Professional Documents
Culture Documents
General Ecology
English
Pronunciacin
Espaol
atmosphere
atmosfer
atmsfera
balance of Nature
blans ov ncher
equilibrio de la Naturaleza
carbon dioxide
crbon dixid
dixido de carbono
CFCs
(chlorofluorocarbons)
si-ef-ss
(clorofluorocrbons)
CFCs
(qumicos destructores)
climate
climet
clima
conservation
canservishn
conservacin
destruction
destrkshn
conservacin
drought
drt
sequa
eco-system
eco-sstim
ecosistema
environment
environment
medio ambiente
famine
fmin
hambruna
flood
fld
inundacin
greenhouse effect
grnjaus ifkt
efecto invernadero
long-term effects
longtrm ifkts
langs ov de urld
ozone layer
soun lier
capa de ozono
preservation
preservishn
preservacin
sunlight
snlait
luz solar
ultraviolet radiation
ultraviolet radiishn
radiacin ultravioleta
Wildlife
English
bird sanctuary
Pronunciacin
brd sancturi
Espaol
refugio para las aves
HOW TO GO GREEN
The Guardian
You'll be surprised
how much you can
do to help.
As world leaders meet to talk about global warming, Ros Coward
offers 10 practical steps we can all take to help save the planet.
Today, world leaders are meeting in the Hague to discuss climate change and what - if
anything - can be done to combat global warming. Their discussions will be full of
abstractions about "carbon trading" and "flexible mechanisms". But for many us here,
the issue has suddenly become far from abstract. Extreme weather conditions have
brought home the fact that our climate is changing - and changing fast. It may be
easy to be fatalistic about it, but the truth is that although we humans have caused
the problem, we also have the solution. "Think global and act local," said Friends of
the Earth founder David Bower, who died last week. In many small but important ways
we can make a difference. Here are my top tips for how to begin:
2. Airmiles: no smiles
By 2020, there will be 1.56bn tourists, double the current numbers. We should think
about the impact of our own journeys. Are there alternatives to flying? Could we
manage without hiring a car? How can we conserve energy in our host country (other
than sleeping by the pool all day)? The Association of British Travel Agents found 85%
for yourself or a loved one. Green Burials offers the woodland coffin which comes flat
packed and can be assembled in 10 minutes. It is ideal for a woodland burial.
What can I do to
help the world?
1
10
GLOSSARY
turn off: put off, switch off (apaga)
whenever: at whatever time, every
time that (cada vez que)
cans: tins, sealed metal containers for
food or drink (latas)
http://www.cuentoseningles.com.ar/ecology/generalecology/savetheworld.ht
ml
Unfortunately
global warming
is well under way.
Here are some
telltale signs.
Carbon dioxide and other gases from the burning of fossil fuels collect in the
atmosphere and act like the glass walls of a greenhouse, trapping heat on the earth's
surface. Scientists predict that the planet's average temperature could rise as much
as 6.3 degrees F (3.5 degrees C) over the next century, and we are already seeing
heat waves, melting polar ice and rising seas.
Local impact remains unpredictable: some areas could suffer stronger storms and
other places severe drought. Seven environmental groups -Environmental Defense
Fund, Natural Resources Defense Council, Sierra Club, Union of Concerned Scientists,
U.S. Public Interest Research Group, World Resources Institute and World Wildlife
Fund- have put together a WORLD MAP showing "early-warning signs" of global
warming.
Reviewed by a team of scientists, the signs fall into two categories: direct
manifestations of warming, called FINGERPRINTS, and events that could become
more frequent and widespread with climate change, which are
labeled HARBINGERS. Here's an advance look at the highlights of the map:
Vanishing Animals
1 CALIFORNIA Edith's Checkerspot Butterfly has disappeared from the lower
elevations and southern limits of its range.
2 ANTARCTICA Adelie penguin populations have declined 33% in 25 years because
the sea ice where they live is shrinking.
3 CANADIAN ARCTIC Peary caribou numbers dropped from 24,000 in 1961 to as
few as 1,100 in 1997, mostly because heavy snowfalls and freezing rain covered their
food supply.
Spreading Disease
7 KENYA In 1997 hundreds of people died of malaria in highlands where the
population had not been previously exposed.
8 COLOMBIA In the Andes, mosquitoes that can carry dengue and yellow fever, once
limited to altitudes no higher than 3,300 ft. (1,000 m), appeared at altitudes of 7,200
ft. (2,195 m).
