Professional Documents
Culture Documents
[]
China is in East
Asia() China
(parts of speech)
(form word)
[] work()fast(
)since()
(members of the sentence)
1)(subject) I
study English() I
2)(predicate verb) I study
English study
3)(predicative)
I am a student( ) student Our classroom is
clean() clean
4)(object) I study English
English They don't work
on Sunday() Sunday on
5)(attribute) He likes to
drink co1d milk() co1d
6) (adverbial) He works
hard() hard
[]
[]
1.(morphology)
2.(syntax)
[]
a)(simple sentence)
The people's Republic of China was founded in 1949.
b)(compound sentence)
Tom's father worked from morning till night but he got very
little money.
c)(complex sentence)
It's a long time since I saw you last.
a)(declarative sentence)
I saw him yesterday.
b)(interrogative sentence)
Did you see him yesterday??
c)(imperative sentence)
Please come in.
d)(exclamatory sentence)
What a beautiful voice she has!!
[](word order)
1)
We help each other.
2)
We go to school every day.
3)
It's fine today.
4)
I like this place.()
There are many trees in this place.(
)
5)
4
7)
I met a friend at the bus-stop.
8)
There is a map of China on the wall.
9)
They worked quickly and efficiently.
He works just as hard as everyone else although he is over
sixty.
10)
Ohit's you!!
[]
baby time
pencil socialism
air Shanghai
1)(common noun)
soldier water
5
pupil health
machine pleasure
2)(proper noun)
1)(class noun)
tractor panda
factory teacher
2)(collective noun)
class herd
crowd army
3)(material noun)
steel gram
fire cotton
4)(abstract noun)
happiness life
work whiteness
[](countable noun)(uncountable
noun)
glass
paper
tin
copper
[]
(case)
(nominative case)(objective case)
(possessive case)
()'s
John's friend
Xiao Wang's notebook
children's books
my father's room
[]
1)
the Party's concern of the younger generation
the hatred of the soldiers for the enemy
2)
the reactionary rule's overthrow
the occupation of the city by the enemy
"of+"
"of'+"
1)
a friend of my sister's (= one of my sister's friends)
a picture of Mr. Wu's ()(a
picture of Mr. Wu )
2)
this lovely child of your aunt's
1) aan
a) a an ""
""
b) a an a notebook a
cigarette an old man an English class
u [ju:][j] a an
a useful book a university h
an a an hour [ən'auə]
an honest [ən' nist] person
c) a an [E][En]
2) the
a) " " " "
""""
b)
the
c)[Ti][TE] the evening [Ti5:vniN] ()
the car [TEkB:] () u [ju:]y [j]
[əTE] the unit [TE5ju:nit] ()the yard [TEjB:d] (
)
a (an)
1)
Xiao Xu's father is a miner.()
Give me a ballpen , please.(
)
2)
A steel worker makes steel.(
)
A triangle has three angles.(
)
3)
He comes from a firm in Beijing.
A young man wants to see you.
A car stopped in front of the gate.
4)""""""
Butter is 4 yuan a kilo.
8
the
1)()()
This is the house where Lu Xun once lived.
()
The book on the desk is an English dictionary.
( book on the desk )
Cairo is the capital of Egypt.
We plan to cut the wheat in these fields in three days' time.
()
2)
Open the door, please.()
The Manager is in his office.(
)
Let's meet at the railway station.(
)
3)
Last week I read a story and a play. The story is about the
Second World War and the play about the life of university students.
[]""
A horse is a useful animal.
The horse is a useful animal.
Horses are useful animals.
6) "the" the Chinese Communist
Party the working class the bourgeoisie
the Labour Party()
7)
the poor the rich the wounded the sick the
beautiful
8) the
Shanghai is the biggest city in China.
January is the first month of the year.
The sun rises in the east.
9) the
in the morning
in the afternoon
in the evening
to go to the theatre(cinema)()()
4)
the People's Dailythe Reader's Digest the
Being Hotel
5)
The Lius have moved to Tianjin.
The Greens came to China for a visit last year.
1)
He is fond of music.
Did you like the music of the film??
Science is making rapid progress in China.
Physics is the science of matter and energy.
2)
1)
Canada Japanese love hatred glass water
2)
thisthatmyyourwhosesomeanynoeachevery
11
That is my cap.
