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A LITERARY STUDY
ON THE MAIN CHARACTER AND

CHARACTERIZATION
IN J.M. BARRIES NOVEL PETER PAN
THESIS
BY:
PURWATI
030401090054
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
KANJURUHAN UNIVERSITY OF MALANG

2008
A LITERARY STUDY
ON THE MAIN CHARACTER AND
CHARACTERIZATION
IN J.M. BARRIES NOVEL PETER PAN
THESIS
This thesis is presented as the requirement fulfillment for the

Sarjana Degree English Language Department at
Kanjuruhan University of Malang
BY:
PURWATI
030401090054
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
KANJURUHAN UNIVERSITY OF MALANG

2008
This is to certify that the sarjanas thesis of Purwati has been approved the Board
of examiners as requirement for the Sarjana Degree in Teaching English as a
foreign language.
Malang, 3 August 2008

Thesis Examining Committees:
Chairman,
Mujiono M.Pd
Member,
Like Raskova Oktabelina S.Pd, M.Ed
Member,
Agus Sholeh S.Pd
Acknowledged by
Dean of Faculty of Training Teacher and
Education
Drs. Slamet Rianto, M.Pd
ii
This is to certify that thesis by PURWATI has been approved by the thesis
advisor for further approval by the examining committee as a requirement for the
Sarjana degree in the teaching of English as a foreign language.
Malang,
July 2008
Advisor I
Mujiono, M.Pd
Advisor II
Like Raskova Otabelina S.Pd, M.Ed
iii
DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP
The undersign, here with I

Name
: Purwati
NPM
: 03.040109.0054
Study Program
: English Language
Address
: Jl. Simpang Borobudur Utara 9
Faculty
: Teacher Training and Education
Declares that the present Sarjanas thesis describes original research

undertaken for the English Department, Faculty Teacher Training Education of
Kanjuruhan University of Malang.
Any theories, findings and research technique not my own have been
acknowledged in the text. Theoretical contributions and findings in this thesis are
my own original work and have not been submitted for any degree in this or other
university. If later, it can be revealed that this Sarjanas thesis contain partly or
wholly plagiarized pieces other intellectual work of any kind, I will readily accept
the sanction establishes by university on the matter
Malang,
July 2008
PURWATI
NPM. 03.040109.0054
iv
Motto
Dedication
He who wants to catch fish must not mind
getting wet
orang yang ingin mendapatkan sesuatu haruslah berusaha
dan berkorban
This thesis is dedicated to:

My father Surahmin and
My mother Watisah,
My sister Endang Setyawati
My little Angel Keysa Setiawan
For their prayer, love, patience in
motivating me to finish this thesis
The Writer
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First, I deeply express my gratitude to God, the almighty Allah SWT for
the blessing in accomplishing the writing process of the thesis, my prophet
Muhammad SAW, you always become the guide of my life and I cannot say
anything to assert thank you.
As the time passing by, the writer would like to appreciate and also to
express deeply thanks to:
1. Mr. Mujiono, M.Pd and Mrs. Like Raskova Oktabelina, S.Pd. M.Ed, as
the first and the second advisor whom have me suggestion, motivation,
critic and help in finishing this thesis.
2. To my beloved father Surahmin and my lovely mother Watisah, as my big
motivator and my guide in my life.
3. My beloved mother Denywati, S.Pd
4. My sisters family Endang, thanks for the kindness and also for the caring
heart and for my little angel Keisya Setiawan.
5. My-El Ra. Na2nk Dwi Cahyono thanks for your love, patient and support
to finish my thesis.
The writer realizes that this thesis is far from perfect, and hopefully in the
future there will be suggestion and help in completing this thesis. Finally, the
writer hopes that this thesis will be useful for the next researcher.
The Writer
ABSTRACT
Purwati, 2008. A Literary Study on the Main Character and Characterization

in J.M Barries Peter Pan Novel. Thesis. Department of English
Education. Faculty of Teacher Training and Education. Kanjuruhan
University of Malang.
Advisor (1) Mujiono, M.Pd (2) Like Raskova Oktabelina, S.Pd, M.Ed
Keywords: Literary Study, Main Character, Characterization, Peter Pan, Novel
Literature is part of course and it has to be taken by student of English
Department at Kanjuruhan University of Malang. The other subjects are drama,
prose and poetry. Unfortunately most of the student do not like the subject, they
think that literature is difficult to understand because to deals with creativity and
imagination. Other student says literature is not necessary to learn. In other
opinion, a fiction has nothing to do with real life that they ignore and cannot
understand literature.
In this thesis, the writer wants to analyze the characteristic of major
character in the novel PETER PAN by J.M. BARRIE. By analyzing the
characteristic on the book the writer want to know deeply and really on the
element.
The reasons why the writer decides to analyze the story of Peter Pan. The
first reason is Peter Pan is a part of the classic story one of the literary work,
second is purpose of studying the subject makes the students acquainted with the
form of literature with the hope that will arouse the students interest and develop
their understanding and appreciation of literary work.
In the second chapter there will be analyzing on literature such as from
literary genre such as prose, poetry, drama, the novel. The elements of novel such
as plot, setting, character and characterization, flat character, complex character,
major and minor major characters, and then the writer tries to read the previous
study about related literature in previous research of the study.
This study is designed to describe the main character and characterizations
of the "Peter Pan" by J.M Barrie. This study is descriptive qualitative research in
which the writer using soft data such as novel, watching peter pan movie and also
collected the data from browsing on Internet media.
The object of the study is analysis of major characters of J.M Barrie Peter
Pan which is taken this story for collecting the data. It is function is to help the
writer in analyzing, classifying and identifying the kind of character and
characterization in the novel.
The writer also tries to make her conclusion from the analysis written in
chapter four, based on the problem of the study in chapter one. After the writer
investigated the whole story, she is able to draw a conclusion, the main character
in Peter Pan novel is Peter Pan himself, and Peter Pan has very stable character.
Character is Peter Pan is a good boy, when he overcomes a series of unfortunates,
and miserable of his life, but he still shows his good attitudes to everyone, that is
vii
always love to all. Peter Pan has a strong body. He can defeat Captain Hook when
happened war in Neverland. But in the end there will be only Peter Pan and
Captain Hook in the Neverland.
In other side Peter Pan was called as human a fear grow up because he
considered that an adult always have a complicated problem and he tends to
always to be a child that always be happy every time and he never wants to get so
many problems in his life likes an adult people.
We can take moral value from Peter Pan novel is good is always defeat
evil. Moreover, solidarity refers to everyone which why Peter Pan is considerable
a leader that can be follows by their people.
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title .................................................................................................................
Approval Sheets ...............................................................................................
ii
Examining Agreement ....................................................................................
iii
Declaration of Authorship ...............................................................................
iv
Dedicated Paper ..............................................................................................
Acknowledgment .............................................................................................
vi
Abstract ............................................................................................................
vii
Table of Content...............................................................................................
ix
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study ..........................................................................
1.2 Statement of the Problems........................................................................
1.3 Purpose of the Study.................................................................................
1.4 Significance of the Study..........................................................................
1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study ...........................................................
1.6 Definition of the key Terms .....................................................................
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Literature .................................................................................................
2.2 Literary Genre ..........................................................................................
2.2.1 Novel ..............................................................................................
2.2.2 The Element of The Novel..............................................................
10
2.2.2.1 Extrinsic Element..............................................................
10
2.2.2.2 Intrinsic Element...............................................................
10
ix
2.3 Definition of Characteristic .....................................................................
11
2.3.1 Kinds Of Characterization ............................................................
12
2.4 Characters and Characterization ..............................................................
15
2.5 Moral Development .................................................................................
18
2.6 Previous Research of the Study................................................................
21
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHOD

3.1 Research Design ......................................................................................
22
3.2 Subject and Object of the Study ...............................................................
23
3.3 Instruments ...............................................................................................
25
3.4 Data Collection and Data Analysis ..........................................................
26
CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION

