Lok Sabha has the right to speak in and
otherwise to take part in the proceedings of Rajya Sabha but has no right to
vote in Rajya Sabha and vice versa.

Currently how many women members are there in Rajya Sabha and what is
their percentage?
Ans: Twenty Six (26), 10.6%

Who is currently the youngest member in Rajya Sabha?

Ans: Shri Dilip Kumar Tirkey

Who is currently the oldest member in Rajya Sabha?

Ans: Shri Rishang Keishing.

Who is currently the longest serving member in Rajya Sabha?

Ans: Dr. Najma A. Heptulla

Among the current members of Rajya Sabha, who has the longest legislative
experience?
Ans: Shri Rishang Keishing.

Who decides if the member is disqualified from being a member of Rajya

Sabha?
Ans: If any question arises as to whether a member of the House has become
subject to disqualification under article 102 (1), the question is referred for
the decision of the President and his decision is final. Before giving any
decision on any such question, the President obtains the opinion of the
Election Commission of India and acts according to such opinion. If under
article 102 (2) any question arises as to whether a member of the House has
become subject to disqualification under the Tenth Schedule to the
Constitution, the question is referred to the Chairman, Rajya Sabha and his
decision is final.

Role and functions

What are the special powers of Rajya Sabha?

Ans: Rajya Sabha being a federal chamber - representing States/Union
territories, enjoys certain special powers:

1. to empower Parliament to make laws in respect of any matter

enumerated in the State List in the national interest by adopting a
resolution to this efect (article 249),
2. creation of All India Services (article 312) and
3. approving Proclamations (issued under article 352 or article 356 or
article 360) if the Lok Sabha stand dissolved or the dissolution of the
Lok Sabha takes place within the period allowed for the approval of the
Proclamation by Parliament.

What is the legislative relationship between Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha?
Ans: In legislative matters, Rajya Sabha enjoys almost equal powers with Lok
Sabha, except in the case of Money Bills where the latter has overriding
powers. Such Bills cannot be introduced in Rajya Sabha and are deemed to
have been passed if these are not returned to Lok Sabha within fourteen
days.

Is any deadlock between the two Houses possible?

Ans: Yes. In the case of Bills, a disagreement between the two Houses may
arise when a Bill passed by one House is rejected by the other House; or the
Houses have finally disagreed as to the amendments to be made in the Bill;
or more than six months lapse from the date of the reception of the Bill by
the other House without the Bill being passed by it.

What is the mechanism for resolving the deadlock between the two Houses?
Ans: A joint sitting of the Houses is convened for this purpose. In the case
of Money Bills, there is no question of a deadlock as the Rajya Sabha has a
limited say in such matters. There is no provision for a joint sitting in case of
a deadlock over a Constitution Amendment Bill.

How many joint sittings of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha have been
convened so far?
Ans: In the history of Parliament of India, there have been three occasions
when both Houses of Parliament held a joint sitting to resolve deadlock on
Bills between them, i.e.,
1. 6 and 9 May 1961 on the Dowry Prohibition Bill, 1959;
2. 17 May 1978 on the Banking Service Commission (Repeal) Bill, 1977;
and
3. 26 March 2002 on the Prevention of Terrorism Bill, 2002.

What are the powers of the Rajya Sabha with respect to the Money Bill?
Ans: A Money Bill is introduced only in Lok Sabha and after it is passed by
that House, it is transmitted to Rajya Sabha for its concurrence or
recommendation. Rajya Sabha has to return the Money Bill to Lok Sabha
within a period of fourteen days from its receipt. Rajya Sabha cannot amend
the Money Bill directly; it can only recommend amendments to the Bill. Lok
Sabha may either accept or reject all or any of the recommendations made
by the Rajya Sabha. If Lok Sabha accepts any of the recommendations made
by Rajya Sabha, the Bill is deemed to have been passed by both the Houses
with the amendments so recommended and accepted. If, however, Lok Sabha
does not accept any of the recommendations of Rajya Sabha, the Money Bill
is deemed to have been passed by both Houses of Parliament in the form in
which it was passed by Lok Sabha without any of the amendments
recommended by Rajya Sabha.

Committees

What are the diferent categories of Parliamentary Committees of Rajya

Sabha?
Ans: Parliamentary Committees of the Rajya Sabha may be categorized as
ad hoc Committees and Standing Committees.

What are ad hoc Committees?

Ans: Ad hoc Committees are those Committees which may be constituted by
the House or by the Chairman or by the Presiding Officers of both Houses
jointly to consider and report on specific matters. Such Committees become
functus officio as soon as they complete their work. These Committees may
be divided into two categories:
1. Select/Joint Committees on Bills constituted by the House(s) on specific
motion to consider and report on Bills; and
2. Committees which are constituted from time to time to enquire into
and report on specific subjects.

What are Standing Committees?

Ans: Standing Committees are permanent Committees whose members are
either elected by the House or nominated by the Chairman every year or
from time to time. These are: Business Advisory Committee, General
Purposes Committee, Committee on Government assurances, House
Committee, Committee on Petitions, Committee on Subordinate Legislation,
Committee on Papers Laid on the Table, Committee of Privileges, Committee
on Rules, Committee on Ethics, Committee on Provision of Computers to
Members of Rajya Sabha, Committee on Member of Parliament Local Area
Development Scheme and the Department-related Standing Committees.

What are Department-related Standing Committees?

Ans: DRSCs were set up in 1993 to scrutinize the functioning of the various
Ministries/ Departments of the Union Government assigned to them in order
to further strengthen the accountability of the Government to Parliament.

How many DRSCs have been Constituted?

Ans: Twenty-four DRSCs have been constituted consisting of not more than
thirty-one members, out of which twenty-one members are nominated by the
Speaker, Lok Sabha and ten members are nominated by the Chairman, Rajya
Sabha.

What are the main functions of the DRSCs?

Ans: These Committees are entrusted with the following functions
1. to consider the Demands for Grants of the related Ministries/
Departments and report thereon;
2. to examine Bills, pertaining to the related Ministries/Departments,
referred to the Committee and report thereon;
3. to consider the annual reports of the Ministries/ Departments and
report thereon; and
4. to consider national basic long term policy documents and report
thereon.

How many DRSCs are there under the jurisdiction of Rajya Sabha and Lok
Sabha?
Ans: Eight DRSCs function under the control and direction of the Chairman,
Rajya Sabha, while sixteen such Committees function under the control and
direction of the Speaker, Lok Sabha.

Which are the DRSCs under Rajya Sabha and the Ministries/ Departments
under their purview?
Ans: Details of the Committees and the Ministries/Departments under them
are given as under:
Sl. No. Name of the Committee Ministries/ Departments 1 Committee on
Commerce Commerce and Industry 2 Committee on Home Afairs
1. Home Afairs
2. Development of North-Eastern Region

3 Committee on Human Resource Development

3. Human Resource Development
4. Youth Afairs and Sports
5. Women and Child Development
4 Committee on Industry
6. Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises
7. Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSME)
5 Committee on Science & Technology, Environment & Forests
8. Science and Technology
9. Space
10.Ocean Development
11.Atomic Energy
12.Environment and Forests
13.Earth Sciences
6 Committee on Transport, Tourism & Culture
14.Civil Aviation
15.Shipping, Road Transport and Highways
16.Tourism and Culture
7 Committee on Personnel, Public Grievances, Law & Justice
17.Law and Justice
18.Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
8 Committee on Health and Family Welfare Health and Family Welfare

What are the details regarding Chairmanship of the Committees of Rajya

Sabha?

Ans: The Chairman, Rajya Sabha is the Chairman of the Business Advisory
Committee, General Purposes Committee and Committee on Rules. The
Deputy Chairman is the Chairman of the Committee of Privileges. In the case
of other Standing Committees, namely, Committee on Petitions, Committee
on Government Assurances, Committee on Subordinate Legislation,
Committee on Papers Laid on the Table and the House Committee, the
Chairmanship is shared between the ruling and the opposition parties in
proportion to their numerical strength in the House. The Chairman of the
Rajya Sabha appoints Chairman of Committees in consultation with the
leaders of parties/groups concerned. The Chairmanship of Committees
allotted to the opposition parties may rotate amongst themselves.

What are the functions of the Committee on Ethics?

Ans: Under Rule 290 of the Rule of Procedure and Conduct of Business in the
Council of States, the Committee on Ethics has the following functions:
(i) to oversee the moral and ethical conduct of members:
(ii) to prepare a Code of Conduct for members and to suggest amendments or
additions to the Code from time to time in the form of reports to the Council;
(iii) to examine cases concerning the alleged breach of the Code of Conduct
by members as also cases concerning allegations of any other ethical
misconduct of members; and
(iv) to tender advice to members from time to time on questions involving
ethical standards either suo motu or on receiving specific requests.

What sanctions the Committee on Ethics can impose on proved unethical

behavior or misconduct of a member?
Ans: The Committee may recommend imposition of one or more of the
following sanctions, viz.
1. censure;
2. reprimand;
3. suspension from the Council for a specific period; and
4. any other sanction determined by the Committee to be appropriate.

What is the Code of Conduct for Members enumerated by the Committee on

Ethics adopted by the Rajya Sabha?
Ans: Yes. The Code of Conduct is as follows:
The Members of Rajya Sabha should acknowledge their responsibility to
maintain the public trust reposed in them and should work diligently to
discharge their mandate for common good of the people. They must hold in
high esteem the Constitution, the Law, Parliamentary Institutions and above
all the general public. They should constantly strive to translate the ideals

laid down in the Preamble to the Constitution into a reality. The following are
the principles which they should abide by in their dealings:
1. Members must not do anything that brings disrepute to the Parliament
and afects their credibility.
2. Members must utilise their position as Members of Parliament to
advance general well-being of the people.
3. In their dealing if Members find that there is a conflict between their
personal interests and the public trust which they hold, they should
resolve such a conflict in a manner that their private interests are
subordinated to the duty of their public office.
4. Members should always see that their private financial interests and
those of the members of their immediate family do not come in conflict
with the public interest and if any such conflict ever arises, they should
try to resolve such a conflict in a manner that the public interest is not
jeopardised.
5. Members should never expect or accept any fee, remuneration or
benefit for a vote given by them on the floor of the House, for
introducing a Bill, for moving a resolution or desisting from moving a
resolution, putting a question or abstaining from asking a question or
participating in the deliberations of the House or a Parliamentary
Committee.
6. Members should not take a gift which may interfere with honest and
impartial discharge of their official duties. They may, however, accept
incidental gifts or inexpensive mementoes and customary hospitality.
7. Member holding public offices should use public resources in such a
manner as may lead to public good.
8. If Members are in possession of a confidential information owing to
their being Members of Parliament or Members of Parliamentary
Committees, they should not disclose such information for advancing
their personal interests.
9. Members should desist from giving certificates to individuals and
institutions of which they have no personal knowledge and are not
based on facts.
10.Members should not lend ready support to any cause of which they
have no or little knowledge.
11.Members should not misuse the facilities and amenities made available
to them.

12.Members should not be disrespectful to any religion and work for the
promotion of secular values.
13.Members should keep uppermost in their mind the Fundamental Duties
listed in Part IVA of the Constitution.
14.Members are expected to maintain high standards of morality, dignity,
decency and values in public life.

In pursuance of the Rajya Sabha (Declaration of Assets and Liabilities) Rules,

2004 what information is required to be furnished by Members to the
Chairman, Rajya Sabha?
Ans: Under Rule 3 of the Members of the Rajya Sabha (Declaration of Assets
and Liabilities) Rules, 2004, every elected member of Rajya Sabha is required
to furnish the following information to the Chairman, Rajya Sabha within 90
days from the date of his taking oath/affirmation
1. the movable and immovable property of which he, his spouse and his
dependent children are jointly or severally owners or beneficiaries;
2. his liabilities to any public financial institution; and
3. his liabilities to the Central Government or to the State Governments

What are the pecuniary interests and the ingredients thereof, identified by
the Committee on Ethics, in respect of which information is to be furnished by
Members?
Ans: The Committee on Ethics has identified the following five pecuniary
interests and the ingredients thereof, in respect of which information is to be
furnished by Members for registration in the Register of Members Interests
under sub-rule (1) of Rule 293 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of
Business in the Council of States:I
Remunerative Directorship
Name and address of the company
Nature of company business
Salary/fees/allowance/benefits or
any other receipts which are taxable (per annum) II
Regular Remunerated Activity
Name and address of the Establishment
Nature of business
Position held
Amount of remuneration received (per annum) III
Shareholding of Controlling Nature

Name and address of the company

Nature of business of the company
Percentage of shares held IV
Paid Consultancy
Name of consultancy
Business activity of the organisation
Where engaged as Consultant
Total value of benefits derived from the Consultancy V
Professional Engagement
Description
Fee/Remuneration earned therefrom (per annum)

Whether pecuniary interests of Members outside the country come under its
purview?
Ans: Yes. Under the said Rule, information that Members furnish has to be in
respect of their pecuniary interests, whether held within the country or
outside.

Legislation

What is a Bill?
Ans: A Bill is a legislative proposal brought before the House for its approval.

What are the types of Bills?

Ans: The Bills initiated by Ministers are called Government Bills and those
introduced by Members who are not Ministers, are known as Private
Members Bills. Depending on their contents, Bills may further be classified
broadly into
1. original Bills which embody new proposals,
2. amending Bills which seek to amend existing Acts,
3. consolidating Bills which seek to consolidate existing law on a
particular subject,
4. Expiring Laws (Continuance) Bills which, otherwise, would expire on a
specified date,
5. repealing Bills,
6. Bills to replace Ordinances,
7. Money and financial Bills and
8. Constitution Amendment Bills.