I enjoyed every minute of it.
I want this book, not that one.
3)
Spring has come.
Winter is the best time for skating.
Her little daughter was born in April 1987. 1987 4
(letter a)
Bosses Force Deadlock on Pay Increase Talks
(bosses thedeadlock a, pay
increase talks the)
[]
(pronoun)
a)b)
5) the
otherthe othersa fewa little
1)(personal pronoun)
a)Ihesheitweyouthey.
b)mehimheritusyouthem.
2)(possessive pronoun)
a)myhisheritsouryourtheir.
b)minehishersitsoursyourstheirs.
3)
(self-pronoun)
myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvest
hemselvesoneself.
4)(reciprocal pronoun)each otherone another.
5)
(demonstrative
pronoun)
thisthatthesethosesuchsame.
6)
(interrogative
pronoun)
13
whowhomwhosewhichwhat.
7)(relative pronoun)whowhomwhosewhichthat.
8)
(indefinite
pronoun)
somesomethingsomebodysomeoneanyanythinganybodyanyone
no
nothing
nobody
no
oneeveryeverythingeverybodyeveryoneeachmuchmanylittl
e
a
little
few
a
fewotheranotherallnoneonebotheitherneither.
"'""""""""""
1)
a)
I am a cook.() We are cooks
You are a teacher.() You are teachers.
He is a barber.() The yare barbers.
She is a nurse.()The yare nurses.
It is a cart.() They are carts.
b)
It's I . Ohit's you.
[] I ()()
[] it's I (he, she ) It's me (himher
)
2)
a)
The dog bit him.
Our P. T. teacher taught us to swim yesterday.
a) we I ( our
my)
We believe that China will make still greater progress in
shipbuilding.
In our opinion this is the best film of the year.
14
b) she
That's the picture of the Dongfeng; she is a 10,000 - ton class
ocean - going freighter.
The dog waved his tail when he saw his master.
c)(child)(baby)
The child smiled when it saw its mother.
d) they "they say"
They say there's going to be another good harvest this year.
1)
I love my work in the hospital.
How many students are there in his (her) class?()
?
There are many good teachers in our school.
I saw a film lasts saturday. Its title was Guerrillas on the
Plains.
2)
a)
Our room is on the first floor, and theirs is on the second
c)
Whose pencil is this?It is hers.?
--
These tools are ours.
[]"of+" 2.12 "of+"
a friend of mine (
())
this lovely child of yours ()
15
()(
)
1)
Please help yourself to some lea.( help )
The girl is too young to look after herself.
( look after )
He was always ready to help others; he never thought of himself
( thought of )
2) "
"""
You yourself said so.
The desk itself is not so heavy.
I fixed the window myself.
1)
Do you often see one another??
New and old students learn from each other..
John and Tom helped each other.
2)
We are interested in one another's work.
The students corrected each other's mistakes in their homework.
""""""""
this that these those it
Such same
thisthesethatthose
thisthesethatthose
This is a plane()
Ohit's not that.()
How do you like these??()
16
Such
2)
Such were his words.()
The same can be said of the Other article.
()
Take from the drawer such as you need.
()
His name and mine are the same.()
[] same the
" who()whom()whose()
what() which()
)
Do you know what his name is??( what
)
[] what ()
(
4.18)
whowhosewhomthatwhich
()
The man who is talking with Mr. Brown is an eye Specialist
( who
man)
He is the comrade whom you have been looking for
( whom comradewhom
)
The old man whose son is in the navy used to be carpenter.
( whose man)
The film which I saw last night is about a young teacher.
( which
film, which )
This is the plane that will fly to Tokyo in the afternoon.
19
( that plane)
()
some ()
somebody
someone
something
any ()
anybody
anyone
anything
no ()
nobody
no one
nothing
all
both
neither ()
none ()
either ()
each
every
everybody
everyone
everything
other (s)()
another
much ()
many ()
few ()
a few ()
little ()
a little ()
one ()
1)
Both of them are waiters.
20
Is everybody here??
2)
I know little about the novel
I am speaking for myselfnot for others.
3)
That's all for today. class is dismissed.
This book is too much for me.
4)
Study well and make progress every day.
He has some English books.
china will become a powerful modern country in another twenty
years.