4.1
Finding ...................................................................................................
27
4.1.1 Characters of The Peter Pan ......................................................
27
4.1.2 Major Character ............................................................................
27
a) Peter Pan is mainly selfish person ..........................................
28
b) Peter has a nonchalant attitude ................................................
28
c) Peter Pan is fairly sensitive ....................................................
29
d) Peter-Pan immaturity ..............................................................
30
e) Peter Pan can fly .....................................................................
30
f) Peter is an amazing swordsman ..............................................
31
g) Peter Pan has high sense .........................................................
31
h) Peter Pan is a happy person ....................................................
32
i) Peter Pan is responsibility ......................................................
32
j) Peter Pan is brave ...................................................................
33
k) Peter Pan can sleeps in the air without falling ........................
34
l) Peter Pan can easily knows pirates position ..........................
34
m) Peter Pan is smart ...................................................................
35
4.2
Discussion ..............................................................................................
36
4.3
Moral Issues in Peter Pans Novel .........................................................
43
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1
Conclusion ..............................................................................................
45
5.2
Suggestion ..............................................................................................
46
REFERENCES ................................................................................................
47
APPENDIXES ................................................................................................
48
A. BIOGRAPHY OF THE AUTHORSHIP ..................................................
48
B. SYNOPSIS OF THE STUDY ..................................................................
50
C. CURRICULUM VITAE ..........................................................................
54
xi
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the study

Literature is part of course and it has to be taken by student of English
Department at Kanjuruhan University of Malang. The other subjects are drama,

prose and poetry. Unfortunately, most of the students do not like the subject, they
think that literature is difficult to understand because it deals with creativity and
imagination. Other student says that literature is not necessary to learn. In other
opinion, a fiction has nothing to do with real life that they ignore and cannot
understand literature.
Actually if they like, love literature and study well, they will get many
advantages for distance. In the prose, the subject is presented for the providing the
students with fun and enjoyment, furthermore, it also gives us valuable
information related to the value of life, beside they can learn lesson of moral and
education. Because of the limitation of time and space, it is impossible for us to
study various experiences and it will open our mind up into broad deeper image
before. Through reading literature we can directly share experience and get better
understand human nature and human affair, either in social, individual, racial or
international sphere. It also supports language enriches foreign culture knowledge
it is true that drama, poetry and other literary work give us much meaning and
advantages. Literature also enhances our skill in discriminating and judging the
quality of things. Besides, it helps us in the way of judging which is right and
which is wrong.
As readers especially literary students, we must be creative to study the
value of literary works, because in literary works, we can find wisdom of life
which can be applied in our daily life. We know literature is an imitation of
description human life. As it is said in Theory of Literature (1956: 94)
Literature represents life and lifein large measure, a social reality,
even tough the natural word and the inner or subjective world of the
individual have also been objects of the literary imitation
Actually, Wellek and Werren want to take a change of Thesis
misunderstanding, because the meaning of this quotation will be vogue if it means
only that literature is the imitation of life. Besides, literary works which created
is not just like the description of life, but it is a literary work which is special
value, therefore, by reading or studying literary works, especially novel. Novel is
one form of literary that often tries to reflect human life by portraying the soul and
the inner mind of the characters. Novel is one of literary works, in which the
readers can find a lot of keeping face with the world and amusement in order to
please the metal needs. By reading novel, people can get a better view of things
that happen in people mind.
In this thesis, the writer wants to analyze the character of major and minor
characters in the novel PETER PAN by J.M. BARRIE. By analyzing the
characteristic on the book the writer want to know deeply and really on the
element.
The reasons why the writer decides to analyze the story of peter pan. The
first reason is Peter Pan is a part of the classic story one of the literary work. The
second reason is purpose of studying the subject makes the students acquainted
with the form of literature with the hope that will arouse the students interest and
develop their understanding and appreciation of literary work.
1.2
Problem of study
The main problem of the study that will be discussed here can be
formulated as follows:
1. Who are the main characters of J.M Barries novel Peter Pan and how does
the author characterize the main character of J.M. BARRIES novel Peter
Pan?
2. What is the important moral issue from this novel?
1.3
The objective of the study

Based on the problem of study in previous statement, this study was
intended to:
1. Describe the main characters of J.M Barries novel Peter Pan and how does
the author characterize the major and minor character of J.M. BARRIES
novel Peter Pan
2. Describe the important moral issue from J.M Barrie novel "Peter Pan"
1.4
Significance of the study

Theoretically, the result of this study would be worthy to English teachers
as information concerning in adding the material of literary work. By reading this

thesis, it is expected that the teacher can give sufficient material in literary work
especially about to analyze the character and characterization in a novel to their
students clearly so the education objective can be achieved successfully.
Practically, the result of this study is expected to give some information to
the reader about the way to analyze the character and characterization in a novel
and hopefully this thesis will be useful for the students of English Department
who take literary work as their study.
1.5
Scope and Limitation

This study will analyze the characters of the novel entitled "Peter Pan" by
J.M Barrie, they are: Wendy, Mr. Darling, Mrs. Darling, Captain Hook, Tinker
bell, etc. Because of the limited time and energy so the writer only focused on
main characters and the writer only concentrates on it.
1.6
Definition of Key Terms

The definitions of the key terms which are necessary to be defined are as
follow:
a. Character
The Actor and actress in a story or play or an imaged person in a story, whom
we know from the words we read on page.
b. The main characteristic

The character so control, to the action so continual in this presence that we
expect the author will explore his make up and motivation most thoroughly
(Walter J. Miller, 1984:27)
c. Peter Pan
The title of this story by J.M Barrie will be discussed.
d. Main Characters
Main character is the most important character in the story, he takes the most
parts of events and is frequently shown up in the story (Aminuddin, 1987:80)
the complex of round character is obviously more life like that the simple they
are not complex in temperament and motivation but also having multiple
personalities and therefore resemble real people, much harder to understand
that the simple and capable of surprising us (Kenney, 1966:80).
e. J.M Barrie
The one of the famous, Scotland writer that was born on May, 1860 in
Kirrimuier and many famous novel and short story was produced by him.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter will discuss some ideas and view related to this study. It
includes literature, the literary genres, narrative fiction and the element of the
novel that include plot, setting, character and characterization and moral
development.
2.1
Literature
Robert stated (2003:3) that technically, anything spoken or written are
literature. This includes everything from grocery list to Shakespeare sonnets. The
literature that is studied in introductory college courts is most often in the written
form. This form offers certain advantages although they may not seem
immediately clear. Written literature gives great flexibility, such as a novel and
romances. When people read, they depend on their effort and imagination. This is
not any actor, setting, photographic, or musical techniques to supersede our own
reconstruction of the authors ideas. If they wish, they might read a passage one or
many times and may stop reading and think for a while about what they have just
read, they may a read a passage once or many times.
According to Jones (1968:1) in his book of outline of literature,
Literature, in its broadest sense, includes all written materials into this general
grouping fall history books, philosophical works, novel, poems, play, scientific
articles, dictionaries, direction, instrumental manuals, travel folders, magazines,

school text book . It can divide this large mass of material into two different
groups. In one group, it can place those writings that mainly present information.
In the other, it can place those writing that mainly present information. In the
other, it can place those writings that entertain. Jones (1968:1) also said that a
famous writer one divined those by saying, there is power. The function of the
first is to teach and the second, the literature of move.
In literature, the author arranges certain truth and facts as well as possible,
so the readers will accept what he said. The authors also selects facts which
support his ideas to make a real story and he will not tell the reader answer of
history but the reader has to make conclusion by him or herself.
At last, the researcher can conclude that literature is everything written,
which expresses thoughts, feeling and attitude towards life, thus literature can be
more completely defined as a permanent expression in world of some thoughts or
feeling or ideas about life in the worlds.
2.2
Literary Genre
Genre of literature is an antidote to the conflicting influences and kind of
extension and application of certain properties of language. When talking about

literature and language on the basis of the very fact that the literary work is a
verbal work of art, and this basis has long provoked investigators to speak of
languages leading role in the literature; an entire discipline i.e, statistic, has been
created on the borderline between literary studies and linguistics. Much has been
written on the language of certain writers, while language is defined here as the
material substance of the writer or the work.
In practice, work of literatures fall into four categories, which are narrative
fiction, drama, poetry, and non narrative fiction (Robert, 2003:4). In this chapter
the writer only focused the investigation on the novel because the writers study
has relationship with the novels understanding and meaning
2.2.1
Novel
According to Webster (1969:836), novel is a fiction prose narrative of
considerably a complexity, portraying character and presenting a sequential

