LEARN ENGLISH, GET THE WORLD OPENED.

Prepared by: Md. Meherab Hossen.

Cell: +8801726-072409.
E-mail/face book/Skype/twitter:
meherab2409@gmail.com

VOICE-(evP)
Definition : Kvb Sentence -G Subject wbRB mwq nq Verb Gi KvR Ki, bvwK Subject wbwq
_K Verb Gi KvR Kwiq bq, Ggb eySvbvi Rb Verb Gi h Form eeZ nq ZvK Voice ej|

Example: (i) Avwg ZvK GB Abyvb wbgb w`q wQjvg | (Active) I invited him in this programme

(2) m GB Abyvb wbgwZ wQj | ( Passive) -He was invited in this programme

Voice `yB cKvi:

1. Active voice . ( mwq evP ev KZevP)
2. Passive voice. ( wbwq evP ev KgevP)
1)

Active Voice ?

1. Definition : hLb Kvb Verb Gi KvR subject wbR mb Ki ZLb ZvK Active voice ej|
Exp: 1. Active Voice: Frank will clean the room later

2)

(dv KwU ciewZZ cwivi Kie|)

Passive Voice ?

2. Definition : hLb Kvb Verb Gi KvR Subject wbR Ki bv A_vr Object K w`q Kwiq bq ZLb ZvK Passive
Voice ej|

Exp : 1. Passive Voice : The room will be cleaned later

(KwU ciewZZ cwivi Kiv ne|)

2. Passive Voice : The examination has been finished.

3. Passive Voice : The

house

(cixv kl nqQ|)

was built in 2001. (evoxwU 2001 mvj wbgxZ nqwQj)

LECTURE ON PASSIVE VOICE

Note : g~jZ Voice gvb Passive Voice - B mean Ki| Active Voice ejZ

ev Active voice w`q

sentence Zwi Kivi gZ wKQzB bB| Active voice Gi sentence jv g~jZ Sentence, Tense ev
Modal Anxi. Verb etc w`q Sentence Zwi Kiv eySvq|

# cKZ A_ Voice gvb Passive voice hy Sentence B Mean Ki|

cixv kl nqQ | evwowU 2001 mvj wbgvb Kiv nqQ| etc
(GB aibi Sentence jvZ hLvb KZv DjL _vK bv ev _vKj I Zv Passive _vK g~jZ ;G aibi sentence K
English language -G izcvi KiZB Avgv`i Voice wkLZ nq|)
Note : Passive Sentence -G Subject DjL _vKZ I cvi, bv I _vKZ cvi \
Avevi AbK by viv subject DjL I _vK|
Exp : Rice is grown . (avb Drcb nq| )
Rice is grown by the farmer . (KlK viv Pvj Drcb nq | )

Lecture:

Sentence MVb Kivi wVK g~Z fveZ _vK GwU Active ev Passive. Active nj Zv c~e

kLv Sentence/ Tense ev Modal Structure w`q Zwi KiZ ne| Avi passive nj Zv H aibi
Sentence Gi Passive voice Structure- Abymvi Zwi ne| So , GKwU Sentence- Passive nq ZLbB,
hLb Subject DjL _vK bv ev Subject wbR mivmwi Verb Gi KvRwU Ki bv |

Example: GUv wkNB kl Kiv DwPr| (K ?- kl Kie Zv DjL (Subject) bB, ZvB GwU Passive Voice -hy
Sentence)

myZivs DjwLZ evsjv Sentence -Gi English Expression ne - It should be completed soon.

Basic Structure of Passive Voice

Object -Auxiliary Verb- Verb3 - by - subject

Example:
Active: I helped him. ( Avwg Zvi DcKvi Ki wQjvg)

Passive : He was helped by me ( m Avgvi viv DcKZ nqwQj|)

Note :

Active Voice -Gi Subject I Object Dv nq Passive Voice G h_vg Object I Subject nq hvq|

Dci DjwLZ BASIC PASSIVE STRUCTURE wU mvgvb i`e`j Ki wewfb Passive Voice Sentence MVb Kiv
nq| wb Subjective I Objective Case -Gi cwqv `qv nj|
Subjective case

Objective case

Me

We

Us

You

You

He

Him

She

Her

They

Them

It

It

Name

Name

gb ivLeb , Object exwnb Sentence Gi Passive nq bv |

Passive Voice Of Tense

Structure : Obj - A.V - V3 - by - Sub.
Example :

Act :

Tusib has finished the homework

.
.