What is the diference between a Bill and an Act?

Ans: A Bill passed by both Houses of Parliament becomes an Act only after it
has been assented to by the President.

What are the steps involved in the passage of a Bill?

Ans: A Bill while being considered has to undergo three stages in each House
of Parliament. The first stage is the Introduction, which is done on a motion
moved by either a Minister or a Member.
During the second stage any of the following motions can be moved: that the
Bill be taken into consideration; or that it be referred to a Select Committee of
Rajya Sabha; or that it be referred to a Joint Committee of the two Houses; or
that it be circulated for the purpose of eliciting opinion thereon. Thereafter,
the Bill is taken up for the clause-by-clause consideration as introduced or as
reported by the Select/Joint Committee.
The third stage is confined to the discussion on the motion that the Bill be
passed and the Bill is passed/rejected either by voting or voice vote (or
returned to Lok Sabha, in the case of a Money Bill).

Does the Chairman have a right to cast a vote?

Ans: The Chairman has a casting vote in the case of an equality of votes.

What are the methods of voting in Rajya Sabha?

Ans: In Rajya Sabha, generally four methods of voting are adopted: Voice
vote, Counting, Division by automatic vote recorder and Division by going
into the Lobbies

What are the efects of dissolution of Lok Sabha on the Business of Rajya
Sabha?
Ans:
1. Bills originating in Rajya Sabha which are still pending in that House do
not lapse on the dissolution of Lok Sabha.
2. Bills originating in Rajya Sabha which having been passed by the
House and transmitted to Lok Sabha and pending there lapse on the
dissolution of Lok Sabha.
3. Bills originating in Lok Sabha which having been passed by that House
and transmitted to Rajya Sabha and still pending there on the date of
dissolution of Lok Sabha, lapse.

4. Bills originating in Rajya Sabha and returned to that House by Lok

Sabha with amendments and still pending there on the date of its
dissolution, lapse.
5. A Bill upon which the Houses have disagreed and the President has
notified his intention to summon a Joint Sitting of the Houses to
consider the Bill prior to dissolution does not lapse on dissolution
of Lok Sabha.
6. A Bill passed by the two Houses of Parliament and sent to the President
for assent does not lapse on the dissolution of Lok Sabha.
7. A Bill returned by the President to Rajya Sabha for reconsideration of
the Houses does not lapse if the dissolution of Lok Sabha takes place
without the Houses having considered the Bill

Procedure for raising Matters of Public Interest

What is Calling Attention?

Ans: Rule 180 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Rajya
Sabha provides that a Member may with the previous permission of the
Chairman call the attention of a Minister to any matter of urgent public
importance and the Minister may make a brief statement or ask for time to
make a statement at a later hour or date. The Calling Attention is an Indian
innovation in the parliamentary procedure.

What is Special Mention?

Ans: Under Rules 180A - 180E, a Member may mention a matter of public
importance in the House; he has to give a notice in writing along with the text
of the matter to be raised not exceeding 250 words. No member is permitted
to make more than one Special Mention during a week.

What is a Motion?
Ans: Rules 167-174 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in
Rajya Sabha provide that no discussion on a matter of general public interest
shall take place except on a motion made with the consent of the Chairman.
The term motion in parliamentary parlance means any proposal made for
the purpose of eliciting a decision of the House. It is phrased in such a way
that, if passed, it will purport to express the will of the House.

What are the types of Motion?

Ans: Motions may be classified as Substantive or Subsidiary. A substantive
motion is a self-contained proposal made in reference to a subject which the
mover wishes to bring forward. A subsidiary motion as its name suggests,
relates to a substantive motion.

What is No-Day-Yet-Named-Motion?
Ans: If the Chairman admits notice of a motion and no date is fixed for the
discussion on such a motion, it is immediately notified in the Bulletin Pt. II
under the headingNo-Day-Yet-Named-Motion Date and time is allotted for
discussion on such motions by the Chairman, in consultation with the Leader
of the House after taking into consideration the state of business before the
House.

What is a Resolution?
Ans: The House declares its own opinions and purposes by its
resolutions. Every question, when agreed to, by the House, assumes the form
of either a resolution or an order.
Resolutions may be categorized as: Private Members Resolutions (which are
moved by a member not a Minister); Government Resolutions (which are
moved by Ministers); and Statutory Resolutions (which are moved in
pursuance of a provision contained in the Constitution or an Act of
Parliament).

What is the President's Address?

Ans: The President of India addresses both Houses of Parliament assembled
together at the commencement of the first session after a new Lok Sabha has
been constituted and also at the commencement of first session each
year. The matters referred to in the Presidents Address to the Houses are
discussed on a Motion of Thanks moved by a Member and seconded by
another Member.

What is point of order?

Ans: A Point of Order is a point relating to the interpretation or enforcement
of the Rules of Procedure or such articles of the Constitution as regulate the
business of the House and submitted to the decision of the Chair. Rule 258 of
the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Rajya Sabha makes a
provision to enable a member to raise a point of order. Any member may at
any time submit a point of order for the decision of the Chairman, but in
doing so, shall confine himself to stating the point. The Chairman shall decide
all points of order which may arise, and his decision shall be final.

What is Dilatory Motion?

Ans: Rule 230 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Rajya
Sabha explains Dilatory motion. At any time after a motion has been made, a
member may move that the debate on the motion be adjourned. If the
Chairman is of opinion that a motion for the adjournment of a debate is an
abuse of the rules of the Council, he may either forthwith put the question
thereon from the Chair or decline to propose the question.

What is a Short Duration Discussion?

Ans: Rules 176-179 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in
Rajya Sabha explains about the short duration discussion. If the Chairman is
satisfied, after calling for such information from the member who has given
notice and from the Minister as he may consider necessary, that the matter is
urgent and is of sufficient public importance to be raised in the Council at an
early date, he may admit the notice and in consultation with the Leader of
the Council fix the date on which such matter may be taken up for discussion
and allow such time for discussion, not exceeding two and a half hours, as he
may consider appropriate in the circumstances.

How does a member ask a question in Rajya Sabha?

Ans: He has to give a notice about it on a prescribed form at least 15 days
before he wants to ask question.

What are starred and unstarred questions?

Ans: A question for which an oral answer is desired by a member is
distinguished by an asterisk and is called a starred question. A question
without an asterisk is called unstarred and is admitted for written answers.

Who decides the admissibility of questions?

Ans: The Chairman, Rajya Sabha decides whether a question or a part thereof
is or is not admissible. He may disallow any question or a part thereof when,
in his opinion, it is an abuse of the right of questioning or calculated to
obstruct or prejudicially afect the procedure of the House or is in
contravention of the rules under the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of
Business of the Council of States(Rajya Sabha). The Chairman may direct that
a question be placed on the list of questions for answers, on a date later than
that specified by a member in his notice, if he is of the opinion that a longer
period is necessary to decide whether the question is or is not admissible.

What is the total limit of questions admitted for a particular day?

Ans: The total number of questions to be admitted for any one day shall be
limited to 175, of which 20 would be for oral answers and 155 for written
answers.

Parliamentary Privileges

What are parliamentary privileges?

Ans: Each House of Parliament collectively and the Members individually,
enjoy certain powers and privileges without which they may not be able to
discharge their functions, efficiently and efectively. Article 105 of the

Constitution deals with such powers, privileges and immunities of Members of

Parliament.

Are the parliamentary privileges codified in India?

Ans: No law so far has been enacted by Parliament (and State Legislatures) to
define the powers, privileges and immunities available to each House, its
Members and Committees thereof.

What is the diference between the Breach of Privilege and Contempt of the
House?
Ans: When any of the privileges either of the Members individually or of the
House in its collective capacity are disregarded or attacked by any individual
or authority, the ofence is called a breach of privilege.
Any obstruction or impediment put before Houses or its Members in due
discharge of their duties, or which have a tendency of producing such result,
may amount to contempt of the House.

What is the procedure regarding a question of privilege?

Ans: The procedure for dealing with a question of privilege is laid down
in Rule 187 203 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Rajya
Sabha. A question of privilege may either be considered and decided by the
House itself or it may be referred to the Committee of Privileges by the
Chairman for examination, investigation and report.

Media and Rajya Sabha

Are the proceedings of the Rajya Sabha televised?

Ans: Yes. An exclusive satellite channel of Doordarshan, namely, DD Rajya
Sabha on National Network of Doordarshan was launched on 14 December
2004 which telecasts the live proceedings of the House.

Right to Information and Rajya Sabha Secretariat

Whether the functioning of Rajya Sabha Secretariat comes under the purview
of the Right to Information Act, 2005?
Ans: Yes, functioning of the Rajya Sabha Secretariat comes under the purview
of the Right to Information Act, 2005. To facilitate the supply of information to
anyone desirous of getting it, the Chairman, Rajya Sabha has made rules for
the Secretariat as per Section 28 of the Act.

Who are the persons to be contacted and what are their details?
Ans: Contact Persons in this regard are as follows:-

Shri Deepak Goyal

Director (Central Public Information Officer of the Rajya Sabha Secretariat)
201, Parliament House Annexe, New Delhi-110001
Tel. No. 011-23034201
Shri Mahesh Chandra Tiwari
Joint Director (Central Assistant Public Information Officer)
528A , Parliament House Annexe, New Delhi-110001
Tel. No. 011-23034353
Shri N.C. Joshi
Secretary (Appellate Authority in the Rajya Sabha Secretariat)
34, Parliament House, New Delhi-110001
Tel. No. 011-23034604
23011328 (telefax)

Parliamentary Forums

What is a Parliamentary Forum? At present, how many such forums are there?
Ans: A Parliamentary Forum is a group of Members of Parliament who are
nominated by the Speaker, Lok Sabha and the Chairman, Rajya Sabha, as the
case may be, from amongst the Leaders of various Political Parties/Groups or
their nominees who have special knowledge/keen interest in the subject.
Each Forum consists of not more than 31 Members (excluding the President
and ex officio Vice-Presidents) out of whom not more than 21 are from Lok
Sabha and not more than 10 are from Rajya Sabha
There are at present five Parliamentary Fora, viz.
1. Parliamentary Forum on Water Conservation and Management;
2. Parliamentary Forum on Children;
3. Parliamentary Forum on Youth;
4. Parliamentary Forum on Population and Public Health; and
5. Parliamentary Forum on Global Warming and Climate Change.

How are the forums distinct from the Parliamentary Committees?

Ans: Unlike the Department-related Committees which are governed by the
Rules of Procedure, these forums are governed by a separate set of
guidelines issued by the Speaker, Lok Sabha in consultation with the
Chairman, Rajya Sabha.

source http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/faq/freaq1.asp
- See more at: http://ssc.xaam.in/2014/02/frequently-asked-questions-aboutrajya.html#sthash.fepF4FhI.dpuf

Question and answer on World organization

World organization
1) Which of the following is the headquarters of World Trade Organisation?
a) Geneva.
b) Madrid.
c) New York.
d) Paris.
ANSWER : Geneva
2) Which is the official language of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation?
a) French.
b) English.
c) Arabic.
d) All of these.
ANSWER : All of these
3) Where is the organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons?
a) Geneva.
b) Turkey.
c) Hague, Netherlands.
d) Brazil.
ANSWER : Hague, Netherlands
4) Where is the International Court of Justice located?
a) Amsterdam.
b) Geneva.
c) Vienna.
d) Hague.
ANSWER : Hague
5) When was NATO an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic found?
a) 4th April, 1951.
b) 4th April, 1949.
c) 4th April, 1948.
d) 4th April, 1961.

ANSWER : 4th April, 1949

6) Where was the first ever security Council Summit meeting held in early 1992?
a) Paris.
b) London.
c) Geneva.
d) New York.
ANSWER : New York
7) Among the following which is not related to disarmament?
a) NPT.
b) CTBT.
c) SALT.
d) NATO.
ANSWER : NATO
8) In which year did United Nations adapted a Charter of Economic Rights?
a) 1974.
b) 1977.
c) 1955.
d) 1978.
ANSWER : 1974
9) In how many months or year does the Chairmanship / presidency of the UN Security Council
rotates?
a) Every year.
b) Every 6 months.
c) Every month.
d) Every 3 months.
ANSWER : Every month
10) Which of the following is not a chief organ of the United Nations Organisations?
a) International court of justice.
b) International labour organisation.
c) General assembly.
d) None of these.
ANSWER : International labour organisation
11) In which year was the League of Arab States is a regional organisation formed in Cairo?
a) 2010.
b) 1947.
c) 1980.
d) 1945.
ANSWER : 1945
12) The International Human rights convention adopted by the United Nations was for:
a) Children.
b) Prisoners.
c) Disabled.
d) Migrant workers.
ANSWER : Children
13) Where is the headquarters of International Atomic energy agency located?
a) Vienna.

b) London.
c) Washington.
d) Geneva.
ANSWER : Vienna
14) Where is the North Atlantic Treaty Organization or NATO based?
a) Beijing.
b) Athens.
c) Brussels.
d) New York.
ANSWER : Brussels
15) When was European Nuclear Energy Agency founded?
a) 1968.
b) 1922.
c) 1958.
d) 1942.
ANSWER : 1958
16) Where is the Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation?
a) Rabat, Morocco.
b) Say, Niger.
c) Jeddah, Saudi.
d) Mbale, Uganda.
ANSWER : Rabat, Morocco
17) Where is the International Labour Organisation located?
a) Hague.
b) Geneva.
c) Paris.
d) New York.
ANSWER : Geneva
18) Alliance of Small Island States is established in:
a) 2001.
b) 1990.
c) 2011.
d) 1965.
ANSWER : 1990
19) Where is the Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture located?
a) Tehran.
b) Istanbul, Turkey.
c) Kuwait.
d) Saudi.
ANSWER : Istanbul, Turkey
20) Besides UK, USA, Germany and Japan the G-7 countries include:
a) France, Netherlands and Russia.
b) Canada, France and Russia.
c) Canada, Italy and Netherlands.
d) Canada, France and Italy.
ANSWER : Canada, France and Italy

- See more at: http://ssc.xaam.in/2014/02/question-and-answer-onworld.html#sthash.RUGoCbpc.dpuf

HISTORY OF BRITISH RISE IN INDIA

CARNATIC WARS
1st CARNATIC WAR:

v PERIOD: 1746-1748

v Between French and (British + Nawab of Arcot)

v REASONS:
1.Colonial competition between French and British.
2.Austrian war of succession.

v COARSE OF WAR:

1. 1746- St.George Fort was surrounded by French.