organization of action and scenes. A novel is relatively long (more than 45.000
words) while a novella is about 15.000 45.000 words. The length of the novel
permits expense in space as well as in time.
The novel expands, substitutes complexity, characters develop. A favorite
subject of novelist is the growth of characters from childhood to maturity. The
novel is making not meant to be read a single setting time. Because of its length,
the novel is particularly suited as the short is not, to deal with the effect on a
character of the passage time. The novel achieves the unity by inclusion, the
author puts in as much of life as he can control by his time.
Novels do not have any form, nor structure. It is inflexible. It is form and
structure in a story; it is those words in that order. There are also fashions. Earlier
novelists were fond of the massive novel, which followed the adventures of a set
of character over a whole lifetime, sometimes literally form birth to death. One
modern fashion which has lasted well is built around a tightly woven plot; a
structure closer to a drama than to a history, such as novel starts with clear cut
beginning, a rapidly evolving sequences of events which push everything else in
the world a side; a crisis, during which the hero distraught, his perception of
himself and around him dissented; then usually there comes the intervention for
rescuing him; sometime he is rescued of the interventions fail and he dies.
The term novel in most European language is romances which is derived
from the medieval romance. The English name is derived from Italian novella
(meaning a little new things), which was a short talk in prose used in equivalent
for novelette a prose fiction of middle length. Now the story of the novel is
applied to great variety of writing have in common that the attribute of being
extended works of prose fiction. The novel is distinguished from the short story
and from the work of middle length called Novelette. It is more complex and
details (http://Wik.ed.uivc.edu/index.php/narrative_prose)
Swartridge (1989:3) stated that when the novel is not dead it is alive in
hundred and one forms, but the first requirement of a novel would seem to be that
it is fiction, it can be certainly said is that it is a work of the imagination. A second
requirement would seem to be the equivalent of journal without event or an essay
without an argument, a rape without a tune.
According to Swartridge (1989:3) that a novel that is going to survive, and
be set for study, must do one or both of the following.
10
a) It must say something original about life, not just for its own but for all time.
It must be, to some extent, prophetic not in the sense that it warns, or that is
brings something of importance to the attention of its readers.
b) It must, in some way, advance the art of the novel where it does not warn its
readers; it draws anything of importance about live to their attention.
Indeed, the novel is a work of art; it always consists of some main
elements, such as subject matter, theme, plot, setting, character and point of view.
2.2.2
The elements of the novel

In studying about the novel, we must know the elements of the novel it
self. The element of the novel can be described into major parts which are
extrinsic elements and the intrinsic elements.
2.2.2.1 Extrinsic Element
It relates with the aspects out side the novel; it also relates to the writer
messages, humanistic, and educational approach. Swartridge (1989:24) said that:
If a novelist had something of social or political, or philosophical,
or moral short to say, they would be journalist or essay writers or
broadcasters.
Its function is to enlarge the readers knowledge where the novelists bring
them by exploring and relating the story with the aspects out side the novel.
11
2.2.2.2 Intrinsic Element

To attain high understanding reading a novel, the reader should know the
essence of literary work, which covers from the beginning until the end of the
story, that covers are plot, setting, character and characterization.
2.3
Definition of Characteristic
Characteristic is related to showing the characters special quality, typical
and distinctive. To appreciate the personality of the character, the readers must
know a persons behavior by learning his or her feelings, thoughts and perception.
According to Griffith (1982:29), characters are the people in narrative and
development of character. Griffith also reveals the characters in general; authors
have two methods namely direct method and indirect method. In direct method,
the author invites the readers to draw his or her own references from evidence
provided in the course of the theory. The readers can draw their inferences from
what the characters saying or doing. The author shows rather tells us.
Characterization is depicting of clear image of person (John. Jr. 1966:33).
Platero (1987:10) says that there are two kinds of characterization they are direct
and indirect characterization. In direct characterization, the author makes direct
statements about the characters personalities. The reader can accept as the truth
of an authors direct statement that a character is gentle or intelligent. In addition,
the author frequently uses the technique of indirect characterization in revealing
their characters personalities. Indirect characterization requires the readers to
interpret a characters behavior to decide a character is like.
12
2.3.1
Kinds of Characterization
There are several kinds of characters to be discussed as follows:
a)
Based on Topology
Based on topology there two kinds of characters. The
characters in fictions are called fictional characters with regard to
the kinds of character portrayed. Eugene Michael Foster in his
book Aspect of Novel defines characters into general category;
they are flat and round characters (1962:75).
Flat characters are those who embody or represent a
single characteristic, trait of idea or at most a very limited number
of such qualities. They also refers to as type characters, as one
Dimensional Characters and they usually minor actors in the novel
and stories, but no always so (Pickering and Hooper, 1981:25).
According to Foster, there are advantages of flat characters.
One great advantage is that they are easily recognized whenever
they come in the story is recognized by the readers emotional eye,
not by the visual eye, which merely notes recurrent of a proper
name (1962:76). The second advantage is the readers easily
remembers them afterward. They remain in his mind for the reason
that they were not changed by circumstances (1962:77)
Round characters are obviously more life like than that
flat characters, because in life people are not simple embodiment
of single attitude. The round characters are very complex and many
13
sides. According to Pickering and Hooper this kind of character

embodies a number of qualities and traits and is complex
multidimensional characters of considerable intellectual and
emotional depth, which has capacity to grow and change (1981:26)
b)
Based on the Role of Character in Fiction

There are several kinds of characters based on the role of
the characters in fiction
(a)
Main characters. Main character is the most important

character in the story, he takes the most parts of events and is
frequently shown up in the story (Aminuddin, 1987:80) the
complex of round character is obviously more life like that
the simple one. They are not complex in temperament and
motivation but also having multiple personalities and
therefore resemble real people, much harder to understand
that the simple and capable of surprising us (Kenney,
1966:80).
(b)
Minor characters, are less important and less appearance

than the main one, he completes the main character only
(Aminuddin, 1966:80) the simple or minor character is the
representation of human personalities than the embodiment
of a single attitude of obsession in a character, it includes all
the familiar types, or stereotype of fiction (Kenney 1966:2829)
14
c)
Based on the Characterization of Characters

There are two kinds of characterization of character.
(a)
A protagonist is the major or central character of the plot

whose role is as the heroine, an admirable character, who
embodies widely accepted virtues and strengths, who is
morally good. It is fate (the conflict or problem being
wrested with) on which the attention of the reader is
focused. The protagonist is usually easy enough to identify:
he or she is the essential character without whom there
would be no plot in the first place (Pickering and Hooper,
1981:24).
(b)
An antagonist is a character who provides some sort

contrast for the protagonist. In other words, it is the
character against, which the protagonist contends of
struggle. The protagonist is an important opponent pitted
against him who provides opposition. The antagonist can be
somewhat more difficult to identify, especially if he is not a
human being. In fact, as was intimated earlier, the
antagonist may not be a living creature at all, but rather the
hostile social or natural environment with which the
protagonist is forced to content (Pickering and Hooper,
1981:25).
15
2.4
Character and Characterization

In good novel, the author always describes the character to resemble as
possible real human being, to support the analysis of the character, the researcher
uses sometimes not people in the story, like in fantasy fiction the characters are
not people. They may be climate, animal robots or creature from space, but the
story exists because the readers treat them as if they were human, because the
author gives those human abilities and human psychological traits, so every
character have his own character and his personal traits. It can be seen from the
quotations below:
Character is the nature of an individual it includes all the
personality traits which make person unique. The term is also used
to refer to fictional creation. The characters are the actors in the
fictional work (Podis, 1984-91)
Character is a mental or moral nature of qualities that makes

person different from others (Hornby, 1989:188)
There are two categories of fictional character, namely round/complex or

major character and flat/simple or minor character. Kenney (1966;29) said that the
complex character is obviously more life like than the simple, because in life
people are not simple embodiments of single attitude, a complex or round
character, at the other end or the spectrum is the complex character, because it
sees all sides of him (Kenney,1966;29). Major or in familiar it is called the main
character is the most important character in story, he takes the most parts of
events and frequently shown up in the story also often get comment from other.
16
Aminuddin (1987;79-80), explained in his book of Pengantar Apresiasi Karya