Pas: The Homework has been finished by Tusib

NOTE : wewfb Tense -G Structure GKB , ay Auxiliary Verb -wU Tense wfwK cwieZb nq |
wb A.V Gi cwieZb cwqv I D`vnib `qv nj|

Active

Passive

1.Present Indefinite. (v )

am/ is/ are

Exp: Fred learns grammar

Exp: Grammar is learnt by Fred.

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2.Present continuous

(am/is/are+v )

am being/ is being / are being

Exp: Fred is learning grammar.

Exp: Grammar is being learnt by Fred.

3.Present perfect (have/has+v )

Have been / has been

Exp: Fred has learnt grammar.

Exp: Grammar has been learnt by Fred.

1. Past Indefinite. (V2 )

Was / were

Exp: Fred learnt grammar.(Ac)

Exp: Grammar was learnt by Fred.

2.Past continuous

Was being / were being

(Was/ Were+V4)

Exp: Grammar was being learnt by Fred.

Exp: Fred was learning grammar

3.Past perfect (had+ V3)

had been

Exp: fred had learnt grammar.

Exp. Grammar had been learnt by Fred.

1.Future indefinite (shall/ will +V1)

Shall be/ Will be

Exp : Fred will learn grammar.

Exp: Grammar will be learnt by fred

2.Future Continuous (Shall be/ Will be)

shall be being / will be being

Exp: Fred will be learning grammar.

Exp: Grammar will be being learnt by Fred.

3.Future perfect (Shall have / Will have+ V3)

shall have been / Will have been.

Exp: Fred will have learnt grammar.

Exp: Grammar will have been learnt by fred.

Note : Perfect Continuous Gi

Passive nq bv|

Passive Voice Of Modal Auxiliary Verb

g~jZ Tense hy Sentence K Passive Kivi gZ | Ze ay M.A.V Gi ci AwZwi be emvZ nq |
myZivs -

Structure : Obj- m.v - be- V3 by- Sub.

Exp: Act : You may do this

Pass : This may be done by you.

Am to, is to, are to, have to, had to etc.

Avevi due to, owing to, knowing to, like to, going to, prefer to, forward to BZvw` Verb w`q
Passive Dci DjwLZ wbqgB nq|

Exp: Act : Jack is going to publish a book.

Pas : A book is going to be published by jack.

Sub+ Modal.Aux + have +V3 hy Active Voice K passive KiZ...

Passive Structure : Obj- modal - have been- v3 ext.

Exp :

They ought to have told him

. (Act)

He ought to have been told by them. ( Pas )

Passive voice of Imperative sentence

Rule- 1: V1 w`q i Imperative sentence K Passive KiZ..

Structure : Let+ ob+ be+ V3......

Exp:

Act : Study the book

Pas : Let the book be studied.

Note : Ze Active G Do not/ Never _vKj ay Let Gi wVK ciB h_vg AwZwi not / never nq|

Exp: Act Never tell a lie

Pas: Let never a lie be told.
Rule-2 : V1 + Pronominal object hgb : me, us, yon, him, her hy Imperative sentence K
passive KiZ................

Structure : Let+ob+be+v3+for+ Pronominal Object.

Exp: Buy me a shirt.

(Act)

Let a shirt be bought for me. (Pas)

Rule-3: Let+ object hy Imperative sentence

K passive KiZ

Structure : Let+ ob+ be+ V3. + by+ Object

Exp : Let him write a letter

. (Act)

Let a letter be written by him. (Pas)

PASSIVE VOICE OF INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE

Rule-1:Auxi. Verb w`q i nIqv Interrogative

Sentence K Passive KiZ...........

Structure : A.V+obj+V3+by+sub+?
Exp : Have you eaten rice ? (Act)
Has rice been eaten by you ? (Pas)
Note: Passive KiZ A .V Gi mv_ be, being, been/ have been etc _vKj Zv object Gi ci eeZ nq|

Ges A.V- Passive voice Gi Subject I Tense Abymvi eeZ nq|

Rule-2 : Wh- Question hy sentence- K passive KiZ..

Structure :Wh-Question+ A.V+ V3+by+sub+?.

