Lecture 2

Joachim Claesson

Agenda

Brief History of Energy Usage

Present Energy Utilisation in Sweden
in the World
The Need for Sustainable Energy Utilisation
Examples

Brief History of Energy Usage

Gatherers - Early Humans
Provided by food they could gather
Energy Usage: 2000 kCal/person and day =
= Basal Metabolism: Energy intake to keep
yourself alive.
2000 kCal = 8.2 MJ

Brief History of Energy Usage

Hunters - Gatherers
(about 1 million years ago)
Controlled use of fire
Developed hunting methods
=> Colonisation of less hospitable regions
Energy Usage: 4000 kCal/person and day
4000 kCal = 16.4 MJ

Brief History of Energy Usage

Settlers
(about 4000 BC in Middle east)
Need for more material for building houses
and running farms
Energy Usage: 50 MJ/person and day
There are people today that live at this level!

Brief History of Energy Usage

More Developed Societies
(about 1500 AD)
More specialised trades
Service sector
Use of metals and glass (energy consuming
to produce!)
Energy Usage: 90 MJ/person and day

Brief History of Energy Usage

Industrialisation
(1700-1850)
Steam engines
Factories
Energy Usage: 380 MJ/person and day

Brief History of Energy Usage

Modern Societies
(Data for Europe, USA, Canada, Australia)
Energy Usage: ? MJ/person and day

EXERCISE
In Sweden the energy usage for year 1999 was
615 TWh, what is the per capita energy use
per day in MJ if the population in Sweden is
9 million?
Hint:
1 Wh = 3600 J
1TWh=11012 Wh

EXERCISE
In Sweden the energy usage for year 1999 was 615 TWh,
what is the per capita energy use per day in MJ if the
population in Sweden is 9 million? Hint: 1 Wh = 3600 J.
Energy usage per year=
6151012 [Wh/year] 3600 [J/Wh] =
=2.214 1018 [J/year] =2.2141012 [MJ/year]
Energy usage per day=
= 2.2141012 [MJ/year]/365 [days/year] =
= 6.066109 [MJ/day]
Energy usage per capita and day=
= 6.066109 [MJ/day]/9106 [persons]=674 [MJ/capita/day]

How much energy is 1 TWh?

1 TWh is equivalent to having one (1) 60 W
light bulb running for approximately two
million years!

Do not turn
off until year
2 002 005 !

Present Energy Utilisation in Sweden

Source: Swedish
National Energy
Administration

Present Energy Utilisation in Sweden

Energy
usage

Source: Swedish
National Energy
Administration

Present Energy Utilisation in Sweden

Source: Swedish National Energy Administration

Present Energy Utilisation in Sweden

Source: Swedish
National Energy
Administration

Present Energy Utilisation in Sweden

Source: Swedish National Energy Administration

Present Energy Utilisation in Sweden

Residential energy usage

Present Energy Utilisation in Sweden

Source: Swedish
National Energy
Administration

Present Energy Utilisation in Sweden

Source: Swedish
National Energy
Administration

Present Energy Utilisation in Sweden

Source: Swedish
National Energy
Administration

Present Energy Utilisation in Sweden

Source: Swedish
National Energy
Administration

Present Energy Utilisation in Sweden

Industrial energy usage

Present Energy Utilisation in Sweden

Source: Swedish
National Energy
Administration

Present Energy Utilisation in Sweden

Source: Swedish
National Energy
Administration

Present Energy Utilisation in Sweden

Source: Swedish
National Energy
Administration

Present Energy Utilisation in Sweden

Source: Swedish National Energy Administration

Present Energy Utilisation in Sweden

Source: Swedish
National Energy
Administration

Present Energy Utilisation in Sweden

Electricity

Present Energy Utilisation in Sweden

Source: Swedish National Energy Administration

Present Energy Utilisation in Sweden

Source: Swedish National Energy Administration

Present Energy Utilisation in Sweden

Source: Swedish National Energy Administration

Present Energy Utilisation in Sweden

Source: Swedish National Energy Administration

Present Energy Utilisation in Sweden

Source:
Svenska kraftnt
Total consumption in Sweden
Total production in Sweden
Net export (-)/import
Current spot price of electricity

Source:
Svenska kraftnt

Present Energy Utilisation

in the World

Energy Utilisation in the World

Source: Swedish National Energy Administration

Energy Utilisation in the World

Source: Swedish National Energy Administration

Energy Utilisation in the World

Source: Swedish National Energy Administration

Energy Utilisation in the World

Source: Swedish National Energy Administration

Energy Utilisation in the World

Source: Swedish National Energy Administration

Energy Utilisation in the World

Source: Swedish National Energy Administration

Sustainability
What do we mean with the term Sustainable
in the context of Energy Utilisation?
How much energy do we really need to heat or
cool our houses?
Discuss in groups of 5-6 persons for 10
minutes

What do we mean with the term Sustainable

in the context of Energy Utilisation?
Secure energy for
generations to come
Decrease waste of energy
Intelligent use of energy
Minimize impact on
environment and society
Produce and use energy
without exhausting the
sources

Renewable energy sources

Restore energy sources
(biomass replanting trees)
Redistribution of energy
Human energy

How much energy do we really need

Zero
It has to do with:
-

Insulation
Direction/orientation
Climate
Design of house
Heat recovery
Thermal comfort
Behavior
Free energy from solar
Intelligent systems (timers etc)
Appliances
Size of building

Examples
Urhuset
Snow Cooling

Urhuset
House made of wood
Only a small amount of electricity used
Heated by fire wood, solar heating, and a
ground heat pump

Snow Cooling
Based on Lic.Eng. Thesis by
Kjell Skogsberg, Lule Univ. Of Technology

Next lecture
Wednesday September 6, 2006, Room M2
15.15-17.00