[]
Wang and Li both made good progress.(
)
They all went to the Zoo.()
Are you any good at mathematics??()
The meeting lasted some two hours.()
someanynoevery -body-one-thing
1)
a) somebody someone
something
b) anybody anyone
anything
c) nobody no one
nothing [5nQWiN]
d)everybodyeveryone
everything
2)
a)
Everything is made of elements.()
I have got nothing to say.()
something anything some any
21
1)""""(numeral)
2)
100
1 one[wQn] 11 eleven[i5levn]
2 two[tu:] 12 twelve[twelv]
3 three[Wri:] 13 thirteen [5We:5ti:n]
4 four[fC:] 14 fourteen
5 five [faiv] 15 fifteen [5fif5ti:n]
6 six[siks] 16 sixteen
7 seven [5sevn] 17 seventeen
8 eight [eit] 18 eighteen[5ei5ti:n]
9 nine[nain] 19 nineteen
10 ten[ten] 20 twenty [5twenti]
21 twenty-one [5twenti5wQn] 60 sixty
30 thirty [5WE:ti] 70 seventy
40 forty [5fC:ti] 80 eighty
50 fifty[5fifti] 90 ninety
1)13-19 -teen[5ti:n]
22
thirteenfifteeneighteen
2) 20-90 -ty[ti]
3)"-"twenty-one()fiftyfive()ninety-nine()
100
100 hundred [5hQndrid]
1,000 thousand [5WauzEnd]
1,000,000 million [5niljEn]
100,000,000 hundred million
1,000 million (=billion)
499 four hundred and ninety-nine(101-999 )
3,876 three thousand eight hundred and seventy-six (1001-9999
)
57,453 fifty-seven thousand four hundred and fifty-three(1000199999))
768, 921 seven hundred sixty-eight thousand nine hundred and
twenty-one
8,641, 457 eight million six hundred forty-one thousand four
hundred and fifty-seven
50, 000, 000 fifty million
500, 000, 000 five hundred million
5, 000, 000, 000 five thousand million( five billion)
50, 000, 000, 000 fifty thousand million ( fifty billion)
1)
Two plus nine is eleven.
Four times six is twenty-four.
Three of them went to college last year.
()hundred()thousand() million()
( of )
Our country has a population of l,200 million people.
199
first [fE:st] lst
second [5sekEnd] 2nd
third [We:d] 3rd
fouth [fC:W] 4th
fifth[fifW] 5th
sixth[siksW] 6th
seventh[5sevenW] 7th
eighth[eitW] 8th
ninth[nainW] 9th
tenth[tenW] 10th
eleventh 11th
twelfth[twelfW] 12th
thirteenth 13th
nineteenth 19th
twentieth [5twentiiW] 20th
fortieth 40th
fifty-first 51st
sixty-second 62nd
eighty-third 83rd
24
ninety-fourth 94th
1) 1-19 (first)(second)(third)
-th [W]
2) -th
fiftheighthninthtwelfth
3) -ty
y i-eth [iW]
4)""
twenty-one twenty-first
5)
1st2nd3rd4th31st82nd93rd94th
1)
The first is better than the second.
2)
He was among the first to arrive.
3)
China exploded its first atom bomb in October 1964. 1964
10
His father died in the Second World War.
4)
Jack is always the first to get to the office in the morning.
[] the
1)(fraction)
12 one half [hB:f] 13 one-third 23 two-thirds
14 one-fourth one quarter [5kwC:tE] 34 three-fourths
three quarters 2 3/5 two and three-fifths.
2)(decimal)
0.5 zero [5ziErEu] point five 1.25 one point two five 3.458
three point four five eight.
[]
1) in
25
1) at
We get up at six ( at six o'clock).
They begin work at eight.
2)""
a)"" past(
)
eleven past seven
a quarter past eight
half past nine
b)"" to(
)
two to seven
a quarter to eight
26
eighteen to nine
[]
(adjective)
a lovely baby
the beautiful picture
modern history
1)
He is a good boy.
The Chinese Communist Party is a great party.
2)
The film is both moving and instructive.