Exp: What do you want ? (Act)
What is wanted by you ? (pas)
Note: Wh-Question hy Passive Sentenc-G A.V Gi mv_ be, being, been Avmj Zv A.V Gi mv_B eeZ nq|
Wh-Question-- Passive Voice G AcwiewZZ _vK| Ze cwieZb nq `ywU| h_v :

Active

Passive

Who

by whom

Whom

Who

Example: Whom has he beaten ? (Act)

Who has been beaten by him ? (Pas)

Sub + v + obj + V4. hy Sentence K

Passive KiZ................

Structure : Obj-AV-V3-V4- by Sub

Example :
Active

Passive

1. John saw me going there .

1. I was seen going there by John

2. William likes people praising him

2. People are liked praising him by William .

PASSIVE VOICE OF QUASI (Avav wbwq) PASSIVE VERB

Quasi Passive Verb `yB cKvi :
1. With compliment (cwic~iK) 2. Without compliment

1. With complement:

Structure: Sub+A.V+V3+ Adjective

Or, Sub+ A.V+ Adjective + When + It/ They + A.V+ P.V3
2. Without complement:

Structure : Sub + A.V + being + V3

Note: Quasi Passive Verb h evK _vK Zvi Active I Passive Dfq form Gi Subject GKB _vK|

Example :
With complement

Without complement

1. Act: Rice sells cheap

Pas: Rice is sold cheap.

1. Act: The mosque is building

Pas: The mosque is being built

2. Act: Honey tastes sweet.

Pas: Honey is sweet when it is tasted

2. Act: The drums are beating.

Pas: The drums are being beaten.

3. Act: Iron feels hard

Pas :Iron is felt hard

3. Act: The cows are milking

Pas: The cows are being milked.

4. Act: The rose smells sweet.

Pas: The rose is sweet when it is smelt

4. Act: The floor is washingPas: The floor is being washed

5. Act: These books read good.

Pas: These books are read good.

5. Act: The book was printing.

Pas: The book was being printed.

PASSIVE VOICE OF DOUBLE OBJECT.

h_v wbqg passive nq| Ze `ywU object Gi ga h Kvb GKwU K subjcet KiZ ne| evKx object
^vb _vK| Ze personal object K subject KivB kq|
Exp:
Or,

Pabitro gave me a box. (Act)

A box was given me by Pabitro. (Pas)
I was given a box by Pabitro . (Pas)

PASSIVE VOICE OF REFLEXIVE ( ) VERB

Structure : Sub - A.v v3 by reflexive object
Example :
Active

Passive

1. The girl danced herself

1. The girl was danced by herself.

2. Amit helps himself .

2. Amit is helped by himself.

PASSIVE VOICE OF COMPLEX AND COMPOUND SENTENCE

Note: G Dfq Clause -Gi Passive KiZ nq | AbK mgq Introductory

It Complex sentence-

Gi Principal clause -Gi Passive Voice -G eeZ nq| But Gic Passive Voice Sentence wj Bad English
Gi chvq co |

Complex Sentence (RwUj evK )

Act: He told me that he had done the work.
Pass: I was told that the work had been done by him.
Or, That the work had been done by him was told by him.
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Note : People / They say/ believe/ think report / understand / know/ expect/ allege/
consider / acknowledge/ fire / claim etc. _vKj

It is said / believed A_ev

to be

viv

passive KiZ nq | wbPi D`vnibwU j Ki Ges Structure wU eyS bvI|

Active:
People say that the lion is the king of beast.
Passive: It is said that the lion is the king of beast .
Or, The lion is said to be the king of beast.

Compound sentence (hwMK evK)

GKwU Sentence G `ywU Finite Verb _vKj Zv Tense I Person Abymvi Passive Voice G cwieZb nq|
Example: Act : They searched the house and found two dead bodies.
Pas: The house was searched and two dead bodies were found by them.
Pas: Five men were arrested, , one fined . (Incorrect)
Five men were arrested and one was fined. (correct)

Note: Active Voice- G subject GKB, ZvB passive voice G subject ev objective form by them GKeviB

DjL nqQ| wK subject Avjv`v Avjv`v _vKj Zv hgb Active voice -G `yB evi DjL nq Zgwb passive voice
-G object nq h_vvb `yB evi ne|
Example:
Act: I asked him but he did not answer my question.
sub

obj

sub

obj

Pas: He was asked by me but my question was not answered by him .

