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Electricity
Electrostatics
Coulombs law
P3.1.2.2
Principles
According to Coulombs law, the force between two pointlike
charges Q1 and Q2 at a distance d is
F=
Q1 Q2
1
4p 0
d2
with 0 = 8.85 10 12
(I)
As
: permittivity of free space
Vm
1
, F ~ Q1 and F ~ Q2
d2
(II).
The device for measuring the force contains two parallel flection elements and four strain gauges connected in bridge
circuit. The electric resistance of the strain gauges changes
under mechanical stress. This change in resistance is proportional to the acting force, which is directly displayed by a
newtonmeter.
0909-Wie
(III)
P3.1.2.2
LD Physics Leaflets
Preliminary remark
Carrying out this experiment requires particular care because
leakage currents through the insulators may cause charge
losses and thus considerable measuring errors. Moreover,
undesirable effects of electrostatic induction may influence the
results.
Apparatus
1 set of bodies for electric charge . . . . .
1 trolley 1.85 g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 precision metal rail, 0.5 m . . . . . . . .
314 263
337 00
460 82
1 force sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 newtonmeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 multicore cable, 6-pole, 1.5 m . . . . . .
314 261
314 251
501 16
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521 721
501 05
590 13
300 11
1 electrometer amplifier . . . . . .
1 plug-in unit 230 V/12 V AC/20 W
1 STE capacitor 1 nF, 630 V . . .
1 STE capacitor 10 nF, 100 V . . .
1 voltmeter, up to U = 8 V . . . .
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f.e.
532 14
562 791
578 25
578 10
531 100
1 Faradays cup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
546 12
1 clamping plug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
590 011
1 connection rod . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
532 16
300 02
1 stand rod, 25 cm . . . . . . . . . . . . .
300 41
1 Leybold multiclamp . . . . . . . . . . . .
301 01
Setup
connection leads
The experimental setup has two parts. In Fig. 1, the setup for
charging the balls and for measuring the force is illustrated.
Fig. 2 shows the connection of the electrometer amplifier for
the charge measurement.
High voltage supply:
Put the free point of the high voltage cable (a) through the
uppermost hole of the insulated stand rod.
Arrangement of the force sensor and the balls:
Put the trolley (b) onto the precision metal rail, and attach
Safety notes
Attach the force sensor (c) to the stand material so that its
P3.1.2.2
LD Physics Leaflets
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Touch the two balls successively with the point (a) of the
high voltage cable.
P3.1.2.2
LD Physics Leaflets
U
kV
Q1
nAs
0.4
10
14
0.96
Mount the two balls again and move ball 1 back to maxi-
15
22
1.39
mum distance.
Provide for compensation of the newtonmeter again.
Charge ball 1 with U = 25 kV.
Charge ball 2 successively with 5 kV, 10 kV, 15 kV, 20 kV
and 25 kV with the balls at maximum distance, set the high
voltage back to zero each time, choose the distance d =
6 cm and measure the force F.
20
28
2.1
25
36
2.65
F
mN
Measuring example
1
is valid.
d2
F
mN
d
cm
3.41
3.6
2.73
2.95
2.40
2.49
1.94
2.11
1.33
1.56
0.95
1.36
10
0.84
0.96
15
0.41
0.42
20
0.21
0.17
25
0.11
0.12
10
r
cm
20
-2
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
|F|
mN
Q2
nAs
F
mN
0.32
10
14
0.91
15
22
1.4
20
28
2.01
25
36
2.76
0
0
200
400
600
r -2
m -2
P3.1.2.2
LD Physics Leaflets
b) Measurement with various charges Q1 and Q2:
In Fig. 6, the measuring values of Tables 2 and 3 are summarized in one graph. The measuring values lie in a good
approximation)) on a straight line through the origin. So the two
proportionalities F ~ Q1 and F ~ Q2 are verified.
F
mN
2
1
-40
Fig. 6
-20
Q
nAs
20
40
by LD DIDACTIC GmbH
F
mN
= 0.072
.
Q2
nAs
With the values Q1 = 36 nAs and d = 0.06 m the result
-1
0 = 11 10 12
-2
is obtained.
LD DIDACTIC GmbH
1 Q1
4p d2
0 =
F
Q2
As
Vm
As
Vm
Leyboldstrasse 1 D-50354 Hrth Phone (02233) 604-0 Telefax (02233) 604-222 E-mail: info@ld-didactic.de
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Technical alterations reserved