2. Arcot nawab helped British @ Chennai sent huge force under MAFUZ KHAN.
3. 1746 BATTLE OF ADAYAR- French under Dupleix defeated combined force of Nawab and
British.

v REASON FOR FAILURE:

1.Backward nature of Indian army-strong organized French forces(with modern war tactics and
weapons).

v TREATY: Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle(1748). (Also ends the Austrian war of succession)

2nd CARNATIC WAR:

v PERIOD: 1749-1754

v REASONS:
1. War of succession in Nizam of Hyderabad and Nawab of Arcot
2. Dupliex aligned with Muzaffar Jung (H) and Chanda Sahib(A).

v COARSE OF WAR:
1. 1751- BATTLE OF AMBUR -French+ally won the Battle

2. Muzaffar Jung (H) became Nizam and Chanda Sahib(A) became Nawab.
3. Anwaruddin(A) and Nasir Jang(H) were killed.
4. French got Pondicherry and Masulipatnam + Jagir.
5. 1752- ROBERT CLIVE entered India.
6. Arcot was recaptured by Clive - British won the (French + Ally).
7. Chanda Sahib killed.
8. Recall of Dupleix.

v TREATY: Treaty of PONDICHERRY(1754).

3rd CARNATIC WAR:

v PERIOD: 1758-1763

v Between French (Count de lally) and British (Sir Eyre Coote)

v REASONS:
1.due to seven years war in Europe( B Vs F).

v COARSE OF WAR:
1. lally captured Fort St.David.
2. Initially british defeated by French.
3. @ Battle of Wandiwash(1760)-British defeated French.
4. 1761-Pondicherry captured by British.
5. British demolished French monuments and Ethnic cleansing done.

v TREATY: Treaty of Paris(1763). (Also ends the French domination in India).

Reasons for decline of French:

v EEIC was a pvt. Organization British crown didnt interfere into the affairs often.
v Leaders like eyre coote and Robert Clive were absent in French army.
v English were strong in NAVY but French used outdated naval equipment.

Importance of Carnatic war:

v South India dominated by English Politically and Economically.

v English availed the port facilities of Eastern coast.

v In Europe, English became political mistress.

BENGAL CONQUEST

v In 1717,Muhal Emperor Faruksiyar gave DASTAK (Trade privilege without duties) rights to
British.
v Later in 1740, Bengal became Independent State amd its first Nawab was Alvardikhan siraj.
v 1756- British was misusing its DASTAK rights
v 1756- Nawab of Bengal~~Siraj-ud-Daula(grandson of Alivardikhan) posted restrictions on
British.
v 1756- Nawab invaded Kasim Bazzar and attacked Fort William, 144 British were captured and
prisoned in a dark room with small hole for respiration.
v On the next day,123 of them died due to suffocation and it is known as BLACK HOLE
TRAGEDY.
v JAN 1757- Robert Clive signed Treaty of Alinagar with nawab and recovered Calcutta.

v BATTLE OF PLASSEY : JUNE 1757- (Mir Jaffer+ Mir Bakshi+ Admiral Watson+ Robert
Clive) attacked Nawab of Bengal.
v War ended in one day and Nawab was killed.
v Mir Jaffer was appointed as Nawab of Bengal.-British was given 24 bargana.

v Mir Jaffer resigned in 1760. He was replaced by his son-in-law Mir Kasim as Nawab.

v BATTLE OF BUXAR: Mir kasim revolted against British for misusing dastak rights, 1962-formed alliance with Nawab of Awadh and Mugal Emperor(Shah alam II) and invaded british
@buxar.
v Combined force of Mir kasim was defeated by Sir Hectre Munro.
v 1765-Robert Clive became the First governor of Bengal.
v Robert Clive made Mir Jaffer as Nawab.
v TREATY OF ALLAHABAD: signed between Robert Clive and Shah Alam II and Nawab of
Awadh----- British was given DIWANI (land revenue collection) rights for Bihar, Bengal and
Orissa.

v IMPORTANCE OF BENGALI CONQUEST:

First phase of economic drain started through Diwani rights.
Made british politically and economically strong in Bengal.
English supremacy in north India as the Emperor of Hindustan was defeated.

MYSORE CONQUEST

Mysore was ruled by UDAYAR DYNASTY. Hyder Ali joined the mysore army as a chepoy in
1740. Later he became the ruler of Mysore replacing Udayar ruler in 1761.

1st MYSORE WAR:

v PERIOD: 1766-1769

v Between Hyder Ali and British (Col. Smith)

v REASONS:
1.Due to alignment of Hyder Ali with French.
2.British threatened by the growth of Hyder Ali.
3.British planned for obtaining the West Coast of India from Hyder Ali(for free and easy trade).

v COARSE OF WAR:
1767Battle b/w British and Hyder Ali @ its peak.

v TREATY: 1769-A friendly treaty signed b/w Hyder Ali and BritishTREATY OF MADRAS
[To help Hyder Ali from marathas and Nizam (H)].

2nd MYSORE WAR:

v PERIOD: 1780-1784

v Between Hyder Ali + Tipu Sultan and British (Warren Hastings)

v REASONS:
1.Warren Hastings became Governor General of Bengal-1773.
2.Warren Hastings attacked French territory MAHE, which is under the control of Hyder Ali.
3.Hyder Ali was not supported by British during war with Marathas and Nizam as agreed in
Treaty of Madras -1771.

v COARSE OF WAR:
1.1780-Hyder Ali invited the war.
2.Initially Hyder Ali defeated the British force.
3.1781-Hyder Ali was defeated by Eyre Coote @Battle Of PROTONOVA
4.1782-Hyder Ali died of Cancer.
5.Tipu Sultan continued the war, both exhausted and ended with treaty.
[Tipu has strong administration over civil and military~~thus british could not defeat him easily.]

v TREATY: 1784-Treaty of Manglore. On the basis of mutual restitution of conquests.

3rd MYSORE WAR:

v PERIOD: 1790-1792

v Between Tipu Sultan and British (Cornwallis)

v REASONS:
1.Tipu Sultan has cardinal relationship with French.(hated by British)
2.Tipu Sultan attacked Trivancore(a close ally of British).

v COARSE OF WAR:
1.British started the war in 1790.
2.Tipu has given European pattern of training to his forces(but they could not grasp it easily.)
3.1791~~forces of Mysore were defeated by British in many places.
Tipu sultan was defeated.

v TREATY: 1792Treaty of SRIRENGAPATINAM~~~Tipu gave half of his territories to

British.

Tipu Sultan tried to form International Islamic alliance (Kabul,Iran,S.Arabia,Egypt).

1793-Tipu became the member of JACOBIAN CLUB.
Tipu organized solidarity meeting at Srirengapatinam to support French Revolution.
Tree of Liberty planted at Srirengapatinam.

4th MYSORE WAR:

v PERIOD: 1799

v Between Tipu Sultan and British (Wellesely)

v REASONS:
1.Tipu Sultan has cardinal relationship with French.(hated by British)
2.Tipu Sultan membership in Jacobian club.~~threatened British.

v COARSE OF WAR:
1.Lord Wellesely became the Governor General of Bengal(known for his aggressive policies).
2.Wellesely wanted Tipu out of Mysore region.
3.1799Battle started b/w them,Tipu Sultan used iron cased rockets in the war.
4.Finally,Tipu Sultan defeated in the war and killed.
5.UDAYAR replaced the throne.(loyal to british).

IMPORTANCE:
1.British became the prominent power of South India.
2.British relieved from Francophobia.
3.They availed Western coastal region.

MARATHA CONQUEST

VARIOUS MARATHA RULERS:

MARATHA RULERS
AREA UNDER CONTROL

PESHWA
POONA

GAEKWAD
BARODA

SINDHIA
GWALIOR

HOLKAR
INDORE

BHONSLE
NAGPUR

1st MARATHA WAR:

v PERIOD: 1775-1782

v REASONS:
1.British signed Treaty of Surat favouring Ragunath Rao as Peshwa.[After the death of
Madhavrao Peshwa in 1772, his brother Narayanrao became Peshwa of the Maratha Empire.
However, Raghunathrao, Narayanrao's uncle, had his nephew assassinated in a palace conspiracy
that resulted in Raghunathrao becoming Peshwa, although he was not the legal heir.]

v COARSE OF WAR:
1. Narayanrao's widow, Gangabai, gave birth to a posthumous son, who was legal heir to the
throne. The newborn infant was named 'Sawai' Madhavrao.
2. Battle of Wadgaon-1779~~English forces were defeated by Maratha Rulers.

v TREATY: 1782-Treaty of SALBHAI ;signed between marathas and Hastings .Peace b/w
Marathas and British for next 20 years.

2nd MARATHA WAR:

v PERIOD: 1803-1806

v REASONS:

1. 1798--Wellesley introduced Subsidiary Alliance (securing the rulers providing military help
and economic +political reward in return).
2. 1801Nawab of Awadh,Nawab of Carnatic signed Subsidiary Alliance.
3. In October 1802, Peshwa Baji Rao II was defeated by Yashwantrao Holkar, ruler of Indore, at
the Battle of Poona. He fled to British protection, and in December the same year concluded the
Treaty of Bassein with the British East India Company.

v COARSE OF WAR:
1.In Combined forces of (Sindia+Bhonsle) defeated by EEIC~~the Maratha rulers also became
the subsidiary alliance of British.
2.In 1805,Holkar fought with EEIC,signed a Peace treaty and ends the war.

v TREATY: Treaty of Rajghat,1805.

3rd MARATHA WAR:

v PERIOD: 1817-1818

v REASONS:
1.Pindari War started against EEIc(marathas+muslims),headed by Sindias.
2.Its spread throughout north and central India,feared EEIC.

v COARSE OF WAR:
1.1817-Peshwa attacked EEIC @ Poona~~Peshwa was defeated and sent to KANPUR and
BOMBAY PRESIDENCY created from his land.
2.All the other Marathas were defeated by EEIC and treaties were signed for Subsidiary Alliance.

IMPORTANCE:
1.End of Maratha rule in India.
2.British became Pan Indian Power.
3.British gained access over cotton in Bombay presidency.
4.II phase of economic drain started in India.

PUNJAB CONQUEST

British feared of Russian Invasion into its Indian Colony.

Thus,planned for protecting for its own cause.(or gain control over Punjab).
In 1832,1839Amirs of SINDH signed Subsidiary Treaty with EEIC(Sir Charles Napier).

1st SIKH WAR:

v PERIOD: 1845-1846

v REASONS:
In 1839-Ranjit Singh(Amir of Punjab) died.
War of Succession arose.
People were unrest and protested against the government for mismanagement.\

v COARSE OF WAR:
In 1845Lord Gough and Lord Hardinger(Governor General)attacked Punjab.
Punjab with unorganized army and lack of leadership defeated easily by EEIC.

v TREATY: Treaty of LAHORE-1846.

2nd SIKH WAR:

v PERIOD: 1848-1849.
v REASONS:
1.Dalhousie became the Governor General-1848.
2.Introduced Doctrine of lapse.
3.At that time , Punjab did not have legal heir.

v COARSE OF WAR:

1.Punjab was annexed by Dalhousie, for void of proper succession and improper government in
Punjab.
2. Though some government officials and public rose against the annexation of Punjab~~they
were easily suppressed.
3. John Lawrence became the first Commissioner of Punjab Province.

DOCTRINE OF LAPSE

Introduced by Dalhousie in 1848.

1848Satara was annexed by this doctrine.
1849Punjab was annexed.
1853Berar was annexed.
1854Jhansi was annexed for no legal heir from rani Lakshmi Bhai.
1856--Awadh was annexed for mis governance from Nana Shaeib.

By the end of 1856 entire India came under the political control of English East Indian Company,
the accumulated grievances of people and rulers reflected in 1857 Revolt. Though the revolt was
aggressive with great participation from central India,it was successfully suppressed by
British.Later the power was transferred to the CROWN and it was under the crown till INDIAN
INDEPENDENCE IN 1947.