Sastra that:
Seorang tokoh yang memiliki peranan penting dalam suatu cerita
disebut dengan tokoh utama, Dia sering muncul dalam suatu cerita
dan sering dibicarakan oleh pengarangnya
The simple or flat character is less the representation of human personality
than the embodiment of a single attitude in a character. It includes all the familiar
types, or a stereotype of fiction (Kenney, 1966; 28). Flat or minor character is less
important and less in appearance than the main, he completes the main character
the main character only. According to Aminuddin:
Tokoh yang memiliki peranan tidak penting karena
pemunculannya hanya melengkapi, melayani, mendukung, pelaku
utama disebut tokoh tambahan atau tokoh pembantu
(Aminuddin,1987:79-80).
Dealing with the statements above, Kenney (1966:30) also said that the
complex character could supply us; the simple character tends to produce life
likeness in the work the fiction. When we study character by having a bad
character say a bad things about than in a play is called antagonist and the author
would interpret the action characters that have good habits would be accepted as
protagonist.
According to Koesnosoebroto, in the book of the Anatomy of prose fiction
(1988:67) on the ground of the importance, characters can be classified in to two
types. They are major and minor characters. Major characters is the most crucial
character in a story but it cannot stand on its own, it needs either character to drive
the story more convincing and life like. Minor character is the character of less
17
important than there of than those of major that make the story more convincing
and life likes those needed by the major character above.
Characterization is a way to analyze the attitude, appearance and behavior
of the character above. Characterization is a way to analyze the attitude,
appearance and behavior of the character. It is similar to the people in life. Horn
by (1989:188) stated that characterization is the action or process of
characterizing. Characterization can be divided into two categories, namely
protagonist and antagonist characters. Protagonist Character is the character that is
loved by the reader, because of his good characteristic. Antagonist character is the
character that is hated by the reader because of bad characteristic that is not
suitable with the reader desire.
Koesnosoebroto (1988:66) stated in more detail that characterization must
fulfill at least three principles. First, the character must be consistent in their
behavior; they must not behave one way on one occasion and a different way on
another unless there is a clearly sufficient reason for the charge, second, the
character must clearly be motivated in whatever they do, especially when there is
any change in their behavior; it must be able to understand the reasons for what
they do. Third, the character must be plausible or lifeless, credible, realistic, and
probable. If the writer can meet the second principle, the third will automatically
be realized. The credibility of a character can by achieved by meeting the second
principle i.e., and his clear motivation of taking any action.
In understanding characterization of the character, the reader can find out
from the way of the authors appears the figure of character in every manner of
18
story. There are two ways to appear the figure of character in every manner of
story. There are two ways to appear it, analytical and dramatically-in analytical, it
appears with directly telling the characteristic of character and its personality. In
this case, the author expresses by mentioning it as stubborn, doubtful person.
Dramatically, it gives description of the character indirectly through by choosing
the characters name; description of the body, wing to wear cloth, respond to the
other character and environment; and by dialogue that includes the dialogues of
the character and his interaction with another character (Bazari : 1966;90)
2.5
Moral Development
Ethics or usually called moral philosophy one of the discipline science that
be branch from philosophy. Ethics not etiquette or good manners order. Ethics
evaluates rationally action from human. The simple, when does etiquette good
manners order operative general at society so task from ethics evaluate good
manners order, but merely evaluate ethics even question to what general operative
good manners order at that society is ethical or rational. But, ethics not as simple
as that, ethics not only deal with etiquette problem. Because that ethics study
object all human action so also clear away that entire human place area acts. That
is why in many literatures we are then knows what called with business ethics,
policies ethics, social ethics, medical ethics, etc.
Also differ from moral teachings that bloom in society. Moral teachings
can shape teachings, advices, regulations, good that in the form of also article that
can base on from teacher, parents, society, etc. Ethics not addition source for
19
moral teachings but critical thinking and basic hit moral teachings. Then why does
that ethics important? (Suseno, 1987:13-20)
In the hook with novel Peter Pan, moral theme is talk about in this novel.
Even so there part a little touch moral theme that thing has only very general.
Brainchild that crime can be defeated with for example kindness, moral brainchild
too vast and general. There is no problem serious moral problem that appears
except imaginations from the writer.
Nevertheless Peter Pans characters that want to linger always glad happy,
and without that load is actually keeps moral problem enough serious when we
see deeper. In novel revealed that alive within reason moppet proper alive
principle is held to reach for what called with happiness. To reach for this, Jim
Barrie merely create figures likes Peter Pan, Tinker Bell, Wendy, Captain Hook,
etc but also create a world as container will realize imaginative aim alive. And the
world named Neverland.
Far before Barrie write about fantasy world existence likes Neverland,
Thomas Moore ever write world approximately same in the book have a title
Utopia. 2 utopias where happy alive everybody without think problem - classic
problem in life like job, family, society, etc. Neverland really come up in its for
simple although very imaginative, from here moral problem in Barries novel.
(Moore, 1999:168)
Final inferential is that actually Barrie wants us to remember for the
importance of world in the imaginative novel. Victory Peter Pan as symbol
kindness and captain hook as symbol wicked strength beckons the mentioned; that
20
human always hope can beat problems alive that befall it. Although that aim
world is important but as touched above he haves ambiguous (double) and can be
matter negative when not be espoused with deed concrete. This matter is same
with Aristotles thinking hits happiness. Follow Aristotles happiness merely alive
amuses. Happiness for Aristotles tight the hook with deed. Happiness word in
Greek is eudemonia self follow Aristotles good deed to realize happiness.
(Robert, 2002: 130-13)
Generally, morality is a system of rules that modifies our behavior in
social situations. It's about the doing of good instead of harm, and it sets some
standard of self esteem (or in Indonesian language kepercayaan) is conduct.
(http://wikipedia.org/moral_issues.htm)
When asked about morality, many people respond like this: "Oh, that's all
just a matter of personal opinion anyway, right?" But if you look at the way in
which moral values actually work in our everyday lives, you'll see that this is not
the case. Personal intuitions are important, of course. But morality generally
comes into play when people interact with each other. This suggests that morality
is a system of "shared" values which "justify" actions. As such, morality is about
deciding on best courses of action in all situations. As you'll see, there are
quotation marks around the words "shared" and "justify" for a reason.
Moral values are generally shared values. If we did not have an values in
common, it would be exceedingly difficult to agree on any one course of action.
But since there is often disagreement as to what is the right thing to do in any
situation, we can see that in fact, various values are shared to a greater or lesser
21
extent. On some values there will be nearly unanimous agreement. On others,

there may be considerable disagreement.
Another issue is moral development; morality is principle or standard of
behavior based on right and wrong. Moral has a relationship write can science for
how much a person obeys the conscience, shows his moral.
2.6
Previous Research of the Study

Related to the thesis of the writer, there are always previous studies related
to the research above.

Budhiarmilylia, Aliefiana (2007) on her thesis titled An Analysis of the
Conflict between the Major and Minor Characters in Oliver Twist, found that the
moral issues in the novel is always related to behavior of the human being itself as
the family or an individual.
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD
In this chapter, the writer discusses the cases in connection with

methodology used in the analysis of the novel. In collecting the data, the writer
uses many books, which are related to this thesis. This chapter discusses about
research design, data source, and object of the study, data collection and data
analysis.
3.1
Research Design
This study is designed to describe the character and characterizations in
the "Peter Pan" by J.M Barrie. This study is descriptive qualitative research in
which the writer uses soft data such as novel, watching Peter Pan movie and also
collecting the data from browsing on the Internet media.
According to Ary (1972: 295) who explained that descriptive research
studies designed to obtain that descriptive research studies designed to obtain
information concerning the current status or phenomenon.
The type of research design in this research is descriptive qualitative
research because it has natural setting, as the direct source of data and the
researcher is the key instrument. The result of the research is a descriptive and
objective. This study attempts to make an elaborate analysis of the work of the
story. In order to make this kind of research design, the researcher has few steps,
such are:
22
23
1. The researcher found the novel that she wants to analyze. The novel that she
wants to analyze should have good contents and language that used in the
novel and easy to be under stand by the reader.
2. The writer reads the novel to find the contents of the novel and after that the
writer finds the data that needed to support her analyses.
3. The research should read another book which has relationship with the study
as the source and the supporting facts for the study.
4. The research finds the data from other sources, not only from book the
researcher found the data from other reader or from browsing the internet to
find the data.
3.2
Object of the Study

