LaboratoryforRepeatedMeasuresANOVA

[MynotesforCh16showhowtoanalyzeasinglefactorrepeatedmeasuresdesignusingthe
examplefromK&Wp.355.Thus,yournotesprovideaprototypefortheanalysesdiscussed
belowusingSPSS.]
1.Firstofall,letslookatthenotionoferrorinarepeatedmeasuresdesign.Asyouknow,it
istheinteractionofTreatmentandSubject.Forthedatabelow,youshouldbeabletomakea
predictionastothesizeofthetreatmenteffect,thesizeoftheindividualdifference(subject)
effect,andthesizeoftheerrorterm.Canyoutellmewhereyoudlookforeachofthose
effects?
p1
p2
p3
p4
p5
p6

a1
1
2
3
4
5
6

a2
3
4
5
6
7
8

a3
5
6
7
8
9
10

HereistheANOVAfortheabovedata.Asyoucansee,SPSSblowsup(aswouldanyself
respectingANOVAprogram)becauseitsbeingaskedtodividebyzero.Notethatyoudo
haveSSforSubjectandTreatment.CanyouarticulatethesourceofthoseSSs?

Now,letsconsidertwodifferentdatasets.Lookatthetwodatasetsbelowandpredictwhat
willchangeinanyANOVAcomputedonthedata.(Dontpeekahead!)
a1
1
2
3
4
5

a2
5
4
7
6
9

a3
3
6
5
8
7

a1
1
2
3
4
5

RMANOVALab1

a2
8
7
6
5
4

a3
5
6
7
8
9

10

RMANOVALab2

10

CanyoutellwhichoftheseANOVAsgoeswithwhichofthetwoprecedingdatasets?
NotethatthesourcetableinSPSSreportsanumberofdifferentFs,etc.ThetopmostF
representsanuncorrectedF(sphericityassumed).Thenesttworowsproducecorrected
estimatesofprobabilityusingeithertheGreenhouseGeissercorrectionortheHuynhFeldt
procedure.Whenthereisalackofsphericity,thesignificancevalueswillbehigherthanthe
uncorrectedsignificancevalue.Whenthereissphericity,thecorrectedsignificancevalues
willbesimilartotheuncorrectedsignificancevalue.Note,forexample,thatinthelower
ANOVA,youwouldhaveasignificanteffectwiththeuncorrectedsignificancevalue(Sig.
=.029)andaninsignificanteffectwiththecorrectedsignificancevalue(Sig.=.073).
2.Forthenextpartofthislaboratory,youllbeworkingwiththreedatasets.HereshowI
createdthesedatasets:
a)tomodelordereffects,p1=+0,p2=+4,p3=+8,andp4=+10(i.e.,practiceeffects)
b)tomodeltreatmenteffects,a1=+0,a2=+2,a3=+4,a4=+6(i.e.,increasingtreatment
effect)
c)tomodelindividualdifferences,s1=+10,s2=+5,s3=+8,s4=+2,etc.(i.e.,variable
effects)
d)tomodelrandomeffects,Iwentthroughandrandomlyadded+0,+1,+2,and+3toscores
Sothatyoucanseetheseeffectsseparately,Ivecreatedonedatasetwithnoindividual
differencesorrandomeffects,onedatasetwithindividualdifferencesbutnorandomeffects,
andonedatasetwithindividualdifferencesandrandomeffects.

RMANOVALab3

RMANOVALab4

a.First,computetherepeatedmeasuresANOVAonRM.Exercise.No.Ind.Diff.Canyoutell
fromtheanalysisthatnoindividualdifferencesarepresent?
SOURCE
Treatment
Error

SS

df

MS

b.NowcomputearepeatedmeasuresANOVAonRM.Exercise.Ind.Diff.Canyoutellthat
individualdifferencesarepresent?Hastheerrortermchanged?Canyouexplain?
SOURCE
Treatment
Error

SS

df

MS

c.AsK&Wpointoutinthetext,theintroductionofcounterbalancingleadstovariability
withinthedata(ultimatelyloweringtheFratiobyincreasingtheerrorterm).However,itis
possibletoestimatetheextenttowhichthereisaneffectofcounterbalancing(position)by
analyzingfortheeffectsofposition.Allthatyouneedtodoistoreenteryourdatasothat
theyarelinedupbypositionratherthanbytreatment.(Iveprovidedthepositioninformation
inRM.Exercise.Ind.Diffsothatyoudontneedtoinputthedata,butyoushouldbeabletodo
soyourselfwhenneeded.)ComputeapositioneffectANOVAonthesedata.
SOURCE
Position
Error

SS

df

MS

NotethatifyouremovetheeffectsofpositionfromyouroriginalANOVA,youllbeleft
withnoerror.Thatis,ifyousubtractedthepositioneffectfromtheoriginalerrorterm,there
wouldbenoresidualerrorvariability.ThatsbecauseIvecreatedthedatasettoincludeonly
threesourcesofvariability(a.ordereffects,b.treatmenteffects,andc.individual
differences).AsaresulttheonlySSpresentinthedataareduetoSubject,Treatment,and
Position.

RMANOVALab5

d.NowcomputetherepeatedmeasuresANOVAonRM.Exercise.All.Howdoesthis
ANOVAdifferfromthepriorANOVA?
SOURCE
Treatment
Error

SS

df

MS

e.ComputethepositioneffectsandthenremovethemfromtheerrorterminthisANOVA.
Canyouseewhatsdifferentnowthatyouveremovedthesepositioneffects?
SOURCE
Treatment
Error
Position
ResidualError

SS

df

MS

f.Comparisonsforrepeatedmeasuresdesignsarebotheasierandmoredifficult.Theyare
easierbecausetheyarealwayscomputedinthesamefashionanddontrequireadifferent
errorterm(alwaysusingtheerrortermthatsfoundinthecomparison).Theyaremore
difficultbecauseyoucantjustcomputeacriticalmeandifferenceanduseittodetect
differences.Instead,youmustcomputeaseparateANOVAforeachcomparisonofinterest.
Forthelastdataset(withrandomeffects)computeasimplecomparisonfora2vs.a4,anda3
vs.a4.
Comparison
a2vs.a4
a3vs.a4

MSComparison

MSError

FComparison

FCritical

g.Complexcomparisonsgetabittricky.Thelogicisthesameasthatforanindependent
groupsdesign.Thatis,youneedtocombineinformationbeforecomputingtheANOVA.
However,forrepeatedmeasuresdesigns,thewaythatyoucombineinformationisbytaking
means,whichinvolvesusingTransform>Compute.Computeacomplexcomparisonfor(a1
+a3)vs.a4.
Comparison
(a1+a3)vs.a4

MSComparison

MSError

RMANOVALab6

FComparison

FCritical