ANGLO-BURMESE WAR

v Burma was united by King ALOUNG PAYA between 1752-1760.

v His Successor Bodopaya repelled many chinese invasions and conquered the states of Arakan
and Manipur(1813).
v FIRST ANGLO- BURMESE WAR(1824):
In 1824,British Indian Authority declared War on Burma and occupied Rangoon and reached the
capital Ava,peace came in 1826 by Treaty of YANDABO.

v SECOND ANGLO- BURMESE WAR(1852):

Annexation of Pegu,the capital province only remained free.

v THIRD ANGLO- BURMESE WAR(1885):

British attacked over Burma,Thibaw surrendered.

v Later,in 1935 GoI act Burma was separated from India.

v 1948-Burmese national movement under U AUNG SAN intensified,and it was given
independence in Jan 1948.

ANGLO-AFGAN WAR

The annexation of Afgan was basically because of the threat from Russian expansion in
northwest .Also fear of afgan would become the ally of Russia.If it happens it would be a great
threat to British India.

v FIRST WAR (1838-1842):

Also known as Aucklands Folly.In 1839,British replaced Dost Muhammed by placing Shah
Shuja.British faced popular revolt but were able to re-occupy Kabul.However ,they had to restore
the thrown to Dost Muhammed.Occupied Kabul in 1842.

v SECOND WAR (1878-1880):

British India attacked Afgan during the period of Sher Ali.Sher Ali was defeated by Lord Litton
and his son(Yakub khan) signed the Treaty of GANDAMAK.British adopted the policy of noninterference,but the afgan border with Russia is secured by British Indians and British interfered
in the foreign affairs of Afgan.

v THIRD WAR:
Durand line was reaffirmed between British India and Afgan.Treaty of Rawalpendi was
signed.Afgan was given independence with full soverignity in Foreign affairs.
- See more at: http://ssc.xaam.in/2014/02/history-of-british-rise-inindia.html#sthash.yXhxvPaI.dpuf

INDIAN HISTORY IMPORTANT QUESTIONS: (VICEROYS)

Q) Who introduced English education in India?

William Bentick
Q) Who introduced permanent settlement?
Cornwallis
Q) Who introduced Doctorine of Lapse?
Dalhousie
Q) Who introduced Railways?
Dalhousie
Q) Who introduced Ryotwari system?
Munro
Q) Who introduced Indian Civil Service?
A) Cornwallis
Q) Who introduced Arms Act?
A) Lytton
Q) Who introduced Post and Telegraph?
Dalhousie
Q) Who introduced Subsidiary Alliance
Wellesley
Q) Who abolished Sati?
William Bentick
Q) Who introduced Vernacular Press Act?
Lytton
Q) Who introduced Local Self Govt?
Rippon
Q) Who was responsible for Bengal partition?
Lord Curzon
Q) Who introduced Rowlatt Act?
Lord Chelmsford
Q) Who was the viceroy at the time of transfer of capital to Delhi?
Lord Hardige II
Q) Who repealed Vernacular Press Act?
Lord Rippon
Q) Jalliayan wala Bagh tragedy occurred during time of ?
Lord Chelmsford
Q) Who introduced Indian council Act/Morley Minto reforms?
Lord Minto II
Q) Who revoked partition of Bengal?
Lord Hardige II
Q) Dyarchy of province was introduced during time of?
Lord Chelmsford
Q) During simon commission agitation who was viceroy?
Lord Irwin
Q) Who was viceroy during third round table?
Lord Wellington
Q) Who was viceroy during communal award?
Lord Wellington

Q) During visit of Cripps mission who was viceroy?

Lord Linlithgow
Q) Who was viceroy during INA trial?
Lord Wavell
Q) During first round table who was viceroy?
Lord Irwin
Q) During second round table who was viceroy?
Lord Wellington
Q) During Quit India movement who was viceroy?
Lord Linlithgow
Q) Who was viceroy when Indian Independence act was passed?
Lord Mountbatten
Q) During cabinet mission plan who was viceroy?
Lord Wavell
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Important GK question for SSC Exams

Q1. Which gas is used to disinfect water in swimming pools Chlorine
Q2. Royal Bengal, Sumatran, Malayan and Siberian are the species of which member
of cat family Tiger
Q3. Which was the first state in the India to be formed on a purely linguistic basis, in 1953
Andhra Pradesh
Q4. Which 19th century social reformer from Maharashtra was popularly known as
Lokhitwadi Gopal Hari Deshmukh
Q5. In humans, which protein transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of body
Hemoglobin
Q6. The union territory of Andaman & Nicobar Islands is under the jurisdiction of which
High Court Kolkata High Court
Q7. Ganymede, the largest natural satellite in the Solar System, is a natural satellite (moon)
of which planet Jupiter
Q8. Which princely state was the first to be annexed to the British East India Company
under the Doctrine of Lapse policy, devised by Lord Dalhousie Satara
Q9. Which water body seprates the Africa from the Europe Strait of Gibraltar
Q10. Which American President in his famous Gettysberg speech defined democracy as the

government of the people, by the people, for the people Abraham Lincoln
Q11. What is the popular name of Sodium Chloride Common Salt
Q12. Satyameva Jayate, the national motto of India, has been teken from which
Upanishad Mundaka
Q13. On the banks of which river is the city of Jammu, the winter capital of Jammu &
Kashmir, situated Tawi
Q14. How do we better know social activist Murlidhar Devidas, the founder of leprosy
rehabilitation center Anandvan in Maharashtra Baba Amte
Q15. Which passenger train service connects Kolkata (India) with Dhaka (Bangladesh) ==>
Maitreyi Express
Q16. To the Greeks, which Maurya ruler was known as Sandrokottos ==> Chandragupta
Maurya
Q17. In 1998, which internet search engine company was co-founded by Larry Page and
Sergey Brin ==> Google
Q18. By Gods Decree, Cricket my style and Straight from the Heart are the
autobiographies of which Indian cricketer ==>Kapil Dev
Q19. On 21st July 1969, at which site did Neil Armstrong set his foot on the Moon ==> Sea
of Tranquility
Q20. Due to its ability to dissolve glass, which acid is not kept in glass container
==>Hydrofluoric Acid
Q21. Which state is known as the Spice Garden of India ==> Kerala
Q22. Which Marathi newspaper is the mouthpiece of Shiv Sena ==> Saamna
Q23. Constituting about 78% by volume, which is the most abundant gas in the Earths
atmosphere ==>Nitrogen
Q24. Koyna Hydroelectric Power Project constructed over Koyna river, a tributary of
Krishna river, is located in which state ==> Maharashtra
Q25. For Lok Sabha, how many members from the Anglo-Indian community are
nominated by the President of India 2
Q26. The Grand Trunk Road (GT Road), running from Peshawar in Pakistan to
Sonargaon in Bangladesh, was built by which ruler ==> Sher Shah Suri
Q27. Which American swimmer created history by winning 8 gold medals in Beijing
Olympic 2008, the most gold medals by an individual at a single Olympic ==> Michael
Phelps
Q28. Which Muslim social reformer founded the Aligarh Muslim University, originally
known as Mohammeden Anglo-Oriental College, in 1875 ==>Syed Ahmed Khan
Q29. Which chennai born writer won the Booker Prize 2008 for his debut novel The White
Tiger ==> Aravind Adiga
Q30. Fight the guerrilla as a guerrilla is the motto of which miltary academy ==>
Counterinsurgency & Jungle Warfare School
Q31. Who was the first Indian woman to win Miss Asia Pacific title in 1970 ==> Zeenat
Aman
Q32. Who wrote Indias natinal song the Vande Mataram, which first appeared in the
book Anandmath ==>Bankimchandra Chatterjee
Q33. How many times Equinox, when Sun is vertically above the Earths equator and the
day & night are equally long, occurs in a year ==>Two
Q34. After attaining enlightenment, where did Gautama Buddha deliver his first sermon

Dharamachakra Pravartan (set in motion Wheel of Law) ==>Sarnath (U.P.)

Q35. Which Asian country is known as the Land of the White Elephants ==> Thailand
Q36. Who is the first chief of the National Investigation Agency (NIA), set up recently to
investigate terror-related cases across the country ==>Radha Vinod Raju
Q37. Who invented Smallpox Vaccine ==>Edward Jenner
Q38. Which freedom fighter authored Gita Rahasya, a commentary on Bhagvad Gita,
during his imprisonment at Mandalay in Myanmar ==>Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Q39. Considered as the symbol of peace, two branches of which tree are depicted on the
United Nations (UN) flag ==>
Olive
Q40. Which city is served by the Veer Savarkar Airport ==> Port Blair
Q41. For which domestic Cricket trophy, the Ranji Trophy champions play against the Rest
of India team ==>Irani Trophy
Q42. Which garden near Chandigarh was built by Aurangzebs foster brother Fidai Khan
==>Pinjore Gardens
Q43. Who was the first education minister of independent India ==>Maulana Abul Kalam
Azad
Q44. Which city houses the headquarters of United Nations (UN) ==> New York (USA)
Q45. Which among the following is the measuring unit of electric current ==>Ampere
Q46. Angkor Wat temple in Cambodia, the largest Hindu temple in the world, is dedicated
to which God ==> Vishnu
Q47. Where is the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, the launching site of the Chandrayaan-I,
located ==> Sriharikota (Andhra Pradesh)
Q48. Which African country was formerly known as Nyasaland ==> Malawi
Q49. Long Walk To Freedom is the autobiography of which Bharat Ratna recipient
==>Nelson Mandela
Q50. Which island nation, in the Indian Ocean, is the worlds largest producer and
exporter of Vanilla ==>Madagascar
Q51. Gol Ghar, a beehive shaped structure built in 1786 to store grains for the British
Army, is located in which city Meerut
Q52. In humans, which dark brown pigment is responsible for the skin colour ==> Melanin
Q53. Who wrote the famous novel Devdas ==>Sharat Chandra Chatterjee
Q54. Which freedom fighter was popularly known as Lokpriya ==> Gopinath Bordoloi
Q55. Which battle lead to the disintegration of Vijayanagar empire of south India
==>Battle of Talikota (1565)
Q56. In which city is the Indian Institute of Pulses Research located ==>Kanpur
Q57. Pinaka, the multi barrel rocket launcher produced in India, is named after which
Hindu Gods bow ==>Shiva
Q58. Which scale is used to measure the Acid or Alkali (Base) content of a substance ==>
pH scale
Q59. Which disease, named after a Japanese city where it was first observed, is caused by
severe Mercury poisoning ==>Minamata
Q60. Who was the first Indian to be elected a Fellow of Royal Society (FRS) ==> Ardaseer
Cursetjee Wadia
Q61. Which among the following is not a Kharif crop ==>Mustard
Q62. Which monument was built by Mohammed Quli Qutub Shah in 1591 to

commemorate the end of the plague in his capital ==> Charminar, Hyderabad
Q63. For the popularization of science, which agency of United Nations (UN) awards the
Kalinga Prize ==>UNESCO
Q64. Lawsons Bay Beach and Ramakrishna Beach are located in which port city on the
Bay of Bengal ==>
Visakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh)
Q65. Which ancient Indian physician is known as the Father of Modern Plastic Surgery
==>
Sushruta
Q66. Who directed Oscar award winning short documentary film Smile Pinki (2008)
==>Megan Mylan
Q67. Who presided over the first session of the All India Trade Union Cogress in 1920 ==>
Lala Lajpat Rai
Q68. On which planet, due to its clockwise (east to west) rotation on the axis, the Sun rises
in the west and sets in the east ==> Venus
Q69. By what name is British lady Madeleine Slade, a disciple of Mahatma Gandhi, better
known ==>Meera Ben
Q70. For his major role in the development of computer chip Pentium, which indian IT
expert is called the Father of Pentium ==>Vinod Dham
Q71. In which sport, each team consists of four male and four female players ==> Korfball
Q72. What is the term of a member of Rajya Sabha ==>6 years
Q73. In which state is the Kanchenjunga, the second highest mountain peak in India,
located ==>Sikkim
Q74. What does the Pisciculture refers to ==> Fish Farming
Q75. In 1906, at the founding session of all India Muslim League in Dhaka, who became the
first president of the party ==>Nawab Salimullah Khan
Q76. Which is the longest National Highways in India ==>Varanasi Kanyakumari (NH7)
Q77. How do we better know nineteenth century spiritual guru Gadadhar Chatterjee
==>Ramakrishna Paramhans
Q78. Stapes, the smallest and the lightest bone in human body, is the part of which organ
==>Ear
Q79. Which mineral is mined at Jayamkondam in Tamil Nadu ==>Lignite
Q80. Who authored the book A Brief History of Time ==>Stephan Hawking
Q81. When do we celebrate the Engineers Day of India, the birthday of Bharat Ratna
recipient M.Visvesarayya ==> 15 September
Q82. Muga, Eri, Tussar and Mulberry are the varieties of which natural fibre
==>Silk
Q83. In which pilgrimage city of India would you come across the worlds longest corridor
==>Rameshwaram
Q84. In 1929, who founded non-violent movement Khudai Khidmatgar, also known as
Red Shirts ==>Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Q85. Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education is located in which city
==>Gwalior
Q86. Athletes Foot, an infectious disease, is caused by which agent ==>Fungi
Q87. Who authored the book Hindu View of Life ==>S.Radhakrishnan
Q88. Solid form of which gas is commonly known as Dry Ice ==> Carbon dioxide