PASSIVE VOICE OF INTRANSITIVE VERB (AKgK wqv) :

Note : Intransitive Verb -Gi object _vK bv, ZvB Passive Voice nq bv| Ze Intransitive Verb Gici

Preposition hy nq hw` Group verb MVb Ki Ges transitive verb wnme eeZ nq Ze Zvi Passive
Voice nq|m Preposition- wU Verb Gi mv_B eme|
Active

Passive

1. He looks after the orphans .

1. The orphans are looked after by him.

2. They laughed at the old man.

2. The old man was laughed at by them.

PASSIVE VOICE OF FACTITIVE OBJECT/

COMPLEMENTARY (cwic~iK) OBJECT :
Structure : Object (personal)+ A.V+V3+Factitive object+ by
+ subject .
Active

Passive

1. We made him captain

1. He was made captain by us.

2.He called it laurel.

2. It was called laurel by him.

PASSIVE VOICE OF COGNATE (mgv_K) OBJECT :

Structure: Basic Structure Abymvi|
Active

Passive

1. He ran a race.

1. A race was run by him.

2. Rahim built a building.

2. A building was built by Rahim.

PASSIVE VOICE OF INFINITIVE SENTENCE :

A. Adjective Gici Infinitive ( to ) eeZ nj Zv Active B _vK hw`I Gic Passive Voice Gi A_

cKvk cvq |
Example :

1. A rat is easy
adj

to kill . (wrong- to be eaten)

inf

2. The book is interesting to read.

adj

infi

3. Mathematics is not easy to learn .

adj

inf

4. The fact is hard to understand.

5. It is complex

adj

inf

to

adj

analysis .
inf

B. Adjective Qvov Ab me Infinitive Passive Voice G eeZ nZ cvi|

Exp:

He does not want to be disturbed. (Passive)

I dont like to be insulted. (Passive)

C. It is time/ It is high time/ it is now time Gjvi ci infinitive _vKj passive KiZ...........

Structure: It is....infinitive Gi cii object to be+ V3

Example : Act : It is time to close the door.
Pas : It is time the door to be closed
D.

It is time .............. evZxZ

Infinitive AcwiewZZ _vK ay

Principal Verb Passive nq|

Structure: Ojb3+ A.V+V3 + infinitive+ by+ Sub.

Example:
Active

Passive

1. He invited me to go there

1. I was invited to go there by him.

2.Kabita requests him to come with her .

2. He was requested to come with her by kabita

E. Sub + like/love/ want/ wish etc. + Object + Infinitive hy Active voice K Passive KiZ:

Structure: Sub-Verb-infinitive-Gi cii object+ to be-Infinitive

hy Verb-Gi V3
Example
Active

Passive

1. He wants someone to take photographs.

m Qwe Zvjvbvi Rb KvDK Pvq |

1. He wants photographs to be taken.

2. I want Rupa to write the letter.

2. I want Rupa the letter to be written.

Avwg wPwV jvLvbvi Rb icvK PvB |

F.
Advise/ beg/ order/ recommend
Urge/insist/ propose/ suggest/ advise/agree/ be determined/ be /anxious / decide/ demand etc. Gi ci Gerund / Infinite _vKj Passive KiZ..........

Structure: Subject (indirect object )-A.V-V3 of Principal

Verb-infinitive- Ext

Or,

Structure: Sub-verb that-Direct object-should be-V3 of

infinitive Verb.

Note: Advise / beg Gi ci Object + Infinite _vKj Zv ay Structure (2) Avbymvi Passive nq|
Example :
Active

Passive

1. The government urges the The people are urged not to vote the opposite party by the
people not to vote the opposite govern- ment.
Or. The government urges the people that the opposite party
party.
should not be voted .
Or, It is urged by the government not to vote the opposite party.
Or, Not to vote the opposite party is urged by the government.
2. I decided to sell the house

I decided that the house should be sold.

Or, It was decided by me to sell the house.
Or,To sell the house is dcided by me.
Or, The house should be sold was decided by me.

(mivmwi Infinitive)

G. Need, did, done, make, feel, let, know, behold, watch -cf wZ Verb jvi ci Active voice -G to
Dn _vK Ze Passive-G to em| wKQy Let Gi ci to em bv|

Example:
Active

Passive

1. He makes me laugh.

1.I am made to laugh by him.

2. I saw him go.

2. He was seen to go by me.

PASSIVE VOICE OF (CAUSATIVE- HAVE / GET)

Structure: Sub+ have (get+obje+V3)
Example :
Active
1. Jnlius had Arko wash the car.

Passive
1. Julius had the car washed.

