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TREATMENT
Aortic insufficiency
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Drug therapy
Anticoagulant: warfarin (Coumadin) to
prevent thrombus formation around diseased
or replaced valves
Mitral insufficiency
Cardiac catheterization shows mitral
insufficiency and elevated atrial pressure and
PAWP.
Echocardiography shows abnormal valve
leaflet motion.
ECG may show left atrial and ventricular
hypertrophy.
X-ray shows left atrial and ventricular
enlargement.
Mitral stenosis
Cardiac catheterization shows diastolic
pressure gradient across the valve and elevated left atrial and pulmonary artery wedge
pressures.
Echocardiography shows thickened mitral
valve leaflets.
ECG shows left atrial hypertrophy.
X-ray shows left atrial and ventricular
enlargement.
Tricuspid insufficiency
Echocardiography shows systolic prolapse
of the tricuspid valve.
ECG shows right atrial or right ventricular
hypertrophy.
X-ray shows right atrial dilation and right
ventricular enlargement.
Teaching topics
NURSING DIAGNOSES
Activity intolerance
Anxiety
Decreased cardiac output
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