27
(
16.18)
*
(degrees of comparison)
(comparative degree) (superlative degree)
(positive degree)" +
-er "" more + "" + -est
"" most +
[] -er -est[E]
[ist]o
tall [tC:l] taller[5tC:lE] tallest[5tC:list]
happy [5hApi] happier[5hApiE] happiest[5hApiist]
thin [Win] thinner [5WinE] thinnest [5Winist]
fine [fain] finer [5fainE] finest [5fainist]
[] r-er -est r
[r]
near [niE] nearer [5niErE] nearest[5niErist]
clear [kliE] clearer[5kliErE] clearest [5kiErist]
[N]-er -est [N]
[g]
strong [strCN] stronger [5strCNgE] strongest [5strCNgist]
long [lCN] longer [5lCNgE] longest [5lCNgist]
[]
right, wrongwoolenwooden.
28
good
we11 better best
bad worse worst
many more most
much
little 1ess 1east
far fartherfurther farthestfurthest
1ess least""""
interesting difficult
less interesting less difficult
least interesting leas difficult
+
than
Li is older than Zhou. ( is old)
There are more children in this nursey than in that one.
( there are children)
After two years' physical training she is healthier and
stronger.
()(
than she was)
We are much better off than ever before.
(than we were)
Paul weighs less than harry.
Mary is less clever than Jane.
[] "" that
The climate of Kunming is better than that of Lanzhou.
[]""""""
"""still""even"
This book is even more difficult than that one.
[]""
Will the younger people give their seats to old people?
?
the+
++
Peter is the oldest boy of them all.
29
( of them all )
London is the biggest city in Britain(
in Britain )
Mt. Qomolangma is the World's highest peak
( the world's)
This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.
(that that )
[]
This novel is the best (that) I have ever read.
[]
This is the shortest of the two roads.
[] theHe
is happiest when he is working.
[]
(adverb)
often here very quickly
1)()
30
1)
2)
It is a rather difficult job(rather
difficult)
He runs very fast.(very fast)
3)
The peasants there are busy digging a canal now.
-1y
( early -1y ) more most
wellbadly
hard harderhardest
fast faster fastest
well better best
31
badly worseworst
early earlier earliest
quickly more quicklymost quickly
happily more happily most happily
1)
David drives faster than anyone I know.
2) the ( the )
[]olderoldest
""
twice ()three times() as...as..
[]
I couldn't move a step further
The meeting lasted two hours longer than usual.
""""
There are more than three hundred households in this village.
1)(verb)
a)swim push
b)have be
2)
(finite verb)
(nonfinite verb)
1)
He is a tractor driver.
Facts are more eloquent than words.
We have friends all over the world.
An apple falls by the force of gravitation.
2)
Keep quietplease!!
36
[]
4) shallwillhavebeshouldwonld do
1)
(transitive verb)
I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.
3)
a)
Shall I begin at once??(begin )
She began working as a librarian after she left school.
37
(began )
When did they leave Chicago?(leave
)
They left last week. (left )
b)
Wash your hands before meals.
Does this cloth wash well? ?
4)
a)
arrive agree 1isten
We arrived at the railway station at noon.
(at )(We reached the railway station at noon.)
Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.
(to )(We all heard the lecture.)
Do they agree to the plan??(to )
b)
serve
Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.
(phrasal verb)
1) +
The small boy insisted on going with his parents.
[]
He took off his hat when he entered the office.
()
The plane took off at seven sharp.
()
Charlie rang up Neil to ask about the time of the meeting.
()
If you can't comeplease ring up and let us know.
()
3) + + " + "
work worked worked working
write wrote written writing
have had had having
do did done doing
2)
behavedoworkstudy
3)
(regular verb)-ed
[]
-ed
5traveltraveled 5level1evelled
5totaltotaled 5model modelled
travel-traveled
(irregular verb)
4) -ing
a) -ing
go-going stand-standing
askasking answer - answering
studystudying be-being
see-seeing
[] -s(-es)
" + y" y -ing studying
[5stQdiiN]fly - flying [5flaiiN]carry-carrying [5kAriiN]
[] r -ingr
enter [5entE] entering [5entEriN]
answer [5B:nsE]answering[5B:nsEriN]
wear [wZE] wearing [5wZeriN]
b) e e-ing
40
come-coming write-writing
taketaking become-becoming
c)
-ing
Sitsitting run-running
Stop-stopping begin-beginning
admit-admitting forgetforgetting
[] sendthinkaccept
-ing
sendingthinkingaccepting
[]
-ing
5travel-traveling 5level-levelling
5total-totaling 5model-modelling
traveltraveling
d)-ie ie y ing
die-dying tie-tying
lie-lying
[]-c -c ck,
-ed -ing
picnic picnicked picnicking
traffic trafficked trafficking
[]
l) every
day twice a week( ) often ( ) usually( )
always()seldom()sometimes()
She is our English teacher.