9 INDONESIA In 1997 malaria was detected for the first time as high as 6,900 ft.
(2,100 m) in Irian Jaya province.
Earlier Spring
13 ENGLAND 31% of 65 bird species studied in 1995 laid their eggs earlier than in
1971 by an average of 8.8 days.
14 ALASKA During 82 years on record, four out of the five earliest thaws on the
Tanana River have occurred in the 1990s.
15 NEW HAMPSHIRE The length of time Mirror Lake is covered with ice has declined
about a half a day per year during the past 30 years.
Heat Waves
16 TIBET In 1998 Lhasa had its warmest June on record. Temperatures exceeded 77
degrees F (25 degrees C) for 23 days.
17 CAIRO 1998 brought the warmest August since data have been kept.
Temperatures reached 105.8 degrees F (41 degrees C) on August 6.
18 NEW YORK CITY In 1999 the city had its warmest and driest July on record, with
temperatures climbing above 95 degrees F (35 degrees C) for 11 days.
Rising Seas
19 BERMUDA Saltwater inundation from the intruding ocean is killing
coastalmangrove forests.
20 HAWAII Sea-level rise at Waimea Bay, along with coastal development, has
contributed to considerable beach loss over the last 90 years.
21 FIJI The shoreline has receded half a foot (15 cm) per year for 90 years,
according to local reports.
Melting Glaciers
22 INDIA The Gangotri Glacier is retreating 98 ft. (30 m) per year.
23 RUSSIA In the Caucasus Mountains half of all glacial ice has disappeared in the
past 100 years.
24 PERU The Qori Kalis glacier in the Andes Mountains is receding about 100 ft. (30.5
m) per year, a sevenfold increase in rate since the 1960s and 1970s.
Polar Warming
25 ALASKA In Barrow the average number of snowless days in summer has
under way: in movement (en movimiento)
dumped: dropped heavily (cay
increased
from fewer
than(reveladores)
80 in the 1950s to more
than 100 in the 1990s.
telltale: revealing,
significant
copiosamente)
26
ARCTIC
OCEAN
The
area
covered
by
sea
ice
declined
about 6%
from 1978 to
trapping: confining (atrapando, aprisionando)
flooding: inundation
(inundaciones)
1995.
predict: foretell, make a prediction (predicen)
on record: as stated by statistics (de
27
ANTARCTICA
Nearly
sq. mi. (2,980 acuerdo
sq. km.)con
of las
theestadsticas)
Larson B and
melting:
changing from
solid 1,150
to
Wilkins
ice
shelves
collapsed
from
March
1998
to
March
1999.
liquid (derritiendo)
fires: process of combustion, something
unpredictable: impossible to foretell, to
burning (incendios)
predict(impredecible)
went up on flames: started
GLOSSARY
drought: a temporary shortage of
burning(comenzaron a incendiarse)
rainfall (sequa)
laid: put (pusieron)
early-warning signs: previnient or anticipatory
thaws: process of changing from ice to
message of danger (seales de advertencia)
water(heladas)
fingerprints: identifying
heat waves: a period of unusually hot
characteristics(caractersticas de identificacin)
weather (olas de calor)
widespread: widely distributed (extenderse)
mangrove forests: tropical tree
harbingers: announcements; indications of the
forests(manglares, bosques de mangles)
approach of something,
receded: moved backwards (retrocediendo)
presages (seales,indicativos)
retreating: moving
highlights: the most interesting parts (las partes
backwards (retrocediendo)
ms importantes)
sevenfold: seven times (siete veces)
shrinking: becoming less or
ice shelves: ice that is attached to land but
smaller(reducindose)
projects out to sea (estratos de hielo)
peary caribou: an arctic deer (ciervo del Artico)
SALUD
RELAX MAY SAVE YOUR LIFE
Christine Todino
The stress
of the city:
a hidden killer
Stress. In the modern world its hard to avoid it. Wherever you live, there are things
that may cause you stress. But when you live in a city, there seems to be more
stressful surroundings: crowds, pollution, noise, crime and traffic jams. All of that
can make it hard to relax.
You may not be able to get rid of the crowds, but you can reduce stress in your
life.Too much stress is actually dangerous to your health. Many serious medical
conditions are caused by too much stress. Stress can literally be a killer. Thats why
its very important to do something about the stress in your life.