Q89. Who was the first woman president in the world ==>Maria Isbel Paron
Q90. Who created the first Portable Computer ==>Adam Osborne
Q91. Designed by Bengali architect Vidhyadhar Bhattacharya, which city is known as
Pink City ==>Jaipur
Q92. Which metal is used to make electric bulb filaments ==> Tungsten
Q93. Who was the first Viceroy of India ==> Lord Canning
Q94. In terms of both area and population, which is the smallest country in the world
==>Vatican City
Q95. Which portfolio did Rajkumari Amrit Kaur, the first woman cabinet minister in
India, hold in the independent Indias first cabinet ==>Health
Q96. Palghat Gap, about 20 miles wide mountain pass between the Nilgiri Hills and the
Anaimalai Hills, connects Kerala to which state ==>Tamil Nadu
Q97. Named after the mount of Hindu god Vishnu, Garuda is the national airline of which
most Muslim populous country ==> Indonesia
Q98. At which town in Andhra Pradesh, famous for silk sarees, did Vinoba Bhave start the
Bhoodan Movement in 1951 ==>Pochampally
Q99. Daughter of the East book is the autobiography of which Asian woman leader
==>Benazir Bhutto
Q100. Which country was formerly known as Upper Volta ==>Burkina Faso
Q.1 Which former Prime Minister of India was also called Yuva Turk ==>
Chandrashekhar
Q2. Which mineral is used to make the Plaster of Paris ==> Gypsum
Q3. Which is the most spoken language in the world ==> Mandarin
Q4. Which planet in the Solar System is named after the Roman god of agriculture and
harvest ==> Saturn
Q5. From the Constitution of which country was the concept of the Fundamental Rights in
the Indian Constitution borrowed ==> United States of America
Q6. To which ocean does Panama Canal connect the Pacific Ocean ==> Atlantic Ocean
Q7. By what name is Krishna Dvaipayana, author of the epic Mahabharat, better known
==> Ved Vyas
Q8. In which city is the Central Potato Research Institute (CPRI) located ==> Shimla
Q9. Bhutia, Kathiawadi, Marwari, Manipuri, Spiti and Zanskari are the Indian
breeds of which animal ==> Horse
Q10. Who introduced the word Robot, for artificial workers, in his science fiction play
R.U.R. in 1921 ==> Karel Capek
Q11. In the most popular internet domain name .com (dot-com), the com is the short
form for which word ==> Commercial
Q12. Deficiency of which vitamin leads to Rickets (softening of bones) ==> Vitamin D
Q13. Which freedom fighter was popularly known as the Grand Old Man of India ==>
Dadabhai Naoroji
Q14. Which Indian state has the longest coastline ==> Gujarat
Q15. Naxalbari village, the birth place of Naxalite Movement, is located in which state ==>
West Bengal
Q16. Roopavahini is the National Television Network of which Asian country ==> Sri

Lanka
Q17. On 17 Dec 1931, who founded the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) in Kolkata ==>)
P.C.Mahalanobis
Q18. Named after Libyan leader Muammar al-Gaddafi, famous Test cricket ground
Gaddafi Stadium is located in which city ==> Lahore (Pakistan)
Q19. Which mythological weapon is depicted on the Param Vir Chakra medal ==> Vajra
Q20. Hydrogen and Carbon monoxide are the major constituents of which fuel gas ==>
Water Gas
Q21. In May 1998, while addressing at nuclear tests site near Pokhran, who added Jai
Vigyan to the Lal Bahadur Shastris slogan Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan ==> Atal Behari
Vajpayee
Q22. On the banks of which river is the Jamshedpur, the steel city of India, situated ==>
Subarnarekha
Q23. Which Indian city you would be in if you were standing on worlds longest railway
platform ==> Kharagpur (W.Bengal)
Q24. In 1953, which film won the first National Award for the Best Feature Film ==>
Shyamchi Aai (Marathi)
Q25. In his first voyage to India, at which place did Vasco da Gama land on 20 May 1498
==> Kozhikode (Calicut)
Q26. Vikramshila University, an ancient university of India whose ruins are situated in
present day Bihar, was founded by which Pala ruler ==> Dharmapala
Q27. Freedom in Exile book is the autobiography of which Nobel Peace Prize winner ==>
Dalai Lama XIV
Q28. Which Indian woman athlete is popularly known as Idukki Express ==>
K.M.Beenamol
Q29. Hoover Medal, a prize given for outstanding extra-career services by engineers to
humanity, has been awarded to which Indian engineer for year 2008 ==> A.P.J.Abdul
Kalam
Q30. In international cricket, Yuvraj Singh of India is the second batsman to hit 6 sixers in
an over. Who was the first ==> Herschelle Gibbs (South Africa)
Q31. On the banks of which river is the Kumbh Mela at Ujjain held ==> Kshipra
Q32. Shivkasi in Tamil Nadu is famous for which industry ==> Fireworks
Q33. To put out the fire, which gas is released by Fire Extinguishers ==> Carbon dioxide
Q34. Dromedary and Bactrian are the types of which animal ==> Camel
Q35. In which union territory of India, would you meet the people of the Onge tribe ==>
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Q36. Ramon Magsaysay Award, often considered as Asias Nobel Prize, is given in memory
of which Asian countrys former president ==> Philippines
Q37. The East-West Corridor, being constructed under National Highways Development
Project, and which starts at Porbandar (Gujarat) in west, will terminate at which place in
the east ==> Silchar (Assam)
Q38. Asteroids, sometimes called minor planets or planetoids, are generally found between
which planets ==> Mars and Jupiter
Q39. By what name is the observation in economics that bad money drives out good
money popularly known ==> Greshams Law
Q40. The subatomic particle Boson is named after which Indian scientist ==> Satyendra

Nath Bose
Q41. On 1st July 1997, where was Indias first Science City inaugurated ==> Kolkata
Q42. What is the name of Morarji Desais samadhi in Ahmedabad ==> Abhay Ghat
Q43. In 1829, which Governor-General prohibited the practice of Sati ==> Lord William
Bentinck
Q44. Who authored the book Indica ==> Megasthanese
Q45. Which is the oldest stock exchange in Asia ==> Bombay Stock Exchange
Q46. Who is the chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of India ==> Anil Kakodkar
Q47. By defeating Harshavardhana on the banks of river Narmada, which Chalukya ruler
stopped him from expanding into south ==> Pulkesin II
Q48. In 1892, who became the first Indian to be elected to the House of Commons (lower
house of British Parliament) ==> Dadabhai Naoroji
Q49. Which military training institute located at Khadakwasla near Pune in Maharashtra
has adopted Seva Parmo Dharma (Service before Self) as its motto ==> National Defence
Academy
Q50. Which city houses the headquarters of Asian Development Bank (ADB) ==> Manila
(Philippines)
Q51. Which natural sugar is found in the milk ==> Lactose
Q52. Nepali, Lepcha, Bhutia and Limbu are the main spoken langauges of which
Indian state ==> Sikkim
Q53. On 15 May 1952, who became the first speaker of the Lok Sabha ==>
G.V.Mavalankar
Q54. Which royal poet of Delhi Sultanate is regarded as the Father of Qawwali ==> Amir
Khusro
Q55. In 1976, which Bengali lady novelist became the first woman to receive the Jnanpith
Award for her novel Pratham Pritisruti (First Promise) ==> Ashapurna Devi
Q56. Which Article of the Indian Constitution gives special status to Jammu and Kashmir
==> Article 370
Q57. Immortalized in the voice of Lata Mangeshkar, Kavi Pradeeps famous patriotic song
Aye mere watan ke logon was set to music by which musician ==> C.Ramchandra
Q58. Coined by French priest Henri Didon, Citius, Altius, Fortius (Swifter, Higher,
Stronger) slogan is the motto of which tournament ==> Olympic Games
Q59. Who was popularly known as the Lady with the Lamp ==> Florence Nightingale
Q60. Falkland Islands, located in South Atlantic Ocean, are a self-governing Overseas
Territory of which country ==> United Kingdom
Q61. What is the minimum age limit to become the Governor of a state in India ==> 35
years
Q62. Yakshagana, literally meaning celestial music, is a popular dance drama of which
Indian state ==> Karnataka
Q63. Hirakud Dam at Sambalpur in Orissa, the longest dam in India, is built across which
river ==> Mahanadi
Q64. Among terrestrial (land) animals, which animal has the longest gestation period ==>
Elephant
Q65. For writing the Punjabi language, which Sikh guru developed the Gurumukhi script
==> Guru Angad
Q66. Which among the following disease is caused by female Aedes Aegypti mosquitoes ==>

Dengue Fever
Q67. Mein Kampf (My Struggle) book is the autobiography of which dictator ==> Adolf
Hitler
Q68. Who was the chief guest at the Republic Day celebrations on 26th January 2009 in
New Delhi ==> Nursultan Nazarbayev (Kazakhstan President)
Q69. In 1916, who founded Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey (SNDT) Womens
University at Pune, the first womens university in India ==> Dhondo Keshav Karve
Q70. In which African city are the headquarters of United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP) located ==> Nairobi (Kenya)
Q71. Which hormone, released when danger threatens, is known as Emergency hormone
==> Adrenaline
Q72. Kathakali, Mohiniaattam and Thullal dance forms are native of which state ==>
Kerala
Q73. Which is the only continent through which all longitude lines passes ==> Antarctica
Q74. Vinaya Pitaka, Sutta Pitaka and Abhidhamma Pitaka collectively known as the
Tripitaka (three baskets) are sacred texts of which religion ==> Buddhism
Q75. In 1997, to which Indian film star did Pakistan Government present its highest
civilian award Nishan-e-Intiaz ==> Dilip Kumar
Q76. On 18 March 1965, who became the first human to walk in the space ==> Alexey
Leonov
Q77. Washington D.C., the capital of United States of America, is located on the banks of
which river ==> Potomac
Q78. Which among the following is the first indigenous civilian aircraft of India ==> Saras
Q79. Near which city is the Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History located
==> Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu)
Q80. Which Central American country was formerly known as British Honduras ==>
Belize
Q81. What name has been given to the first Boeing 747/700 jet, inducted into Indian Air
Force, designed to work as the Indian Presidents office-in-the-sky ==> Rajdoot
Q82. Which pigment gives plants and leaves their green colour ==> Chlorophyll
Q83. As a token of protest against Jallianwala Bagh massacre on 13 April 1919, who
returned the Knighthood conferred on him by the British Government ==> Rabindranath
Tagore
Q84. On 6 Apr 2009, which Indian cricketer surpassed Australian Mark Waughs world
record for the most catches in Test Cricket by a fielder (excluding wicket-keeper) ==>
Rahul Dravid
Q85. What is the retirement age of High Court judges ==> 62 years
Q86. Which apparatus is used to measure the blood pressure ==> Sphygmomanometer
Q87. Which renowned dancer established classical dance school Kalakshetra at Adyar
near Chennai in 1931 ==> Rukmini Devi Arundale
Q88. Kudremukh hills, name literally meaning Horse face, in Karnataka are famous for
mines of which mineral ==> Iron Ore
Q89. Ghatigaon Sanctuary, set up for the conservation of the Son Chiriya (great Indian
bustard), is located in which state ==>
Madhya Pradesh
Q90. The novel Q & A, on which 8 Oscar awards winning film Slumdog Millionaire

(2008) is based, was authored by which Indian civil servant ==> Vikas Swarup
Q91. Which is the only bird that can fly backwards ==> Hummingbird
Q92. Chanderi and Maheshwari sarees are native of which state ==> Madhya Pradesh
Q93. Quinine, the anti-malaria drug, is made from the bark of which tree ==> Cinchona
Q94. Titan, the only moon (natural satellite) known to have a dense atmosphere, is the
largest moon of which planet ==> Saturn
Q95. Which dynasty, founded by Mauryan senapati (commander-in-chief) Pushyamitra,
was immediate successor of the Maurya dyanasty ==> Shunga dynasty
Q96. Which coastal city is known as the Queen of the Arabian Sea ==> Kochi (Kerala)
Q97. On 1 September 1939, attack on which country by Germany marked the start of
World War II ==> Poland
Q98. In 1981, which Mumbai born British writer won the Booker Prize for his novel
Midnights Children ==> Salman Rushdie
Q99. In 1913, at which American city did Lala Har Dayal found the Ghadar Party
==>San Francisco Q100. By voter strength, which Indian parliamentary constituency (Lok
Sabha seat) having more than 33 lakh voters holds the world record of the largest
constituency ==> Outer Delhi (Delhi)
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Practice Question for Races with answer

1. In a kilometer race, A can give B a start of 100 m or 15 seconds. How long does A take to complete
the race?
(1) 135 sec
(3) 100 sec

(2) 110 sec

(4) 150 sec

2. A takes 4 minutes and 30 seconds to run a kilometer race. B takes 5 minutes to complete the same
1 km track. If A and B were to participate in a race of 5 kms, how much start can A give B in terms
of distance?

(1) 100 metres

(2) 111.11 metres

(3) 500 metres

(4) 555.55 metres

3. A runs 7/6th as fast as B and gives him a start of 25 metres in a race. How long is the race in terms
of distance so that A and B finish in a dead heat?
(1) 150 metres

(2) 125 metres

(3) 175 metres

(4) None of these

4. A can give B a start of 15 m in a 100m race. B can give C a start of 10m in a 100m race. How much
start can A give C in a 100m race?
(1) 33.5 metre

(2) 25 metres

(3) 23.5 metres

(4) 28.5 metres

5. A gives B a start of 50m in a 1000m race. A can give C a start of 75m in a 500m race. How much
start can B give C in a km race?
(1) 26.31 metres

(2) 76.52 metres

(3) 105.25 metres

(4) None of these

6. In a 200m race, A runs at the speed of 8 m/sec. He gives B a start of 20m and still beats him by 5
seconds. What is the speed of B?
(1) 6.66 m/sec

(2) 6 m/sec

(3) 9 m/sec

(4) 7.2 m/sec

7. A can give B a start of 20m in a 200m race and C a start of 50m in the same race. If B can give C a
start of 10/3 secs in the race, how long does C take to complete 200m?
(1) 10 seconds

(2) 18 seconds

(3) 16.66 seconds

(4) 20 seconds

8. In a km race, A gives B a start of 40 seconds and beats him by 50m. However, when he gives B a
start of 50 seconds they finish the race in a dead heat. What is As speed in m/sec?