He takes a walk after supper every day.
The children go to school at seven every morning.
2)
He workshard.()
Does she like sports??(?)
The children draw well.()
3)
The sun rises in the east.
Two plus two makes four.
Knowledge is power
41
l)
When they leave school, they will go to work in Tibet.
2)(
gocomeleavestart )
The train starts at ten o'clock in the morning.
4)
[]
5)
()
What time is it now? ?
The patient is much better now.
What is Shanghai like now? ?
l) be
2) be was were
3) have had
4)
l) yesterdaytwodays agolast
weekin l958 when
We had a good swim last Sunday.
She suddenly fell ill yesterday.
2)
He got up early in the morning fetched water swept the yard
and then went out to work.
3)
When my brother was a teenager he played table tennis almost
everyday.
[] would
used to
When he was a child he would go skating every winter.
) will()+
will
1)
tomorrow( ) next week( ) from now on( ) in a
month()in the future()
My daughter will be twelve years old tomorrow.
2)
We shall work in this factory everyday.
should() would()
would
[] 8.16
[]
(continuous tense)
be
1)
He sings well.
He is singing a folk song.
[]
"know"()
be()have()1ove ()hate()
45
1)()
"()"""
2)
He is working on a paper.
They are compiling a dictionary.
3)""""(
gocomestay1eavestart )
He is corning to see you tomorrow.
They are going to the Ming tombs this coming Sunday.
What are you doing next Sunday? I'm going on a picnic with my
wife and daughter.?
was() were ()
46
1) gocomestartstayleave
2) go
( 8.24 3)
They said they were going to set up a nursery.
She said the foreign guests were going to visit the Shanghai in
dustrial Exhibition.
The monitor announced that our new teacher was going to speak to
us.
3)
It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was
falling heavily. A young woman suddenly appeared on the riverbank.
it was Xier. She had just escaped from Huang Shiren's house.
1) be shall be()
will be() will
2)
a)
This time tomorrow I shall be flying to Guangzhou.
b)
He said he could not come because he would be haying a meeting.
[]
48
b)
He said he could not come because he would be haying a meeting.
1)
He sings well.
He is singing a folk song.
[]
"know"()
be()have()1ove ()hate()
want( ) 1ike( ) think( ) believe( ) see( )
hear()
1)()
"()"""
49
2)
He is working on a paper.
They are compiling a dictionary.
3)""""(
gocomestay1eavestart )
He is corning to see you tomorrow.
They are going to the Ming tombs this coming Sunday.
What are you doing next Sunday? I'm going on a picnic with my
wife and daughter.?
was() were ()
1) gocomestartstayleave
50
2) go
( 8.24 3)
They said they were going to set up a nursery.
She said the foreign guests were going to visit the Shanghai in
dustrial Exhibition.
The monitor announced that our new teacher was going to speak to
us.
3)
It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was
falling heavily. A young woman suddenly appeared on the riverbank.
it was Xier. She had just escaped from Huang Shiren's house.
51
b)
He said he could not come because he would be haying a meeting.
1)
He sings well.
He is singing a folk song.
[]
"know"()
be()have()1ove ()hate()
want( ) 1ike( ) think( ) believe( ) see( )
hear()
1)()
"()"""
2)
He is working on a paper.
They are compiling a dictionary.
3)""""(
gocomestay1eavestart )
He is corning to see you tomorrow.
They are going to the Ming tombs this coming Sunday.
52
What are you doing next Sunday? I'm going on a picnic with my
wife and daughter.?
was() were ()
1) gocomestartstayleave
2) go
( 8.24 3)
They said they were going to set up a nursery.
She said the foreign guests were going to visit the Shanghai in
dustrial Exhibition.
53
The monitor announced that our new teacher was going to speak to
us.
3)
It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was
falling heavily. A young woman suddenly appeared on the riverbank.
it was Xier. She had just escaped from Huang Shiren's house.