The object of the study is the analysis of character and characterization of
J.M Barrie Peter Pan. In this case, the major and minor characters in the novel
itself, this is taken this story for collecting the data. The function is to help the
writer in analyzing, classifying and identifying the kind of character and
characterization in the novel. In this research, the writer focuses the study on the
characters and the characterizations as the meaning of it are:
1. In good novel, the author always describes the character to resemble as
possible real human being, to support the analysis of the character, the
researcher uses sometimes not people in the story, like in fantasy fiction the
characters are not people. They may be climate, animal robots or creature
from space, but the story exist because the reader treats them as if they were
24
human, because the author gives them human abilities and human
psychological traits, so every characters have his own character and his
personal traits. It can be seen from the quotations below:
Characters is the nature of an individual it includes all the
personality traits which make person unique. The term is also
used to refer to fictional creation. The characters are the
actors in the fictional work (Podis, 1984-91)
Character is a mental or moral nature of qualities that makes
person different from others (Hornby, 1989:188)
2. There are two categories of fictional character, namely round/complex or

major character and flat/simple or minor character. Kenney said that the
complex character is obviously more life like than the simple, because in life
people are not simple embodiments of single attitude, a complex or round
character, at the other end or the spectrum is the complex character, because
it sees all side of him (Kenney, 1966:29). Major or in familiar it is called the
main character is the most important character in story, he takes the most
parts of events and frequently shown up in the story also often get comment
from other. Aminuddin (1987;79-80), explained in his book of Pengantar
Apresiasi Karya Sastra that:
Seorang tokoh yang memiliki peranan penting dalam suatu
cerita disebut dengan tokoh utama, Dia sering muncul dalam
suatu cerita dan sering dibicarakan oleh pengarangnya
The simple or flat character is less than the representation of or human
personality than the embodiment of a single attitude in a character. It
includes all the familiar types, or a stereotype of fiction (Kenney, 1966:28).
Flat or minor character is less important and less in appearance than
25
the main, they complete the main character the main character only.
According to Aminuddin:
Tokoh yang memiliki peranan yang tidak penting karena
pemunculannya hanya melengkapi, melayani, mendukung,
pelaku utama disebut tokoh tambahan atau tokoh pembantu
(Aminuddin,1987:79-80).
In the novel of J.M Barrie, the writer will not expose all the major characters
but only focused on Peter Pan not Captain Hook, Tinker Bell, Wendy, and
the Lost Boy.
This novel is considered as the classic novel in non fiction study. This
novel is published by Penguin Popular Classic and it was performed in 1904 and
was such a success that it became and annual Christmas event, produced almost
every December for the next sixty years. In 1911 Barrie wrote Peter Pan in novel
form.
The reasons why the writer takes this novel as the object of the study is
because the writer ever watched the film of the Peter Pan in the television media
and also because of the chosen vocabulary in the novel is simple and will make
the reader automatically and simply understand about the content of the story.
Although there are some of unfamiliar vocabularies that cannot be found in the
English dictionary, this novel can easily understand because it can easily
concluded because of the direct explanation in the story.
3.3
Instruments
The instruments which are applied in this study are the researcher herself
and documentation as the primary documentation are novel Peter Pan written
26
by J.M Barrie, and the books that are related to literary work.
The instruments that are used by the writer in collecting the data is
corpuses. By doing the corpuses, the researcher hopes that the reader can
understand easily. Corpuses related with the classifying the analysis in every
chapter of this novel. This means in every chapter, the major and minor characters
will be analyzed within every chapter of the novel Peter Pan of the J.M Barrie.
3.4
Data Collection and data analysis

Related to literature, this study is descriptive qualitative research. The key
instrument is the researcher herself and the results are descriptive and objective
one. To collect the data the researcher uses the documentation and corpus that are
related to study like books, which are supported and related to this study that are
collected. The researcher uses corpus to analyze the character and characterization
which happened in Peter Pan novel using analyzing character and
characterization.
After the data are obtained from the novel, the data are analyzed. There are
some steps to analyze the data of this study as follow:
1. Drawing and understanding the outline of the whole story in the novel
Peter Pan written by J.M. Barrie.
2. Classifying one by one the characters on this novel by using corpses.
3. Reading and classifying between the major and minor character by using
corpses.
4. Interpreting the data finding.
5. Describing in detail the data findings and finds the conclusion.
CHAPTER IV
FINDING AND DISCUSSION
In this chapter, the writer wants to analyze about the main characters and
the characterization of the main character in Jim Barries novel namely Peter
Pan. The writer only analyzes the main character that is Peter Pan itself and
anything that related to him.
4.1
4.1.1
Finding
Characters and Characterization of The Peter Pan
In this novel, the characters can be classified into major characters and the
minor characters as follows:

4.1.2
Major Characters
The major characters of the novel in the Peter Pan are many but in this
case the writer will limits only on the characters that frequently appears in the
novel. Those characters are Peter Pan, Captain Hook, Tinker Bell, Wendy, and
The Lost Boy. But as the writer only focused on the Peter Pan, the writer will
analyze only about him.
Koesnosoebroto in his book Anatomy of Prose Fiction (1988:67) said
that main characters cannot stand in his own; he needs other characters to make
the story more convincing and life-like. Pickering (1981:24) says that is usually
27
28
easy enough to identify him or her essential character without, which there would
be not plot in the first place.
In this chapter, the writer will analyze the characteristics of each major in
order to get data about Peter Pan. The writer describes Peter Pan as a beautiful
boy with beautiful smile.
He was a lovely boy, clad in skeleton leaves and the juices that ooze
out of tress; but most entrancing thing about him was that he had all
his first teeth (Page 11)
a) Peter Pan is mainly selfish person
Peter is mainly a selfish character of a boastful and careless
boy. He is quick to point out how great he is, even when such claims
are questionable (such as when he congratulates himself for Wendy
successfully reattaching his shadow).
When playing Follow My Leader, Peter would fly
close to the water and touch each sharks tail in
passing, just as in the street you run your finger a long
as iron railing. They could not follow him in this with
success, so perhaps it was rather like showing off,
especially as he kept looking behind to see how many
tails they missed. (Page 41)
b) Peter has a nonchalant attitude

Peter has a nonchalant attitude that makes him say things unwords. He is also known to be fearlessly cocky when it comes to
putting himself in danger. It is said by Barrie that when Peter thought
he was going to die on Marooner's Rock, he felt scared, yet he felt
only one shudder run through him when any other person would've felt
29
scared up until death. With his blissful unawareness of the tragedy of

death, he says:
"Without giving a thought to what might be the feeling of a
fellow creature thus abruptly deprived of its closest
companion, Peter at once considered that to die will be an
awfully big adventure" (Page 149).
In some variations of the story and even some example, Peter
can also be quite nasty and selfish. Peter appears very judgmental and
pompous (for example, he called the Lost Boys "blockheads" and
when the Darling children say that they capture captain hook at once,
he gets the wrong message and angrily assumes that they want to trap
captain hook).
"Peter spoke indignantly. You dont think I would kill em
while he was sleeping! I would wake him first, and then kill
em. That the way I always do (Page 45).
c) Peter Pan is fairly sensitive

Peter Pan is fairly sensitive about the subject of "growing up".
When confronted by Hook about Wendy growing up, marrying and
eventually "shutting the window" on Peter. He becomes very
depressed and finally refuses to flight.
Then she turned up the light, and Peter saw, He gave a cry of pain
and when the tall beautiful creature stopped to lift him in her arms he
drew back sharply. I am old, Peter, I am ever so much more than
twenty. I grew up a long ago. Page183
30
d) Peter-Pan immaturity
The Peter-Pan psychological type is one characterized by
immaturity or certain sorts of psychological, social, and sexual
problems. The type of personality in question, usually male, is
immature and narcissistic. More completely, according to the writer,
the characteristics of a "Peter-Pan" include such attributes as
irresponsibility, rebelliousness, pottering about, anger, narcissism,
dependency, manipulative ness, and the belief that he is beyond
society's laws and norms. According to writer, "Peter Pan" is the adult
little boy who, when in a relationship or in seeking a relationship, acts
out a need for mothering.
In Jim Barries book, likened the characters of Peter Pan has a
dysfunctional co-dependent family.
Did they really feel hungry at times, or were they merely
pretending because Peter has such jolly new way of feeding
them? His way was to pursue birds that had food in their
mouth suitable for human and snatch it form them, then the
birds would follow and snatch it back, and they would all go
chasing each other gaily for miles, paring at last mutual
expression of good-will. (Page 40)
e) Peter Pan can fly

This is Peter Pan's most notable magical ability. He first flew
when he was seven days old. He is the only character able to fly
without fairy dust. Peter is a rather remarkable boy who is able to fly
by the force of powerful happiness within which as he says can lift
you into the air.
31
Peter can you really fly? The Peter flew around the room,
taking the mantel piece on the way. It looked delightfully
easy, and they tried it for the first floor and then for the
beds, but they always went home on stead of up, I say how
you do it? asked John, rubbing his knee. (Page 36)
f) Peter is an amazing swordsman

Peter is an amazing swordsman; he has the skill to rival even
Captain Hook, who is said to be the bosun of Black beard. He also
claims to have killed Barbecue with his sword. Peter is also the one
who cut off Hooks right hand while mid-duel with him.
Without more words they fell to and for a space there was
no advantage to either blade. Peter was a superb
swordsman, and parried with dazzling rapidity ever and
anon he follow up a feint with a huge that got past his foes
defenses (Page 158)
g) Peter Pan has high sense