(1) 6.67 m/sec

(2) 5 m/sec

(3) 3.33 m/sec

(4) 6.25 m/sec

9. A can run a 1200m race in 60 second, while B takes 75 seconds to complete it. If B has a 240m start
in the race, by how many seconds will B win the race?
(1) 10 seconds

(2) 6 seconds

(3) 15 seconds

(4) None of these

10. A and B start simultaneously from the same point along a circular track of length 1 km in the
same direction at 6 m/sec and 10 m/sec speed. When will they meet for the first time?
(1) 250 seconds

(2) 200 seconds

(3) 500 seconds

(4) 1000 seconds

11. A and B start on a circular track of length 500m simultaneously from the same point in opposite
directions running at 6m/sec and 4 m/sec speeds respectively. How many times would they have
met before they meet for the first time at the starting point again?
(1) 5 times

(2) 10 times

(3) 4 times

(4) None of these

12. A can run half a kilometer in 2 minutes and 30 seconds. B can run the same distance in 3 minutes.
How much start, measured in terms of distance, can A give B in a kilometer race?
(1) 133.33 metres
(2) 166.66 metres
(3) 100 metres
(4) 83.33 metres

13. P and Q run a kilometer and P wins by 60 seconds. P and R run a kilometer and P wins by 360
metres. Q and R run a kilometer and Q wins by 30 seconds. Find the time taken by P to run a
kilometer.

(1) 250 seconds

(2) 333.33 sec

(3) 160 seconds

(4) 190 seconds

14. A takes 3 minutes 40 second while B takes 4 minutes to complete a race. A beats B by 60 metres in
the race if both start simultaneously from the starting point. Find the length of the course.
(1) 120 metres

(2) 660 metres

(3) 720 metres

(4) 900 metres

15. A can run 100 metres in 18 seconds, and B takes 20 seconds to complete the same 100 metres.
How much start, in terms of distance, can A give B in a 100m race?
(1) 10 metres

(2) 11.11 metres

(3) 9.09 metres

(4) None of these

16. In a kilometer race, B gives a start of 240 metres. If the ratio of the speeds of A and B is 7:10, who
wins the race and by what distance?
(1) A, 60 metres

(2) A; 40 metres

(3) B; 60 metres

(4) B; 40 metres

17. A takes 30 seconds lesser to run a kilometer than does. If B gets a start of 100 metres in the race he
loses the race by 100 metres. How long will B take to complete the course?
(1) 120 seconds

(2) 200 seconds

(3) 150 seconds

(4) 250 seconds

18. A runs at the rate of 12 km/hr. He gives B a start of 160 m in a kilometer race and still beats him
by a minute. What is the speed at which B is running?
(1) 140 m/min

(2) 125 m/min

(3) 160 m/min

(4) 210 m/min

19. A and B ran 500 metres in 40 seconds and 50 seconds respectively. How far from the finishing line
will B be when A complete the race, if both of them start simultaneously from the starting point?

(1) 125 metres

(2) 100 metres

(3) 75 metres

(4) 125 metres

20. X can run 1000 metres in 80 seconds, while Y takes 100 seconds to run the same race. If Y has a
start of 60 metres, by how many metres will he lose the race?
(1) 260 metres

(2) 140 metres

(3) 190 metres

(4) 310 metres

21. A and B run around a circular track of length 700 metres starting from the same point
simultaneously in opposite directions. If the speed of A is 8 m/sec and that of B is 6 m/sec, when
will they meet at the starting point again?
(1) 50 sec

(2) 140 sec

(3) 350 sec

(4) None of these

22

1. A and B run around a circular track 98 meters starting from the same point simultaneously and in
the opposite direction. If A runs at the speed of 23 m/min and B runs at the speed of 31 m/min,
when will they meet again for the first time?
(1) 55 sec

(2) 77 sec

(3) 108 sec

(4) 42 sec

23

2. A and B run around a circular track of length 750 metres at speeds of 12 m/sec and 15 m/sec,
starting from the same point in the same direction. If B gives A a start of 15 seconds, when will
they meet for the first time?
(1) 250 seconds

(2) 238 sec.

(3) 60 seconds

(4) 12 seconds

24

3. A takes 10 seconds lesser to run a 400 metre race than B does. If B gets a start of 40 metres in the
race, he loses the race by 40 metres. How long will A take to complete the course?
(1) 80 seconds

(2) 50 seconds

(3) 20 seconds

(4) 40 seconds

25

4. A runs at the rate of 6 km/hr. He gives B a start of 100 m in a kilometer race and still beats him by
two minutes. What is the relative speed between A and B?
(1) 40 m/min

(2) 25 m/min

(3) 50 m/min

(4) 33.33 m/min

26

5. A and B run around a circular track of length 3000 metres at speeds of 18 m/sec and 38 m/sec,
starting from the same point in the same direction. If B gives A a start of 10 seconds, when will
they meet for the first time?
(1) 150 seconds

(2) 4.73 seconds

(3) 9 seconds

(4) 154.7 seconds

27

6. A and B start on a circular track of length 750m simultaneously from the same point in-opposite
direction running at 7m/sec and 3 m/sec speeds respectively. When they meet for the first time at
what point with respect to the starting point will they meet when measured in the direction in
which A runs?
(1) 475 metres

(2) 525 metres

(3) 225 metres

(4) 375 metres

28

7. A runs twice as fast as B. If A gives B a start of 275 metres in a race, how far must be the winning
post, so that they finish the race in a dead heat?
(1) 825 metres

(2) 550 metres

(3) 1100 metres

(4) 275 metres

29

8. In a 500m race, A runs at the speed of 10 m/sec. He gives B a start of 25m and still beats him by
28/9 seconds. What is the speed of B?
(1) 25/3 m/sec

(2) 9 m/sec

(3) 100/9 m/sec

(4) 9.5 m/sec

30

9. A gives B a start of 50m in a 500m race and C a start of 100m in the same race. If B can give C a
start of 5.55 sec in the race, how long does B take to complete 500m?
(1) 50 seconds

(2) 44.44 seconds

(3) 45.45 seconds

(4) None of these

31

10. A can run a 600m race in 30 seconds, while B takes 40 seconds to complete it. After giving B a
100m start in the race, by how many seconds will A win the race?
(1) 5 seconds

(2) 3.33 seconds

(3) 1.66 seconds

(4) 2.5 seconds

ANSWER KEY

1. 1
11. 3
21. 3
2. 3
12. 2
22. 3
3. 3
13. 3
23. 3
4. 3
14. 3
24. 4
5. 3
15. 1
25. 2
6. 2
16. 3
26. 3
7. 4
17. 3
27. 2
8. 1
18. 1
28. 2
9. 4
19. 2
29. 2
10. 1
20. 2
30. 2
- See more at: http://ssc.xaam.in/2014/02/practice-question-for-races-withanswer.html#sthash.1ZsMdo82.dpuf

GK Question and Answer

1. Which is the most abundant
metal present in earth's surface ?
Answer: Aluminum
2. Which is the most abundant
metal present in earth ?
Answer: Iron
3. Which country has the oldest
National Flag ?
Answer: Denmark
4. which country has the oldest
national anthem ?
Answer: Japan
5. Where is National Defense College
situated ?
answer: New Delhi
6. Where is National Defense

31. 2

Academy (NDA) situated ?

answer: Khadakwasla (Pune)
7. Where is Indian Military Academy
situated ?
answer: Dehradun
8. Who is the First American
president who won the Nobel Prize ?
Answer: Theodore Roosevelt
9. Who is the First Russian
president who won the Nobel Prize ?
Answer: Mikhail Gorbachev
10. Which is the largest lake in the
world ?
answer: Caspian Sea
- See more at: http://ssc.xaam.in/2014/02/gk-question-and-answer.html#sthash.MwTwEmxe.dpuf

Current Afairs, News & Facts of 16 & 17 Feb 2014

************************************
1. China plans to build the longest underwater tunnel of the planet.
2. The 123-km long tunnel will connect the port cities of Dalian to Yantai on the east
coast through the Bohai Bay.
3. At present, Japanese 'Seikan Tunnel' holds the world record with a length of 53.9
kilometres.
4. International Gandhi Award for leprosy 2013 has been conferred on Dr.
Vijaykumar Vinayak Dongre and Prof. Guocheng Zhang for their outstanding
contribution in this field.
5. Following resignation of Arvind Kejriwal led AAP government, Delhi put under
President Rule. However assembly has not been dissolved and the house has been
kept under suspended animation.
6. National Capital Territory of Delhi will now be administered by President through
Lt. Governor in accordance with the provision of Article 239 and Article 239AA of the
Constitution.
7. Indian Agricultural Research Institute (Pune) developes a virus-immune
transgenic variety of papaya.

8. The breakthrough has the potential to revolutionize the global papaya industry.
9. M Teresa kho has been appointed the new Director (India) of Asian Development
Bank. She replaces Hun Kim.
10. "Solar Impulse"- worlds first day and night-abled solar-powered wide body
aircraft, to fly in India next year as part of its "round-the world experimental flight".
11. Also called 'Signature in the Skies it is a initiative of Switzerland based Solar
Impulse led by CEO, Andre Borschberg and Bertrand Piccard.

Important National Highways

National Highway
Start and End
NH-1
Delhi to pak bordar
NH-2
Delhi to Kolkata
NH-3
Agra to Mumbai
NH-4
Chennai to Mumbai
NH-5
Chennai Kolkata
NH-6
Mumbai to Kolkata
NH-7
Varanasi to Kanyakumari
NH-8
Delhi-Jaipur-Mumbai
- See more at: http://ssc.xaam.in/2014/02/tricks-to-remember-nationalhighway.html#sthash.pRYJTWH0.dpuf

Important Dams On Rivers

Posted by Mangala Pandey at 01:24 Labels: GK
Dam

River

Srisailam Dam
(Andhra Pradesh)

Krishna

Total Lenth
1226
1490
1161
1415
1610
1945
2369
2058

Nagarjuna sagar dam

(Andhra Pradesh)

Krishna

Dantiwada dam(Gujrat) Banas river

Kadana dam(Gujrat)

Mahi

Kakrapar(Gujrat)

Tapi

Sardar sarovar(Gujrat)

Narmada

Bhakranangal & Nathpa Sutlej river

dams(HP)
Baglihar,kirthai,sawalko Chenab
t dams(J&K)
Konar(Jharkhand)

Konar

Maithon(Jharkhand)

Barakar

Alamatti(Karnataka)

Krishna

Bhadra(Karnataka)

Bhadra

Mullaperiyar(Kerla)

Periyar

Indirasagar(MP)

Narmada

Bansagar(MP)

Son

Mula(Maharashtra)

Mula

Tehri dam

Bhagiradhi

Farakka barrage

Ganges

Easy Trick to Remember Bank headquarters

Posted by Mangala Pandey at 05:08 Labels: GK
--

1. All banks jinke naam ke last me India hai (united bank of India ko chod kar) aur
Dena ka head office Mumbai me hai ,,,,,,,
2. IOB & IB in chennai,,,,, jinke name me Indian pahle ata hai unka headquarter
chennai me.
3. remember a sentence "New delhi Ke panjabi log commerce me kafi tez hote hain"
now PNB,Panjab & sindh Bank & Oriental bank of commerce have their
headquarters in NEW DELHI .
4. UCO ,UNITED bank of India & Allahabad bank - Kolkata,,,
5.There are two banks which resembles a south indian name Canara,Vijaya banglore ,,
6.Bank of Baroda,Bank of Mahastra & Andhara bank headquarter are related to their
own cities like Bank of Baroda - Baroda,Bank of maharastra - Pune,Andhra bankHyderabad
7.There are only two banks which have very unique headquarters memorize them
separately
Syndicate Bank - Manipal
Corporation Bank-Mangalore ..