Rywjqvm &AKvK w`q Mvwo aZ KwiqwQj |

wKQ y Transitive Verb

hgb ( Fit/have/has/ had/ hold/ lack/ suit/ resemble) K Passive nq bv| G

aibi verb -K Stative Verb ej |

Example :
Active
1. She resembles her mother.

Passive
1. She was resembled by her mother. (Wrong)

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2. The climate suits me.

2.The climate is suited by me. (Wrong)

3.They have a new car.

A car was had by him. (Wrong)

4 . He was having bath.

Bath was having by him. (Wrong)

Active Voice -G wb wjwLZ Verb hgb - believe, consider, expect, fear, feel, intend, report,
say, think, understand etc -Gi - Infinitive to have ev Prefect Infinitive A_vr to
have + V3 eenvi Ki Passive Kiv hvq|

Example:
Active

Passive

1. They considered he was a good doctor.

1. He was considered to be a good doctor

2. They believe he spent two years in Dhaka.

2. He is believed to have spent two years in Dhaka.

3.He thinks his parents died when he was 14

3. His parents are thought to have died when he was

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Kvb Kvb verb hgb - know/ satisfy / please / shock / manage/annoy/ surprise/ stun/ fee /
interest/ vex / contain etc Gi Passive form -G Object Gi c~e by Gi cwieZ to, with, at,
in, of -BZvw` Preposition em |
Active
Passive
1. I know the fact

1. The fact is known to me. (not by me)

2. The boy satisfied us

2. We were satisfied with the boy.

3. Smoke filled the room.

3. The room was filled with smoke

4. His behavior sometimes vexed me.

4. I am sometimes vexed at his behavior

5. The book has interested me greatly.

5. I was greatly interested in the book.

PASSIVE VOICE OF SOMEONE/ SOMEBODY..

Structure: Obj-A.V-V3-ext
Example:
Active

Passive

1. Someone stole my bag

1. My bag was stolen.

2 . Somebody wrote this novel in 1901.

2. This novel was written in 1901.

PASSIVE VOICE OF ONE

SHOULD

Structure: Obj-should be-v3-ext.

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Example:
Active

Passive

1. One should take care of his health.

1. Health should be taken care of.

2 . One should keep ones promise.

2.A promise should be kept.

Note :{ones _vKj A/an nq}

ALWAYS AVOID DOUBLE PASSIVE

Double Passive eKib MZ mwVK nj I Zv AbK mgq f~j evLv c`vb Ki \ ZvB eenvi bv Kiv&B& |

Example :
The

police

ordered

the -The criminal was ordered by the police to be shot. (wrong),

{Double Passive }
-It was ordered by the police that the criminal should be shot.
(Right)
-It was ordered by the police that the criminal should be shot.
(Right)

criminal to be shot.

They

proposed

to

hold

meeting.

a A meeting was proposed to be hold by them . (Wrong)

{Double Passive }
It was proposed by the them to hold a meeting. (Right)
-It was proposed by them that a meeting should be held.
(Right)

SOME PECULIARITIES IN PASSIVE VOICE

Example :
Active

Passive

1. I have lost my pen.

1. My pen has been lost.

2. Circumstances obliged me to go.

2. I was obliged to go.

ACTIVE FROM

PASSIVE

Active -K Passive Kivi wbqg fvj Ki i _vKj mnRB Active Kiv hvq| wK Kvb Passive Voice G hw` Object Dn _vK (h Object Gi Subject nIqv evbxq ) ,

m Passive Voice -wUi A_ Abymvi Dchy Subject emvZ nq|

Example:
Passive

Active

1. The thief was caught

1. The police caught the thief.

2. The tree has been uprooted.

2. A storm has uprooted the tree.

3. The ship was burnt

3. Fire burnt the ship.

4. English is spoken all over the world

4. People speak English all over the world.

5.I had been invited to the party.

5. My friend invited me to the party.

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They are gone. He is arrived. He is come. BZvw` Sentence jv Passive Voice bv |

KviY GO, ARRIVE, COME -GB Verb jv Intransitive (AKgK) Ges Gi Passive Voice nq bv| Gjv
They have gone, He has arrived . He has come. -Gi Alternative Ze - G `ywU Form Gi ga A_MZ
wKQy cv_K AvQ| He has gone . - G Sentence -G ; Time of Action ev KvRi mgqi Dci Rvi `qv nqQ| Avi
He is gone. - GB Sentence wUZ State of Agent ev Subject Dci Rvi `qv nqQ|

If proper time is gone, accomplishment can never be done.

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