Bio-Jet Fuels: A step

Towards Green Aviation

Anand Kumar
Director (R&D)
Indian Oil Corporation Limited
DSDS 2010

Global Jet Fuel Demand (2008-2030)

(million barrels per day)
Region
North America
Latin America
Europe
CIS
Asia-Pacific
Middle east
Africa
TOTAL

2008
1.68
0.27
1.24
0.29
1.24
0.25
0.20
5.18

2009
1.56
0.27
1.18
0.27
1.21
0.24
0.20
4.93

2010
1.58
0.28
1.20
0.28
1.30
0.25
0.20
5.08

2015
1.65
0.32
1.30
0.32
1.53
0.31
0.23
5.66

2020
1.72
0.37
1.37
0.34
1.81
0.35
0.26
6.23

2025
1.78
0.42
1.42
0.36
2.11
0.37
0.29
6.74

2030
1.85
0.46
1.44
0.37
2.42
0.38
0.30
7.23

Source: HART 2009-10 report

INDIA Jet Fuel Demand (2010-2030)

(MMT)

BAU
HOG

2003-4
2.5

2011-12 2016-17
3.6
4.1
3.9
4.9

2020
4.7
5.7

2030
6.9
10.1

CAGR of 4 to 5.5% from 2003 to 2030

Jet fuel demand in India to grow under both BAU
and HOG scenarios
Per capita consumption to go up from 2.4 Kg in
2003-04 to 7.1 Kg in 2030.

BAU = Business As Usual ; HOG = High Output Growth (Source: IRADe/PwC Analysis)

Aviation Fuels: Demand

Scenario
z
z

z
z
z
z

Jet fuel projected to grow at 1.5 %

annually
Asia Pacific leads the growth (3.2% from
2010 thru 2030)

India : CAGR of 4 to 5.5% upto 2030

Average jet fuel prices of 2000-2008 were

$ 62.3 /barrel
Peaked in July 2008 to $167 / barrel
Bio-jet fuels likely to cost $ 80/barrel by
2030( Present Cost: 250-230 $/bbl
Source: HART 2009-10 report / IEA

Aviation Fuels : Emissions

z

Present GHG Emissions:

Transportation: 22 % of Global emission

Aviation:
12 % of Transportation
2% of Global GHG

With BAU, it share of Emission from

Aviation, shall be 1/5 th of the
Global GHG Emission, by 2050
Data from IEA

Aviation Fuels :Emission-Way Forward

z

Greener Sky Thinking : An EU

Report recommends:
zA
wide
scale
Deployment
of
Sustainable Bio-Jet Fuel to meet 2050
emission targets
z Set
Achievable and Enforceable
target for using bio-jet Fuel
z
z

2020: 20%
2050: 80%

z Reduce
z
z

Emissions:

2020: 30% (Base 1990)

2050: 60%

Data from IEA

Life Cycle GHG Emissions

z
z

Aviation
fuels
contribute
significantly to GHG emissions
Bio-jet
fuels
can
make
large
reductions
in
life
cycle
GHG
emissions
Improvements in each Constituent
of Aviation Cluster: Fuel Quality, Jet
engine
efficiency,
Airport
Management, Tribology etc

Technology options For

Bio-jet Fuels

Technology options For

Bio-jet Fuels
z
z
z

Hydro-treatment of vegetable oils to

deoxygenate
Isomerisation
to
impart
low
temperature properties
Biomass to bio-oil by pyrolysis
followed by up-gradation by hydrotreatment
Hydro treated renewable jet fuel
(HRJ fuels ) used for all test flights

Bio-Tech Options: Why ?

z

EU Jet Fuel Consumption:

2009: 50 mtpa
2050: 80 mtpa
An Area of 24,850 SQ KM, slightly
larger than Wales, needed to meet
this demand of bio-jet fuel of EU
alone,
LCA for Sustainability of Feedstock
& Technologies / methods

Bio-Tech Options: Algal Advantage

z
z
z
z
z

Algae, a good source for production

of bio-jet fuels
Extremely large mitigation of carbon
dioxide
Large yield, per SQF, may make this
economical and sustainable,
Improved strains under production
Large funding committed

Key Challenges
Thermal Stability fuel system
component coking
Storage Stability biological growth
Low temperature performance
Combustion properties
Material compatibility fuel system
and hot section
Trace contaminants (metals,
micronutrients)
Low Density aircraft range

Collaborative R&D on Bio-jet Fuels

z
z

z
z

Indo-Canada Science & Tech Programme

Canadian Team : Pratt & Whitney,
Universities
of
Laval,
Queens,
and
Ryerson,
Indian Team : IndianOil, HPCL, IIP, IISc,
Bangalore, IIT(K), Infotech
Full value chain from production to fuel
blending, testing in aero-engines, and field
trials
A three year mission oriented approach

Thank You
If we miss now,
there is
no Plan B For Saving
The Planet