Trick to Remember members of Group of 20(G-20)

countries
Posted by Mangala Pandey at 05:11 Labels: trick
Trick to Remember members of==Group of 20(G-20) countries
"GURU JI SITA AB SSC FCI ME" job karti hai(only capital letters)
G-Germany
U- U.S.A
R- Russia
U- United kingdom
J- Japan

I- India
S- Saudi Arabia
I- Indonesia
T- Turkey
A- Australia
A- Argentina
B- Brazil
S- South Africa
S- South Korea
C- Canada
F- France
C- China
I- Italy
M- Mexico
E- European Union(EU)

National Book Award Katherin Boo

Yuri Milner Award Ashok Sen
Hoover Medal Narayan Murthi
BCCIs lifetime achievement award -Gavaskr
Man Booker Prize Hillary Mantel
Best TV host award Amitabh Bachhan
Chameli Devi Jain Award- Tushita Mittal
Punjab Ratan Award - Lord Indarjit Singh
JICA President Award - Delhi Metro
Indira Gandhi award for National Integration Guljar
Indira Gandhi Peace Prize 2012 Ellen Johnson Serleaf
Indira Gandhi Peace Prize 2010 LulaDa Silva (she received this awardrecently)
Sastra Ramanujan Prize - Zhiwei Yun
Abel Prize: Eedre Szemereredi(HungryMathematician)
Rajiv Gandhi Sadbhavana award -D.R.Mehta
Miss World 2012-Wen xia YU(China)
Miss Asia Paisific-Himangini Singh

Brand Ambassador of BMW-SachinTendulkar

Egtek Egale Award(Best Award ofMexico):-R.K.Pachauri
RGN Sadbhavana Award-D.R. Mehta
Seoul Peace Award- Bank Ki Moon
Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award- Vijay Kumar and Yogeshwar Dutt
Dadasaheb Phalke Award 2011 -Soumitra Chatterjee (Bengali actor)
Saraswati Samman (2011) - Dr A A Manavalan (Tamil) for his work 'Irama Kathaiyum
Iramayakalum' (Ramakatha andRamayanas).
Moorti Devi Award (2011) - Dr Gulab Kothari for his book Mein Hi Radha, Mein Hi
Krishna
Bihari Puraskar (2011) - Rajasthani poet Dr Arjun deo Charan for his work Ghar To
Ek Naam Hai Bharose Ro
Vyas Samman (2011) - Hindi writer Ramdarash mishra for his work aamke patte
Life time achievement award at 8th Dubai International film festival A.R. Rahman
International Gandhi Award-Dr. Caire Veult & Dr. J.D. Samant
World Food Prize- Dr. Daniel Hillel (Israeli Scientist)
Who won Magasaysay Award- Kulandeai Francis
Indu sharma Katha Samman-Pradeep Saurabh (Book- Teesri Tali)
ICC Awards 2012 ICC ODI Cricketer of the year- Virat Kohli
ICC Cricketer of the year- Kumar Sangakkara

IMPORTANT GK TRICK (By this trick you can easily keep this GK in your mind) Must read and
shares with your friends. Enjoy the trick
1. ARUNA MAMI
(ARUNANCHAL NAGALAND MANIPUR MIZORAM) Indian states touch boundary with Myanmar
2. GUD KHA TASLE ME
(Gulam ,Khilji, Tuglak, Syaad, Lodhi, Mighal) dynasties.
3. B.D.M.S means
BODO, DOGRI, MAITHILI, SANTHALI are languages added to 8th schedule under 92nd
amendment.
4. GPRS may be used in place of Harappa civilization.
Means these important places are situated in Gujrat, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sind.
5. Paani piker khana khakar Chanderi chali Ghaghra pahankar
Battles won by Babar in chronological order ==> Panipat (1526), Khanwa (1527), Chanderi
(1528), Ghaghra (1529).

6. Permanent member of UNO FRECA

(France, Russia, England, China, America)

7. B.S.N.L as BELGIUM, SWITZERLAND, NETHERLAND and LUXEMBOURG are
European countries where mercy killing is legalized.
8. Bipin chandra Pal (BCP) vitamin B, C & P are soluble in water. And others means
A, D, E & K (KEDA) are soluble in fat.
9. 4 Buddhist councils serial is RAVA PAKA
1-Rajigriha 2-Vasali 3- Patliputra 4-Kashmir
10. BPARTY---1. Brahmo Samaj, 2.Prarthana Samaj, 3.Arya Samaj, 4.Ramkrishan Mission,
5.Theosiphical Society ,6. Young Bengal Movement all are in chronological order.
11. Roj AP CM se Mile (capital letters show the name of diseases caused by
Virus) Rabies, AIDS, Poliomyelitis, Chickenpox Mumps Measles (Khasra).
12. States touching Bhutan "SAAB"
SIKKIM, ARUNACHAL PRADESH, ASSAM, BENGAL
13. BHAJSA
B-Babur => H-Humayun => A-Akbar => J-Jehangir => S-Shahjahan => AAurangjeb
It goes like this Babur son is Humayun, Humayun son is akbar & so on
14. JAMMU ka SIpahi ARUN HIMAlaya par UTARA
States touches to China. JAMMU & KASHMIR, SIKKIM, ARUNACHAL PRADESH,
HIMACHAL PRADESH and UTTARAKHAND
15. PEN=RTC
Proton, Electron, Neutron = Rutherford, Thomson, Chadwick.
Tricks for G-8
..~~~ ABC FIR GJ ~~~
A ------------------- America
B ------------------- Britain
C ------------------- Canada
F ------------------- France
I -------------------- Italy
R ------------------- Russia
G ------------------- Germany
J -------------------- Japan

January 1 Army Medical Corps Establishment Day

January 8 African National Congress Foundation Day
January 9 NRI Day
January 10 World Laughter Day
January 11 Death anniversary of Lai Bahadur Shastri
January 12 National Youth Day ( Birth day of Swami Vivekanand )
January 15 Army Day
January 23 Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose's birth anniversary / Desh Prem Diwas /
Patriotism Day
January 25 Indian Tourism Day / International Excise Day
January 26 Republic Day & International Customs Day
January 28 Birth anniversary of Lala Lajpat Rai
January 30
( Martyr's day ) Mahatma Gandhi's Martyrdom Day; World Leprosy Eradication Day
February 1 Coast Guard Day
February 2 World Wetlands Day
February 5 Kashmir Day ( Organized by Pakistan )
February 13 Sarojini Naidu's Birth Anniversary
February 14 Valentine's Day
February 20 Arunachal Day
February 24 Central Excise Day
February 28 National Science Day
March 3 National Defence Day
March 4 National Safety Day
March 8 International Women's Day & International Literacy Day
March 9 CISF Raising Day
March 12 Mauritius Day; Central Industrial Security Force Day
March 15 World Consumers Rights Day & World Disabled Day
March 16 National Vaccination Day
March 19 World Disabled Day
March 21 International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, World
Forestry Day
March 22 World Water Day
March 23 World Meteorological Day
March 24 World TB Day
March 26 Bangladesh Liberation Day
March 28 National Shipping Day
March 30 RajasthanDay
April 1 Orissa Day
April 5 National Maritime Day & Samta Diwas Day
April 7 World Health Day

April 10 - 16 World Aviation and Cosmonautics Day

April 13 Jallianwallah Bagh Massacre Day ( 1919 )
April 14 B.R. Ambedkar
Remembrance Day; Fire Extinguishing Day
April 17 World Haemophilia Day
April 18 World Heritage Day
April 22 World Earth Day
April 23 World Book Day
April 24 Manav Ekta Divas
May 1 May Day ( Workers' Day; International Labour Day )
May 3 International Energy Day / World Press Freedom Day
May 4 Anti - Tobacco Day
May 6 Lawyers day
May 8 V-E Day & World Red Cross Day
May 8 International Red Cross Day ( It is celebrated to commemorate the birth
anniversary of the founder of the Red Cross Organisation Jean Henry Dunant )
May 11 National Technology Day
May 13 National Solidarity Day
May 15 International Day of Families
May 17 World Telecommunication Day
May 21 Anti - Terrorism Day
May 24 Commonwealth Day
May 29 Mount Everest Day
May 31 World No Tobacco Day
June 4 International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression
June 5 World Environment Day
June 12 World Day Against Child Labour
June 14 World Blood Donor Day
June 18 Goa Liberation Day
June 25 UN Charter Signing Day
June 26 Anti - Emergency Day / International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit
Trafficking
June 27 World Diabetes Day
June 28 Poor's Day
July 1 Doctor's Day
July 4 American Independence Day
July 11 World Population Day
July 26 Kargil Victory Day
July 27 Parents Day
August 1-7 Breast Feeding Week
August 1 World Breast Feeding Day
August 3 International Friendship Day
August 6 Hiroshima Day
August 7 National Friendship Day

August 9 Nagasaki Day & Quit India Day

August 12 International Youth Day
August 14 Pakistan's Independence Day
August 15 India's Independence Day
August 19 World Photography Day
August 20 Sadbhavna Divas
August 29 National Sports Day ( Dhyanchand's birthday )
August 30 Small Industry Day
September 2 Coconut Day
September 5 Teacher's Day
September 7 Forgiveness Day
September 8 International Literacy Day
September 14 Hindi Day, World First Aid Day
September 15 International Day of Democracy
September 16 Weld Ozone Day
September 21 Word Alzheimer's Day
September 22 Rose Day ( Welfare of Cancer Patients )
September 25 Social Justice Day
September 26 Day of the Deaf
September 27 World Tourism Day
October 1 Blood Donation Day & International Day for the Elderly ( UN )
October 2 Gandhi Jayanti, International Non-violence Day, World Vegetarian Day
October 3 World Nature Day
October 4 World Animal Welfare Day
October 5 World Habitat Day; World Teacher's Day
October 6 World Wildlife Day
October 7 International Day for Natural Disaster Reduction
October 8 Indian Air force Day
October 9 World Postal Day
October 10 World Mental Health Day; National Post Day, National Solidarity Day
October 12 World Sight Day
October 13 World Calamity Control Day ( UN ), World Disaster Reduction Day
October 14 World Standards Day
October 15 World White cane day ( guiding the blind )
October 16 World Food Day
October 17 International Poverty Eradication Day
October 20 National Solidarity Day ( China attacked India on that day )
October 21 Police Commemoration Day
October 24 United Nations Day
October 30 World Thrift day
October 31 National Integration Day & National Rededication Day
November 7 Infant Protection Day; World Cancer Awareness Day
November 9 Pravasiya Bharatiya Divas / Legal Services Day
November 10 Transport Day

November
November
November
November
November
November
November
November
November
December
December
December
December
December
December
December
December
December
December
December
December
December

14 Children's Day & World Diabetics day

17 Guru Nanak Dev's Birth Anniversary
18 Sappers' Day.
19 Citizens Day.
20 International Children's Day / Africa Industralization Day
21 World Hello Day & Telephone Invent Day
26 Law Day
29 International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People
30 Flag Day
1 World AIDS Day
2 World Computer Literacy Day / National Pollution Prevention Day
3 International Day of Disabled Persons
4 Navy Day
5 International Volunteer Day for Economic and Social Development
7 Armed Forces Flag Day
10 Human Rights Day
11 UNICEF Day
14 National Energy Conservation Day
18 Minorities Rights Day
19 Goa's Liberation Day
23 Kisan's Day
24 National Consumer Day

Friends, here is the list of important ongoing schemes of our Indian Government. This list is very
useful for upcoming SBI PO, SSC CGL and postal assistant exams. All the best and happy
reading :)
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)
Its been launched in 2006 as NREGA and renamed as MGNREGA on 2nd October 2009. Its
intended to provide 150 days of employment to rural adult households as a right.
Swarnajayanthi
Gram
SwarojgarYojna
(SGSY)
It aims at providing self-employment to the rural poor by organising them into self -help groups
(SHGs). Its been launched on April 1st 1999.
Pradhanmantri
Gram
SadakYojna
(PMGSY)
PradhanMantri Gram SadakYojana (PMGSY) was launched on 25thDecember 2000 as a fully
funded Centrally Sponsored Scheme to provide all weather road connectivity in rural areas of the
country.
Indira
AwaasYojna
(IAY)
The objective of the scheme is to primarily help the weaker sections in rural areas who belong to

Below Poverty Line (BPL) category by granting financial assistance for construction of a pucca
house. Additional assistance will be provided for sanitary latrine and smokeless challah under
Total Sanitation Programme (TSP)and Rajiv Gandhi GraminVidyudeekaranYojna. This scheme
is operational since 1985.
BharathNirman
Its been launched in 2005 to provide basic infrastructure in rural areas. Six components of this
programme include

Road connectivity

Electrification

Drinking water supply in rural areas

Telephone connectivity

Housing

Irrigation

Its based on PURA (Providing Urban Amenities in Rural Areas) model of Dr. Abdul Kalam. 1st
phase of the programme has been completed in 2009 and second phase is being operational now.
Jawaharlal
Nehru
National
Urban
Launched in 2005 for modernisation of urban centres

Renewal

Mission

(JNNURM)

SwarnaJayantiShahariRojgarYojana
(SJSRY)
Launched in 1997 (revamped in 2007) to provide self employment and wage employment to
urban poor with special attention to women.
Integrated
Child
Development
Scheme
(ICDS)
Launched in 1975, to alleviate problem of mal nutrition among children of age group 6 years or
below and their mothers.
National
Rural
Health
Mission
(NRHM)
Originally launched for a period of 7 years (2005-12). Its intended to provide health care
facilities in rural areas. JananiSurakshaYojna is part of this programme.
Indira
Gandhi
National
Old
Age
Pension
Scheme
This scheme is intended to provide pension of Rs. 200 to the poor above the age of 65 years. Its
been revised and renamed on 19th November 2007.
Rashtriyaswasthyabimayojna
(National
health
insurance
programme)
Launched in 2008, to provide health insurance facility to people of below poverty line.