According to Niall Cooper, a qualified massage therapist based in London, people who
live in cities build up a lot of stress. Theres so much to do, and everybody wants to
do it all, he says. City people are always busy and they build up tension without
knowing it. Cooper should know. He tries to undo the damage of stress every day.
Stress shows up in the body as muscular tension, he says. It usually targets the
upper back, shoulders and lower back - the areas surrounding the spine. This can
lead to severe health problems.
Cooper recommends a few simple stress-relieving stretches. Breathe deeply to get
the full relaxation benefits from these stretches. It sounds simple, but its something
many people forget. The body relaxes when you breathe out, he says.
NECK STRETCH
Lock fingers behind head. (Your neck should be in a relaxed forward
position.) The weight of your arms and hands increases the stretch. Do not
pull.
is very helpful in lowering your stress. If you find that stress is hurting your health,
see a doctor for help immediately.
Source: New English Digest
GLOSSARY
hidden killer: silent causal agent (silencioso
agente exterminador)
hard to avoid it: difficult to cope with (difcil de
evitar)
crowds: large numbers of
people(aglomeraciones, multitudes)
crime: law-breaking acts (delitos)
you may not be able: here, "may" expresses
possibility (es posible que no puedas)
to get rid of: to do away with (sacarte de
encima)
too much: excessive or
unreasonable(demasiado)
killer: causal agent resulting in death (agente
exterminador)
build up: develop (genera)
to undo: to cancel, annul, or reverse an action
or its effect (de anular)
shows up: appears, becomes visible (surge,
aparece)
as: having the condition of (como, con la forma
de)
targets: aims at (apunta a)
spine: backbone (columna vertebral)
stress-relieving stretches: exercises designed
to extend the limbs and muscles to their full
extent so as to relieve stress (estiramientos para
aliviar el estrs)
do not pull: do not apply force to move (no
hagas fuerza)
sitting on heel position: sitting on your
heels(posicin de sentado/a sobre los talones)
anger: strong emotion usually oriented toward
some real or supposed grievance (ira, rabia)
Your chances of staying healthy and living for a long time can be improved if you
read these nine steps and try to put them in practice:
2. Manage stress.
Exercise, meditate, go to counselling. Studies show those who live the longest
don't worry or obsess over negative thoughts.
5. Exercise.
Strength training three times a week will boost muscle mass and
keep bonesstrong and backs straight.
6. Take vitamins.
Both vitamins E and selenium are antioxidants that might reduce ageing
damage.
7. Quit smoking.
You know all about this problem, don't you?
9. Wear sunscreen.
After all, if you live to be 100 you don't want to look it.
Source: Think in English
GLOSSARY
healthy: free from disease, having good
health(sano/a)
to put them in practice: to translate these ideas
into action (de ponerlos en prctica)
counselling: sessions with a psychologist (sesiones
de sicologa)
emotional support: emotional help or
assistance (la ayuda emocional)
taking up: starting. accepting (asumir, comenzar)
challenges : tests of your ability (desafos)
sharp: active, alive (activas)
wlll boost: will improve, will increase (mejorar,
aumentar)
bones: rigid connective tissues that make up the
skeleton of vertebrates (huesos)
Productivity drives,
efficiency initiatives,
company cutbacks,mergers..
.
While the modern workplace is producing more for less, recent research has indicated that
increasing worker output is being accompanied by increased stress.
However, by following the simple hints and techniques mentioned below you can
effectively lower tension and find that your work life quickly improves and that you are far
better able to manage your stress. Let's see...
9. Avoid conflict.
Seek solutions and resolutions not confrontation. Be flexible and try to maintain
positive relationships with your colleagues.
10. Sleep.
Many executives believe that they only need five or six hours sleep a night. This
may be so for a lucky few but the reality is that most of us need between eight
and ten hours sleep a night.
Source: Think in English
GLOSSARY
productivity drives: (in this
context)productivity campaigns (las campaas
de productividad)
cutback: personnel reduction (reduccin de
personal)
merger: process in which two companies join
together and become one company (fusin)
output: production (produccin)
hint: piece of advice, recommendation,
tip(recomendacin, sugerencia)
items: things, articles. belongings (artculos)
whatever (you decide to do): it makes no
difference what (you decide to do)
(independientemente de lo que decidas hacer)
to prioritise: to assign a priority to (priorizar)