1) be shall be()
will be() will
2)
a)
This time tomorrow I shall be flying to Guangzhou.
b)
He said he could not come because he would be haying a meeting.
[]
have (has) +
1)""""
1)
since for (for
)
How long have you been in Beijing ? I have been in Beijing for
four years.?--
Isaac's father has been a school teacher since 1968.
Perhaps I'll know more English after I have learnt it for two
years.
1)
yesterday1asr monththree years agoin l960
just before
He has just come.
We have seen the movie before
2)
alreadynevereveralwaysyetnot...yetoften
Have you ever been in a plane? ?
The new books have not arrived yet.
The Xisha lslands have always been Chinese territory.
wherewhyhow
when
(when )
Where have you been? ?( Where did you
go?)
Why have you turned off the radio? ?(
57
1)
bybefore
By the end of last week we had learned ten lessons.
I gave my little sister the flowers that I had bought for her.
By the I read his new book I had known him for a long time.
58
The children will have gone to sleep by the time We get home.
He said he would have paid me back the money by the end of the
week.
We told him that we should have returned to the camp by four
o'clock.
I hoped she would have finished the work before I got back.
1)
1)
Now we have cleaned the roomwe can move the things in.
()You look so tired. What
have you been doing? ?()
(past perfect continuous tense)
1) had been +
2)
[]""
()
(sequence of tenses)
1)
2)
They did not know when they would go to the Great Wall.
[]
1)
The teacher told the pupils that the earth is round.
The teacher told his pupi1s that the Chinese Communist Party was
founded in Shanghai in l921.
OO
[]
1) (auxiliary
verb)
shallwillshouldwouldbehavedo
be bebe
1)be
The driver is cleaning the car.
Yesterday afternoon we were discussing a new plan.
62
3)be
a)
The delegation is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
shall Will
shall ( will
)shall
I shall think it over.
Don't worry. We shall tell you all about it.
will will
should would
should shall
( would)should
We were told that we should sight the Treasure lsland that
night.
would will
would
He said that he would always remember that day.
64
[]
1)(modal verb)
2)
3)(ought ) shallwillshouldwould
1)
I can We can
You can You can
He
They can
She can
It
2)
a)
may -- would
can could
may night
shall -- should
have to -- had to
b)
must - must ( had to)
ought to - ought to
need---need
dare - dare( dared)
3)
can(maymust)be doingcan(maymust) have donecan(maymust)be
done
not
()
shall not--shan't [FB:nt]
will not---won't [wEunt]
can not-can't [kB:nt]
must not-mustn't [5mQsnt]
should not-- shouldn't
65
[] could can
could you wait half an hour??
could you please ring up again at six? ?
could we visit a kindergarten? I've been wanting to see one ever
since I came to China.?
can
can can could
() be able
[] could "
"
You could have done the work better.(
)
You could have got the early train.(
)
[]--must
must
must
must """"
I must leave at 9:00
Soldiers must obey orders.
You must get to the stallion before three o'clock.
68
[] have to ()
I am afraid You will have to wait a while.
At every step I had to pull my legs out of the snow.
must
may """"
He must be in the library now.
The old man must be over seventy now.
She must know how to do farm work.
You ate very little at breakfast today. You must be hungry now.
[] must
""""
She must be working on the experimental plot.
must
""""
I mailed the letter two weeks ago. She must have received it.
[]night may
You might shut the windows. The wind is blowing so hard outside.
may (might)
"" may might
might ()
Nick may (might) have gone to the library.
Our manager may (might) have gone to Harbin last weekend.
I had to leave the party early last night. I wasn't very well.
should """"
They should be here by now.
The reference book should be in the reading-room.
should
Why should I go? ?()
I am sorry that he Should be so obstinate.
()
71
.
You should have stopped at in red light.
You Should not have gone back to work without the doctor's
permission.
He Should have come earlier.
[]--will
Will
Will
""""""""
I will try.
I will do my best.
We will never do it again.
Which will you fake??
Who will go with me? ?
will
You will remember the story I told you the other day.
[]will
Water will boil at 100 degrees Centigrade. 100
Boys will be boys.
72
[]--would
Would
will """" "
"
He declared that he would do everything to help us.