Peter is known to be able to see in the dark of night. This is
shown when he is able to scan the ground of Neverland while flying
high in the air. He is also able to hear the Pirates approaching the
Mermaid Lagoon while they are still a distance away. Peter has the
ability to sense life in others when they are unconscious.
It was well for those boys then that there was one among them
who could sniff danger even in his sleep. Peter sprang erect, as wide
awake at once as a dog, and with one warning cry he aroused the
others. He stand motionless, one hand to his ear, Pirate! he cried.
(Page 88)
32
h) Peter Pan is a happy person

It is now confirmed that Peter Pan can fly but in one condition,
he must have a happy feeling inside his heart. This can be seen in
the following statement.
"I'm youth, I'm joy," Peter answered at a venture, "I'm a
little bird that has broken out of the egg." (Page 158)
This can be proves that Peter Pan can fly when he was in joy
or happiness.
i) Peter Pan is responsibility

Wendy plants to go home to England because she misses her
father and mother. Peter does not want to loser her, so he has a
charming arrangement planned in order Wendy does not leave him.
His plan is that Peter works together with Tink. They fly to the
nursery where Wendy stays. Then Peter asks Tink to close the
window, he thinks that when Wendy comes, she will think her mother
has barred her out and finally she will go back to him. But when he
sees Wendys mother, he feels pity of her. Because when he sees her,
she is still crying. At last, he opens the window. He cries to Tink to go
back to the never land that they does not need any silly mother.
Peters first words tell all. Quick, Tink, he whispered,
close the window; bar it. Thats right. Now you and I must
get away by the door; and when Wendy comes she will
have to go back with me. He peeped in again to see why
the music had stooped; and now he saw that Mrs. Darling
had laid her head on the box, and that two tears were
sitting on her eyes. She wants me to unbar the window,
33
thought peter, but I wont, not I. he peed again, and the

tears were still there, or another to had taken their place.
Oh, all right, he said at least, and gulped. Then he
unbarred the window. Come on, Tink, he cried, with a
frightful sneer at the laws of nature: we dont want any
silly mothers and he flew away (page 168-169).
j) Peter Pan is brave
Hook is the captain of pirates; he is the only man that the seacook fears. He is black beards Bo sun. He is the worst of them all. He
treats his crew as dogs, and his crew obeys him as dogs also. Hook
wants to dominate the never land, so that he is the enemy of Peter.
Between them, there is big hate. Peter has to defeat Hook in order that
the Never land is peaceful.
By his smartness, Peter can defeat Captain Hook. In the fight
he stabs Hooks ribs twice. His smartness is that he can counter his
enemy rapidly followed by his sudden attack to knock down. Because
Peter forces him, so he uses his iron hook, which has been pawing the
air. But Peter can avoid his thrust that he doubles under it, then lunging
fiercely. In the right time he pierces him in the ribs. The sword falls
from Hooks hand and he is at Peter mercy. Afterwards peter asks
Hook to pick up his swords. Hook does so instantly. He fights now like
a human flail. Every sweep of the terrible sword can severe someone
who obstruct it; but Peter flutters round him as if the very wind it
makes blow him out of the danger zone. And again and again he darts
in and pricks. Finally Hook is fighting now without hope. He rushes to
abandon the fight into the powder magazine and fired it. He threatens
34
that in two minutes the ship will be blown to pieces. Without waiting
longer, peter takes the shell from the powder magazine and calmly
flings it overboard. After there is nothing can show by Hook, he casts
himself into the sea.
Without more words they feel to and for a space there was
no advantage to either blade. Peter was a superb
swordsman, and parried with dazzling rapidity; ever and
anon he follow up a feint with a lunge that got past his
foes defense. Hook found this thrust turn a side again and
again. Then he sought to close and give the quiets with his
iron hook, which all this time had been pawing the air; but
Peter doubled under it and, lunging fiercely, pierced him
in the ribs. Then the swords feel from Hooks hand, and he
was at Peters mercy, but with a magnificent gesture Peter
invited his opponent to pick up his swords. Hook did it so
instantly, but he fought now like a human flail, and every
sweep of that terrible sword would have severed in twain
any man or boy who obstructed it; but peter fluttered
round him as if the very wind it made blew him out of the
danger zone. And again he darted in and pricked (page:
158-159).
k) Peter Pan can sleeps in the air without falling

Peters ability to sleep in the air without falling is apart of his
smartness. He does it, by only lying on his back and floating, because
he is so light that he can sleep in the air without falling.
He could sleep in the air without falling, by merely lying
on his back and floating, but this was, partly at least,
because he was so light (page: 40)
l) Peter Pan can easily knows pirates position

Pirates are Peters enemy. They are Hooks crew. They always
obey Hooks order.
35
To know pirates position is very important for Peter and his

band. It is very important because Peter and his band can prepare by
them selves and arrange the strategies to face them.
When Peter and the other boys sleep on Marooners Rock,
suddenly Peter gets up from his sleep because he can sniff danger even
in his sleep. After he prejudice is right, he arouses the others with one
warning cry. He stands motionless, one hand to his ear. Pirates! he
cries.
It was well for those boys then that there was one among
them who could sniff danger even in his sleep. Peter
sprang erect, as wide-awake at once as a dog, and with
one warning cry he aroused the others. He stood
motionless, one hand to his ear. Pirate! (Page: 88).
m) Peter Pan is smart

When Peter flies on the sea and sees the shark, he shows his
smartness by flying close to the water and than touch each sharks tail
in passing, it is like when someone is in the street, he/she may run
his/her finger a long an iron railing. Among Wendy, john and Michael
cannot follow him in this with much success.
When playing follow my leader, Peter would fly close to
the water and touch each sharks tail in passing, just as in
the street you may run your finger a long an iron railing.
They could not follow him in this with success, so perhaps
it was rather like showing off, especially as he kept
looking behind to see how many tails they missed.
(page:41).
36
4.2
Discussion
Farida (1996) in her thesis namely An Analysis of Peter Pan Smartness on
J.M Barries Novel concludes that Peter pan is a really smart boy. It can be seen
on her conclusion that most of the plays in the novel are about the smartness of
Peter pan himself starting from the fight with Captain Hook that he won in a very
smart way (using the wind and the help of his heart that is always happy).
This can be the similarity on the writer thesis that even consider only the
characteristics of the Peter Pan, the writer thesis also reveal about the
characteristics but inside of the writers thesis it also refers to the smartness of the
Peter Pan also. When the writer revealing about the fight between Peter Pan and
Captain Hook, Farida (2006) also tries to reveal it but it is about the smartness. As
stated on page 158-159:
Without more words they fell to, and for a space there was no
advantage to either blade. Peter was a superb swordsman, and
parried with dazzling rapidity; ever and anon he followed up a
feint with a lunge that got past his foe's defense, but his shorter
reach stood him in ill stead, and he could not drive the steel
home. Hook, scarcely his inferior in brilliancy, but not quite so
nimble in wrist play, forced him back by the weight of his onset,
hoping suddenly to end all with a favorite thrust, taught him long
ago by Barbecue at Rio; but to his astonishment he found this
thrust turned aside again and again. Then he sought to close and
give the quietus with his iron hook, which all this time had been
pawing the air; but Peter doubled under it and, lunging fiercely,
pierced him in the ribs. At the sight of his own blood, whose
peculiar color, you remember, was offensive to him, the sword fell
from Hook's hand, and he was at Peter's mercy. (Page 158)
At this rate, we can assume that captain Hook already falls into Peter Pan
traps and then he lost the battle with Peter Pan. Peter Pan is really using his
37
smartness by defeating Captain Hook in a single blow using his superb ability in
using sword.
"Now!" cried all the boys, but with a magnificent gesture Peter
invited his opponent to pick up his sword. Hook did so instantly,
but with a tragic feeling that Peter was showing good form.
Hitherto he had thought it was some fiend fighting him, but
darker suspicions assailed him now.
With above sentence, we knew that Captain Hook suddenly following

what Peter Pan already done. Captain Hook is defeated. Captain Hook realizes
that the difference between him and Peter Pan not only on the size but also on
the brain which means the smartness between two of them.
This, of course, was nonsense; but it was proof to the unhappy

Hook that Peter did not know in the least who or what he was,
which the very pinnacle of good form is.
"To't again," he cried despairingly.
He fought now like a human flail, and every sweep of that terrible
sword would have severed in twain any man or boy who
obstructed it; but Peter fluttered round him as if the very wind it
made blew him out of the danger zone. And again and again he
darted in and pricked.
Both of the writers reveal about the same thing that is Peter Pan can defeat
Captain Hook which means, according to the writer thesis this means that Peter
Pan is really strong because he can defeats Captain Hook that actually twice as big
as him. But in the Faridas thesis states that this is because the smartness of Peter
Pan so that he can defeats Captain Hook.
Another similarity on the thesis is about the responsibility side of Peter Pan
38
that can be seen on the page 128-129:

A chill fell upon them; and serve them right.
"It is very careless of mother," said that young scoundrel
John, "not to be here when we come back."
It was then that Mrs. Darling began playing again.
"It's mother!" cried Wendy, peeping.
So it is!" said John.
"Then are you not really our mother, Wendy?" asked Michael, who
was surely sleepy.
"Oh dear!" exclaimed Wendy, with her first real twinge of
remorse [for having gone], "it was quite time we came back."
"Let us creep in," John suggested, "and put our hands over her
eyes."
From the statements above we can analyze that the responsibility can bee
seen on the sentences when Peter Pan lets Wendy and her brothers to go home.
Peter Pan not heavy hearted leaving Wendy and her brothers to meet with their
parents.
"George, George!" she cried when she could speak; and Mr.
Darling woke to share her bliss, and Nana came rushing in. There
could not have been a lovelier sight; but there was none to see
it except a little boy who was staring in at the window. He had
had ecstasies innumerable that other children can never know; but
he was looking through the window at the one joy from which he
must be for ever barred.
On this sentence, this can be seen that the darling children are home
because of the help of Peter Pan that flew them home on ship. As the captain of
the lost boy and the Neverland leader this is the task that Peter pan must do
because of the responsibility.
Peter Pan as the major character in this novel is a young boy and stay in the
jungle by adventuring. He is a boy that never grows up, because he live in
Neverland and he hate being a growth person, moreover, he thinks that being an
adult will cost him a lot of problems.
39
Beside that, Peter Pan is a responsible person. It can be seen when he set
Wendy, John, and Michael to their home. Other physiological characteristic of
Peter pan is optimistic person in beating captain hook and it happen when he tries
to kill captain hook at the war in the Neverland.
4.3
Moral Issues on Peter Pans Novel

How the reader can find the moral issues on the literature that they read can
be the problem and a real mess if the reader cannot determine the meaning or
moral first. Generally, morality is a system of rules that modifies our behavior in
social situations. It's about the doing of good instead of harm, and it sets some
standard of virtuous conduct.
When asked about morality, many people respond like this: "Oh, that's all
just a matter of personal opinion anyway, right?" But if you look at the way in
which moral values actually work in our everyday lives, you'll see that this is not
the case. Personal intuitions are important, of course. But morality generally
comes into play when people interact with each other. This suggests that morality
is a system of "shared" values which "justify" actions. As such, morality is about
deciding on best courses of action in all situations. As you'll see, there are
quotation marks around the words "shared" and "justify" for a reason.
Moral values are generally shared values. If we did not have values in
common, it would be exceedingly difficult to agree on any one course of action.
But since there is often disagreement as to what is the right thing to do in any
situation, we can see that in fact, various values are shared to a greater or lesser
40
extent. On some values there will be nearly unanimous agreement. On others,

there may be considerable disagreement.
There are a number of moral values on which there is extremely wide
agreement. For example, all cultures that I know of place value on truth-telling,
and place strong restrictions on lying. As another example, all cultures of which I
am aware have rules against doing unnecessary harm to other people (although
they vary regarding what constitutes "unnecessary harm"). Other such shared
values include (among many others) loyalty, justice, and promise- keeping.
There probably is no generally correct answer to questions like, "Which is
more important, telling the truth or preventing harm?" A lot depends on context.
In some cases, it is probably more important to tell the truth. In others, it is
probably more important to prevent harm. A number of factors make up the
context, including factors of time and place, the type and nature of the
relationships involved other people's reasonable expectations, and the relevant
history of the situation.
In the Peter Pan novel the moral issues are
1. Chapter 1 up to Chapter 3:
a. The children should not push over by the parents, because this condition
can be a perfect trigger for their growing personality from the children
ages into teenager or adult.
b. Growing up is not that bad, because being a parents is the children future
task. So, this is merely a choice between being a children or an adult.
2. Chapter 4 up to Chapter 5:
41
When Peter came, it means the dream of the children can be fulfilled by
following him into the Neverland, but as the reality there is no place such as
Neverland and the only thing that left is the parents as children place to hide
form anything that angered them and also as the place to get love from as
children needs love.
3. Chapter 6 up to Chapter 8
a. Friendship never end, which means when people grows up, they tends to
meet anyone that related to their life. Connecting with another people,
caring with another people, knowing what is good and bad, and taking
some responsibility in their life and another thing that happen in the life
time.
b. When knowing someone, better for us to get know it very well, which
means when meeting with someone we should know whether he/she is a
good person or not
c. In the other hands, when looking for some friends better for us to have
bough information for the first time we met. But sometimes we dont have
to see from the appearance of the people because sometimes what we see
is not what we get.
a. Sometimes when people get angry, the condition will affect the ability of
the human itself.
b. In chapter ten, the thought of the human life will vary if someone gives an
option to choose. This thought will led into the human heart which cause
42
he human choose whether it is good or not because of the condition.
c. In facing some option, we should widely thinking about what we will get
for what we choose.
a. Good and evil always side by side together, because when someone
choosing bad side there will be a good side so that it will give balance in
life
a. Giving up on hope is not wise concerning to the situation; we should keep
our hope alive because this will be our objective in getting our
achievement in life.
a. When we are in the winning side, we should forget what we are in the first
time. Gives extra effort in everything we have, will gives us extra
supporting doing something.
8. Chapter 19
a. Parting away is a life candle in human love-life.
b. Being parents is not about how to live for their children but also how to
raise the children in the good way and also how to cares the children.
c. From the beginning of the human life, growing up will be an option
whether the human now it or not.
43
The same thing about the researcher thesis from the previous study is
about the characteristic of Peter Pan but in the ability parts. Both of the writers
conclude that Peter Pan is most notable in magical ability. He first flew when he
was seven days old. He is the only character able to fly without fairy dust. Peter is
a rather remarkable boy who is able to fly by the force of powerful happiness
within which as he says can lift you into the air.
Peter is also an amazing swordsman he has the skill to rival even Captain
Hook, who is said to be the bosun of Blackbeard. He also claims to have killed
Barbecue with his sword. Peter is also the one who cut off Hooks right hand while
mid-duel with him. Peter Pan has displayed skill in mimicry by copying the voice
of Hook, and the tick tock of the Crocodile, perfectly.
Peter is known to be able to see in the dark of night. This is shown when
he is able to scan the ground of Neverland while flying high in the air. He is also
able to hear the Pirates approaching the Mermaid Lagoon while they are still a
distance away. Peter has the ability to sense life in others when they are
unconscious.
On the Peter Pan novel, most of the time the researcher finds that in the
Neverland world never be the same with the reality world. In the Peter Pans
world, there only happiness which takes rule on its world, for example Peter can
fly using his happiness energy and most of the characters in the novel are
children (in this case the world of children still full of happiness and never know
about reality problems in the real world).
44
Actually, living in happiness is fine. But as human (social creatures) we