Jawaharlal
Nehru
National
Solar
Mission
Launched to meet the challenge of climate change and to achieve sustainable energy. Its aimed
to achieve 20,000 MW of solar power by 2022

All of us know what is noun and what is number. But there are some issues in Noun and Number
which makes us confused often. Lets discuss them

Some nouns always singular in number, so they take the singular verb
o Scenery, Luggage, Information, Advice, Machinery, Stationary, Poetry,
Issue (Children), Rice, Soap, Bread, Brick etc

(There are no plural forms for the above words)

Two cakes of Soap (Not Two Soaps)

Two Pieces of brick (Not Two Bricks)

The sceneries of Kashmir are beautiful

The scenery of Kashmir is beautiful

Some nouns are always plural in number. So, they take a plural verb.

o Alms, Thanks, Goods, Regards, Wishes, Proceeds, Premises, Credentials,

Riches,
Pants,
Pantaloons,
Jeans,
Tights,
Shorts, Pajamas,
Scissors, Forceps, Spectacles, Binaculars ets

Convey my regard and wishes to your parents

Convey my regards and wishes to your parents

I have never used such a scissors in my life

I have never used such scissors in my life

I have never used such a pair of scissors in my life

Some nouns appear plural. But they are singular in number. So we should take a
singular verb
o Wages, Summons, Gallows, News, Politics, Electronics, Billboards,
Measles, Mathematics etc

The court has issued two summons to the minister, but he

hasn't turned up yet

The court has issued two summonses to the minister, but he

hasn't turned up yet

I have a good news to tell you

Here there is no plural for News. We shouldn't use

articles for these type of words.

I have good news to tell you

Measles is a disease (not are)

Some nouns appear singular but they are plural in number. So, they take a plural
verb.
o Cattle, Infantry, Police, Poultry, Swine, Artillery, Peasantry, Gentry etc

This cattle is mine

These cattle are mine

Some nouns can be used either as singulars or as plurals without changing their
form
o Sheep, Deer, Offspring, Species, Aircraft, Space Craft, Salmon, Yoke etc

These are many sheeps in the fields

There are many sheep in the fields

Formation of Plurals :

Boy ------------- Boys

Man ------------- Men

Tooth ------------- Teeth

Dog ------------- Dogs

Ox ------------- Oxen

Child ------------- Children

Belief ------------- Beliefs

Sheaf ------------- Sheaves

Leaf ------------- Leaves

Datum ------------- Data

Stratum ------------- Strata

Matrix ------------- Matrices

Brother ------------- Brothers

Brother - In - Law

------------- Brother - in - Laws

Brothers - in - Law

Man - Servant

------------- Men - Servants

The Usage of the "THE"

:P

Ok, first of all sorry for the confusing title. In this blog we shall discuss where we should
use the article "The". Some of these statements are really make you confuse and seems
they are opposing each other. Please try to read this for two or three times. so that you
can understand THE concept easily.

Before superlative forms

o Ex :

The Tallest

The Best

The most beautiful

Before double comparatives

o Ex:

The higher you go, the colder you gets

The harder you work, the better rank you get in Bank Exams

The more you earn, the more you want

When the comparison is between the two and either of the subjects is Highlighted
o Ex:

Sachin is the greater of the two cricketers

Of the two cricketers sachin is the greater

Note :

Sachin is the greater than lara

Now whats the difference between the first statement

and the third? why the first one is correct and third
one is wrong? because in the 3rd statement, we have
mentioned the Person's name. But in the first
statement we didnt.

Before positive form in apposition

o EX:

Alexander, the great

Manmohan Singh, the prime minister etc

Before musical instruments

o The Guitar
o The Tabla
o The voilin etc

Before a Proper noun when used as a Common noun

o Nelson mandela is The Gandhi of South Africa
o Kalidasa is The Shakespeare of India

Before some adjectives to make them nouns

o Ex:

The Blind

The Dead

The Rich

The Poor

Usage :

The doctor restored sight to the blind (Here there is no need

to mention "The Blind Person" because, the term Blind itself
represents the Blind person, so its the adjective which is used
as the noun.)

The rich should not mock at the poor

Jesus rose from the Dead

Jesus rose from Dead

Before some Languages, to make them PEOPLE.

o English ruled over India for many Years
o The English Ruled over India for Many Years
o French are good at heart
o The French are good at heart

When a noun's quality is STRESSED

o We cannot remove warrior in him
o We cannot remove the warrior in him
o Mother in her aroused when she saw a Crying Baby
o The mother in her aroused when she saw a Crying Baby

Before Ordinal numbers

o The First
o The Third
o The Tenth, etc
o Ex:

The first and the second posts of this blog

Note : Little clarification for those people who have no idea

about Ordinal numbers

One, Two, Three, Four Cardinal Numbers

First, Second, Third Ordinal Numbers

Before the names of Oceans, Seas, Rivers, Canals, Deserts, Groups of

Mountains and Groups of Islands
o

Note : Dont use "The" for single mountain or single Island (Thats the
reason why we've underlined these two statements)

o Ex :

The Pacific

The Red Sea

The Sahara

The Himalayas

Usage :

Kolkata is on the banks of the Hoogli

Kolkata is on the banks of the River Hoogli

Kolkata is on the banks of river Hoogli

Kolkata is on the banks of the Hoogli river

Before Holy Books

o The Ramayana
o The Quran
o The Bible

Usage:

Dont be confued, please read the above

sentences properly and understand them

My father reads the Bible everyday

Before the names of the Things, which are unique in nature

o The Sun
o The moon
o The Sky
o The ________ (You can add your name here :P kidding)

Before the names of Planets and Satellites

o

The Mars

o The Earth

Note : Little clarification for those people who confuses between the
words Planet and Satellites

Planets rotates around the Sun

Satellites rotates around Planets

In apposition, when name precedes the position (Important)

o Manmohan singh, the prime minister is on a two day tour to srilanka
o In correction of sentences, they've given this model for a number of times. The
above sentence means, Manmohan singh, who is the prime minister is on a two
day tour to srilanka.
o Some time they will give like this

The X, the Y is on a two day tour to srilanka

Whats wrong with this sentence? You can remove THE at the
begining or, just put ARE in the place of IS, so that the sentence
tells about TWO different persons one is X and the second one is Y

Before the names of News Papers

o

The Indian Express

o The Hindu etc

Before the names of some countries

o

The U.S.A

o The UAE
o The Netherlands
o The Congo etc

1. Where is Railway Staf College situated ?

Answer: Baroda
2. What is the width of Broad gauge rail ?
Answer: 1.676
3. Which is the First Electric Train in India ?
Answer: Deccan Queen (Kalyan - Pune)
4. When did Life Line Express (Jeevan Rekha) Started ?
Answer: In 1991
5. Which year is declared as "Year of Rail Users" by the Indian Railways ?
Answer: 1995
6. Which is the Longest Railway Tunnel ?
Answer: Pir Panjal Railway Tunnel (Banihal railway tunnel)
7. Which is the Longest Railway platform in the World ?
Answer: Gorakhpur station platform (UP)
8. Which is the train running between India and Bangladesh ?
Answer: Maitree Express
9. Which are the states have no Railway ?
Answer: Meghalaya and Sikkim (building new railway lines)
10. Which is the Worlds oldest working steam locomotive engine (train) ?
Answer: Fairy Queen runs in India
11. What is the width of Narrow gauge rail ?
Answer: 0.762
12. Where is the Headquarters of Konkan railway ?
Answer: Bilapur
13. Which is the fastest train in India ?

Answer: Shatabdi Express

14. In which year Indian Railway board established ?
Answer: 1905
15. Which is the first Railway station in India ?
Answer: Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (Victoria terminal)
* 16. Who is the first Indian to present Railway Budget ?
Answer: John Mathai
* 17. Who is the first railway minister in India ?
Answer: John Matthai
* 18. Who is the first lady Railway minister of India ?
Answer: Mamta Benergy
* 19. Which is the highest railway station in India ?
Answer: Ghum railway station
* 20. Which is the longest Railway bridge in India ?
Answer: Vallarpadam Bridge (kerala)
* 21. What is the slogan of Indian Railway ?
Answer: lifeline of the nation
* 22. Where is the Museum of Indian Railway situated?
Answer: Chanakyapuri (New Delhi)

Seating Arrangement Introduction :

Seating Arrangement is not any new word which

directly invented / introduced for competitive exams. Its just picked up from our daily life. We follow this strategy in
formal dinners, weddings, theaters, trains etc to avoid chaos and confusion upon entrance. But in competitive exams
we should arrange given people in a specific shape. Most widely asked shapes are Circular, Octagonal, Square,
Rectangle and Two or Three parallel lines.
Generally as soon as seeing the question, people tend to draw the shape mentioned in the question. And latter put
dots or lines according to the given details. Its not good practice I must say. Because it ruins your valuable time and
often leads to extra confusion. So better use straight lines instead of circles and shapes. Drawing straight lines
instead of circles also make it easier to find who is sitting opposite to whom. Lets have a look at below diagram
for detailed understanding.
Ex : Assume that you have been asked to draw a circular seating arrangement of six people.

How to find days of any Calendar date of any year?

First know this code for 20th century 144 025 036 146 ,

easy to remember square of 12 , square of 5 , square of 6 and 146 !

In the above code each digit represents a month ...starting from right ...1 for Jan, 4 for
Feb, 4 for March...0 for April ...2 for may..5 for june...etc
Then remember another
code that is sunday =1, monday=2 , tuesday=3 etc ..till saturday = 0..

Now, let us take the example :

What day it was on 15/08/1947 ?

Follow the below given steps :

1. write last two digits of the year ................... 47

2. no. of leap years till 1947 .....(47/4 = 11 take only quotient) = 11

3. write code of the month ...august (refer code) .......= 03

4. write the day.....................................15

5. add all the four ....47 + 11 + 03 + 15 = 76

6. divide the sum always by 7 = 76/7 and take the remainder. here the remainder is 6,
now refer to the second code , 6 = friday. so, 15 /08/1947 was Friday !

with little practice you will be able to calculate in mind...as you are doing simple addition
and division!!!!!!! :)

code for 21st century : 033 614 625 035

How to write code for any century on our own?? >>

for all future centuries, codes go on subtracting 1 from previous codes...& for all past
centuries, codes go on adding 1.. so...future is -1, past is +1
NOTE: If you subtract 1 from 0 we get 6 here...it is called MOD7

you can follow the above mentioned lines strategy for all shapes either it may be square, pentagon, hexagon etc.
Now try to remember some important points :

If A is sitting immediate left of B, that means B is on immediate right of A.

To avoid confusion of left and rights in circular and other shapes' seating arrangement problems, you
should assume that all people are facing to center (unless and until they specify the direction).

Its always better idea to assume you are one among them so that it will be easier for you to get an idea of
the arrangement.

If you are unable to get the idea from a line then better skip that line and go to next line. You can revisit to
the skipped line after getting another clue.

now lets have a look at some problems on seating arrangement so that you will get the concept clear.
Note : In seating arrangement problems

1. Six persons A, B, C, D, E and F are sitting around a circular table. B is sitting to the immediate right of E.
C is not sitting next to F. F is sitting opposite to B and D is sitting opposite to E. Who is sitting to the
immediate left of D ?
Solution :

Its given that there are 6 persons sitting around the table. Six persons that means you should represent 6 points. That
means 3 lines. Draw 3 lines as shown in the below figure. Later it is given that B is sitting to the immediate right of
E. So we shall start with E. Just choose any of the end of the line and mark it as E. And B is sitting immediate right
to E. So put B at the right side of E. Now the arrangement will be look like this,

Later its given that C is not sitting next to F. We don't have any idea about this statement at present. So skip to next
statement, i.e., F is sitting opposite to B. We know where B is. So mark F to the opposite to B.
Its also given that D is sitting opposite to E. So mark D as opposite to E. Now the arrangement will look like,

So only A and C are available.... Now go to the previous statement which we have skipped. C is not sitting next to
F. With this statement its clearly known that we cant place C besides F. So we can place A there. And now there is
only one gap between D and B. We can place C there. So the final arrangement of seating will be appear like this.

Now

lets

have

look

at

another

problem.

2. Eight persons P, Q, R, S, T, U, V and W are sitting around a circular table. 'S' is to the immediate right of
W. 'V' is not next to either R or T. 'W' is to the immediate right of T, who is sitting opposite to R. U and W are
sitting
opposite
to
each
other.
Followed
by
some
questions...
Solution

Here

there

are

persons.

That

means

lines.

Given that S sat immediate right of W. So start with W. And place S immediate right to W.
'V' is not next to either R or T.. No clue about this statement. So skip it.
'W' is to the immediate right of T, who is sitting opposite to R.. We know where W is... Given that it is
immediate right of T. That means T should be immediate left of W. Now from the above statement we came to know
that T is sitting opposite to R. So place R opposite to T. Now the arrangement will appear like this...

No check the skipped statement. 'V' is not next to either R or T. That means, we cant place V neither on both
vacant sides of R nor at the single side of T. So the only vacant place remaining was opposite to S.
U and W are sitting opposite to each other. So just place U opposite to W. Now there are 2 vacancies and two
people (P and Q) are pending. There is no specific clue to find out their exact places. So there are equal chances for
them to place any of the side. Usually they leave blanks like this to make you confused. In these cases its better to
write P/Q (P or Q) at both the sides. In-fact they wont ask questions about P/Q because they left them clueless. So
finally the arrangement will appear like this.

Now

lets

have

look

1. Who is sitting opposite to 'S' ?

1. V
2. R
3. T
4. U
5. None of these

at

some

questions

based

on

above

arrangement.

2. Who is sitting two places to the right of 'W' ?

1. P
2. S
3. V
4. Can't Say
5. None of these
3. If R and V interchange their places, then who is opposite to 'T' ?
1. P
2. S
3. R
4. V
5. None of these
4. If V is to the immediate left of 'P', then who is to the immediate left of 'R' ?
1. U
2. P
3. Q
4. Can't Say
5. None of these