All in e doctors and nurses told Dr. Bethune not to give his own
blood to the wounded, but he wouldn't listen.
would
would will
Would
I found that retired persons would often go to the park to play
chess.
When he had a problem to solve he would work at it until he
found an answer.
[]--ought
ought
ought to Ought "
""".
You ought to follow the old man's advice.
You oughtn't to smoke so much.
You ought to go to the clinic at once. You don't look well.
73
[]--dare
dare ()
dare
dare to
They dare not tell the truth.
Dare he admit his mistake? ?
He dared say no more
dare to
Young people should dare to think dare to speak and dare to
act.
[]dare do
to
Do they dare to do it? ?
The enemy did not dare to come out after dark.
[]
I didn't dale come.
Who dares stop me? ?
[]--need
need()
dare
to
to-s
medical care.
You need not write down your translation. You may do it orally.
[] dare need
to do to
Do they need to take any tools with them? No., they don't need
to.? --
He did not need to go there early that day.
need
""""
I need a dictionary.
You need a hair-cut.
Do you need a fountain-pen? ?
I don't need a new jacket.
Mary looks triedshe needs a rest.
Needn't ( to)
[]
1)(mood)
2)
a)(indicative mood)
There are two sides to every question.
Jinzhou is famous for its apples.
Comrade Zhang Side had a deep love for the Party.
b)(imperative mood)
Bring along your exercise books tomorrow.
Make yourself at home.
Don't move! !
Don't be late.
Be quiet! !
c) (subjunctive mood)
[] A
1)()
2)(be were)
3) had + ()
4) should + ()
5) should have + ()
6) should ()Would() +
7) should()Would() + have +
[]
76
1)
If I Were you I should go and see the dentist at once.
If She knew German She would read Marx and Engels in the
original
He would tell me if he knew but he does not know anything
about it.
2)
If I had known of your arrival I should have met you at the
station.
If you had come a few minutes earlieryou would have met him.
If the child had fallen through the ice, he would have drowned.
3)
[] B
if
werehad should
werehad should
Should he cometell him to ring me up.
[]
without contradiction nothing would exist.
We could not have done the work well without your help.
[] C
()
couldmightwou1d to to
[] D
()
If you hadn't helped meI couldn't have finished it on time and
most likely I would be still working now.
(
)
1)
That would be fine.( if you should do it
)
You might stay here forever.( if you
wanted )
I would not have done it.( if were you
)
[]
Who would have thought of it ? ?
2)()
If he were here!!
If I had never married.
if only
If only I could help you! !
If only I were ten years younger!!
If you would only try harder!(only
would )
[] if only
If only I had known earlierI'd have sent you a telegram.
79
[] F
It is natural(necessarystrangeimportant) that...
that should
It is quite natural that he should think so.
It is strange that he Should have gone away without telling us.
1) wish ( that)
()
()
I wish I were a pilot.
I wish I knew how to operate the machine.
! (= I'm sorry I don't know.)
I wish he hadn't gone. !(= I'm sorry he has
gone.)
We wish you had come to our New Year's party.
(= but you did not)
wish
2) demand()suggest()order ()insist()
propose() should()
Most students insist that they should have more English classes.
[] should(
) holddiscuss have should holdshould
discuss should have
I suggest that we make a new expertinent.
I propose that the matter be put the vote at once.
as if as though
(be were) had +
as if
It looks as if it might rain
[] lest in case
15.33 15.30
It is time (that)
""
It is time we left.
It is time we went to bed.
It is time we summed up our results.
2)May ()
May good luck be yours.
May you be happy.
May you do even better! !
[] A
1)(verbal)
2)
a)
b)
He likes to sing
like
likes like sing
be
was were. walking
3)
a)
(a)
(b)
(c)
b)
He promised to do it tonight.( to do
" tonight
promised )
82
1)(infinitive)
to
2)
a)
He wants to study Japanese.( to study
Japanese)
b)
The rain continued to fall heavily.( to
fall heavily)
to study
Japanese to fall heavily
3)
1)
To lean out of the window is dangerous.
To talk with him is a great pleasure.
To die for the people is a glorious death!
83
"
It is a great pleasure to talk with him.
It is a glorious death to die for the people.
"It is++"
It is necessary to make a plan for this course of study.
3) want()
wish( ) like( ) decide( ) help( ) pledge( )
begin()forget()learn()ask()
ready()eager()anxious()
able( ) sure( ) glad( ) sorry( )
afraid()free()pleased()determined()willing(
)
He is sure to succeed.
How do you do? I'm glad to meet you. ?
The boys and girls are anxious to learn how to skate.
4)
He is always the first one to get up.
I have a few words to say on this question
84
[] to begin with()
to conclude()to be sure()to tell you the truth(
)
b)
My grandmother lived to see the birth of my little daughter.
A few years later he came home to find that his hometown had
greatly changed.
[] too...to()""
He is too young to join the army.
It was too coldto go out last night.
[] only
I went to see him only to find him out.
I hurried to the post officeonly to find it was closed.
[] C
get()ask()order()persuade()advise()
85
like()want()tell()know()help()call on(
)
He got someone to repair the door.
I persuaded my brother to change his mind.
The doctor advised him to take a good rest.
too
make()let()see()
watch()hear()have()feel() help
to
Make the past serve the present and foreign things serve China.
He let me go home.
We must have someone repair the refrigerator.
to not
He decided not to go home.
The teacher warned the pupils not to go skating on thin ice.
86
1)
For us to learn foreign languages is important.
"for + () + "
It is important for us to learn foreign languages.
It is necessary for us to learn from each other.
2)
It is for you to decide.
3)
Can you arrange for a car to take us there?
?
4)
There is a lo to work for us to do.
5)
The policeman blew his whistle for the carts to stop.
()
[] E
1)
I saw him go out.(saw go out )
Would you help me put things in order before we leave?
?(would help put )
2)
write
to write to be writing
to have written
He see ms to be recovering.
When he came inI happened to be lying on the bedreading.
[] E
to be written
to have been written
"to"
(split infinitive)
1)(gerund)-ing
2)
88
a)
I have finished repairing that machine.
b)
They have started working in the apple-orchard.
1)
Seeing is believing.
Reading aloud is very important in learning English.
3)
a) beginstartstopfinishlike
please stop talking.
You must practise reading English aloud.
b)
My sister is fond of reading novels.
We're tired of having the same kind of food everyday.
89
not
Trying without success is better than not trying at all.
1)
writing
having written
2)
being written
having been written
The meeting was put off without his having been consulted.
(
)()
1)
91
6)
begin( ) start( ) continue( ) like( )
hate()prefer()
When did you begin learning (to learn) typewriting?
?
They continued working (to work) after the meal.
(
)(verbal noun)
a reading-room
drinking water
a writing course
a sleeping car ()
the getting-up bell
93
[] H
1)(participle)
2)()
-ing
-ed
1)
surprising ()
surprised ()
an exciting story ()
excited spectators ()
a moving film
A moved audience
A tiring journey
A tired football player
He told us many interesting things last night.
fallen leaves
the exploded bomb
a retired miner
returned students
2)
developed countries
[] I
1)
I'm reading a very interesting book.
He likes to drink cold boiled water.
Lei Feng's spirit is inspiring the people all over the country.
()
His report is inspiring. ()
The road was completed by the PLA men.
()
The road is completed.()
3)
a)()
Looking out of the window I saw groups of children passing by
the house.(= When I
locked out of the window)
Heatedthe metal expands. (= When it is
healed)
Opening the drawer he took out a dictionary.
(= He opened the drawer and took...)
[]
95
when while
While working in the factory (= While I was working in the
factory)I learnt a lot from the workers.
not
Not knowing what to doshe went to the teacher for help.
un-
The boy was left uncared for.
seewatchhearsetkeepfindhaveget
We saw them walking across the road.
We heard the children singing "I Love Beijing's Tian An Men"
have get
1)
writing
having written
2)
97
(working leamt )
Knowing that they were going abroad next week they began to
make preparations.
(knowing began )
He came up to mesaying"Glad to see you again."
""(saying came )
3)
being written
haring been written
(absolute construction)
The young woman standing over there is our new English teacher.
( standing over there
the young woman)
Having finished his workhe went out to play volleyball.
(having finished his work he)
()
Judging from what you sayhe has done a very good job.
[]"with + + (
)"
He fell asleep with the lamp burning.
She gazed with her hands clasped to her breast.*
99