need to get along with others. And as the time goes, we also must face the
problems in reality such as sad, quarrel, disappointment, etc. Because as human
being we need to endure ourselves with many things, so we also need to know
such things not only happiness but anything.
As in the Peter Pans novel, the moral issues of the novel tend to make the
readers think about the capability and ability of Jim Barrie in accommodating the
thought of imaginary world. Living in happiness is fine, but sometimes we must
acknowledge that problems and reality is as same as with happiness. They grow
together inside of human development. As the happiness grows there will be
sadness, problems, needs, etc.
As a social reality, Peter Pan should know that every person has the right
to have what they want. People need to marry someone they love; they need to
development their own world as they passing their ages in reality world. Beating
the Captain Hook, is resemble the power of will win against oddity. Such as when
we measure our selves, about our kindness compare with other people.
Final inferential is that actually Barrie wants us to remember for the
importance of world in the imaginative novel. Victory of Peter Pan as symbol
kindness and Captain Hook as symbol wicked strength beckons the mentioned;
that human always hope can beat problems alive that befall it. Although that
imaginary world is important but as touched above he haves ambiguous (double)
meaning and can be matter negative.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
This chapter discusses the conclusion and suggestion based on the analysis
of Peter Pan novel by J.M Barrie
5.1
Conclusion
In this part the writer tries to make her conclusion from the analysis
written in chapter four, based on the problem of the study in chapter one. After the
writer investigated the whole story, she is able to draw a conclusion, the main
character in Peter Pan novel is Peter Pan himself, and Peter Pan has very stable
character. Character of Peter Pan is a good boy, when he overcomes a series of
unfortunates, and miserable of his life, but he still shows his good attitudes to
everyone, that he loves all. Peter Pan has a strong body. He can defeat Captain
Hook when happened war in Neverland.
Moreover, the major characters such as Captain Hook, Tinker Bell,
Wendy, and the Lost Boy are often come in the end of the part in the Peter Pan
novel by J.M Barrie. The parts of the major characters are as the main story of the
novel because without them the novel wont have any conclusion. In further
investigation, there will be only Peter Pan and also Captain Hook.
In other side Peter Pan was called as human a fear grow up because he
considered that an adult always have a complicated problem and he tends to
45
46
always to be a child that always be happy every time and he never wants to get so
many problems in his life likes an adult people.
We can take moral value from Peter Pan novel is good is always defeat
evil. Moreover, solidarity refers to everyone which why Peter Pan is considerable
a leader that can be follows by their people.
Human being must face the problems as they grow. As a social part in life,
human being will eventually grow from baby till old, marrying someone, develop
their own family, etc. Those things will eventually come to their life and we must
brave to face that reality, and we should. We must face the problems and we
should not avoid it, and not in all time we only care about our happiness like Peter
Pan in Neverland.
5.2
Suggestion
This novel is analyzed from the social approach where it related with
human interaction in real life. People can learn many things about human being
and the environment.
As he writer this research based on the analysis on the Peter Pan novel by
J.M Barrie, hopefully this analysis is useful for students who want to learn
literature as an additional material to enlarge their knowledge above social stay,
the way they make relation ship and the way to adapt with other society.
For the teacher, the novel can also be used as material in teaching and
learning especially reading class where the students can try to comprehend and to
47
grasp the content of the novel. Additionally the students will get knowledge about
life.
Since this novel is much interesting this could be used as another source to
conduct further analyzes either social approach or other aspects to get insight of
the novel.
The use of media such as internet and also the related biography actually
will be a helpful to the next researcher as the writer does. Finally, the writer also
suggest to do the deepen research about analyzing the fiction novel by selecting
the correct theme to be search and also for the next researcher should use the
internet when they feel difficult in completing their research.
REFERENCES
Aminuddin, 1987. Pengantar Apresiasi Karya Sastra. Bandung. PT Sinar Baru

Barrie, James Matthew. 1990. The Story of Peter Pan. New York, Prentice Hall
Inc.
Collin,
Swatridge. 1989. Alternive English Literature

Leckhampton Chelthenham, Englsnd: Stenley Torres.
Course
Work.
Encyclopedia Free. 2005. Definition of Literature. New York (online)

(http://ne.wikipedia/literature.html.wikipedia_group)
Hornby, AS. 1989. Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford
University.
Jones, E.H. 1989. Outline of Literature: Short Story, Novel and Poems. New
York: The Macmillan
Kenney, William. 1966. How to Analyze Fiction. New York. Monarch Press
Koesnosoebroto, Drs. Soenaryo Basoeki, MA. 1998. The Anatomy of Porse
Fiction. Jakarta: Proyek Pengembangan Lembaga Pendidikan Tenaga
Kependidikan.
Lethbridge, Stefanie. 1998. Basic of English Studies: An Introductory Course
for Students of Literature Studies in English. University of Tubingen,
Stuttgart and Freiburg.
Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa Departmen Pendidikan Nasional
Republik Indonesia. 2001. Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia
Yang Benar Disemprunakan dan Pedoman Umum Pelaksanaan
Pembentukan Istilah. Banding: CV Yrama Widya
Robert, Edgar. 2001. Literature: An introduction to Reading and Writing. Sixth
Edition. New Jersey. Prentice Hall
Robert, Edgar. 2003. Writing about Literature. Tenth Edition. New Jersey.
Prentice Hall.
Swatridge, Colin. 1989. Alternative English Literature. England Stanley
Thornes.
APPENDIX
A. Biography of Author
JAMES MATTHEW BARRIE (1860-1937). A highly successful novelist
and playwright in this time Barrie is now best known for his magical story of Peter
Pan. He was born in Kirremuir in Scotland in 1860, the son of a handloom weaver.
He received his education at Dumfries and later attended Edinburgh University,
from where he graduated in 1882. He started work as a journalist writing for the
Nottingham Shire journal but later moved to London, where he concentrated on his
own writing and published several collections of stories and novels including Aultd
licht idylls, A window in thrums and the little minister. These drew heavily on his
life in Scotland and thrums was based on his hometown of Kirremuir. The success
he had with this stories brought him fame as a novelist. In 1891 his first play,
Richard savage, was performed. In 1894 Barrie married the actress Marry Ansell
but the marriage was not extremely happy and finally ended in divorce in 1909. One
of the most revealing books that Barrie wrote, Tommy and Grizel, appeared in 1900
and contains elements of his later internationally famous play, peter pan. After the
death of his friend Arthur Llewellyn Davies and his wife Sylvia, their five orphaned
sons come to live with Barrie. The idea of Peter Pan actually comes from stories he
made up to amuse them. It was performed in 1904 and was such a success that it
became and annual Christmas event, produced almost every December for the next
sixty years .in 1911 Barrie wrote peter pan in novel form. His other plays include
what every woman knows, a highly successful play with a political background, first
performed in 1906, Dear Brutus (1917) and Mary rose (1920). James barriers was
made a baronet, awarded the order of merit and received several honorary degrees.
He died 1937, leaving the copyright of his beloved childrens story to the Great
Ormond Street Hospital for sick children in London.
B. SYNOPSIS OF PETER PAN

It happened in London that there was a family. This family consisted of
Mr. Darling and Mrs. Darling. They had three children. They were Wendy, John
and Michael. Mrs. Darling always told stories to her children before they slept.
Among the stories were about Peter Pan story so that they believed that Peter Pan
was true. Peter Pan was a lovely boy that he did not want to become a man. He
just wanted to be a little boy ad to be fun. He had no mother, he thought them very
overrated persons. He runs away the day he was born. It was because he heard his
father and mother talking about he was to be when he become a man. He was
agitated now. So he run away to Kensington Gardens and lived a long time among
the fairies. One night Peter visited Wendys house. Peter visited that house
because Wendy, John and Michael believed in him. Peter was accompanied by
tinker bell. Tinker bell was a kind of fairy. No longer than your hand, but still
growing. When the first baby laugh broke into a thousand pieces, and they all
went skipping about, and that was beginning fairies. There ought to be one fairy
for every boy and girl. Her name was Tinker Bell because she mended the pots
and kettle. Peter come the nursery, he looked for his shadow. At that moment
Wendy, John and Michael was still sleeping. Because of the noisy that Peter done
so it made Wendy woke up. First meeting between Peter and Wendy were run
well. Wendy helped Peter in sewing the shadow. Peter knew that Wendy had a lot
of stories. Because of this Peter invited Wendy to never land. Then Wendy is
followed John and Michael too. Peter taught them to fly in order they could go to
never land. Finally the adventure all of them began. Long journey they found
something that they do not found before it. Peter showed his smartness when he
was flying like he taught how to eat in the air, touched each sharks tail in passing,
slept in the air without falling. And his smartness in helping Michael would fallen
down because his sleep.
After long journey, at last they arrived in the never land. In the night because
of tinker bell could not fly as slowly as them so she had go around and around as
in a halo. It caused the pirate sight them. Then Peter had a good idea which think
had to be carried with hat. Tink agreed to eat it. Because Peter was still haunting
the pirates, he suggested Tink to carry Wendy to the secret place that Peter had .It
was a chance for think to kill Wendy. She had to purpose because she was jealous
with Wendy. After knowing Wendy, Peter did not care her more. Then she asked
the lost boys because they were the children who had fallen out of their
perambulators when the nurse was looking the other way. If the were not claimed
in seven days they were sent far away to the never land to defers expenses. They
were tootles, slightly, curly, nibs and the twins. But it was not succeed because
Wendy could be saved by Peter at the time when Wendy needed it.
The lost boys were very happy with Wendy. They considered her as a
mother. The next moment Peter invited Wendy to see the mermaids lagoon.
Peter, Wendy, John, Michael and the lost boy slept on the marooners rock.
Suddenly they got up because he could sniff danger in spite of in his sleep. Then
they met the pirates. Those pirates kidnapped Tiger Lily. The pirates were Smee
and Starkey. The pirates were captain hooks crew. They always obeyed what
captain hooks order in spite of hook treated them as dog and they obeyed him as
dog also. They wanted to kill tiger Lily because she entered hooks ship with a
knife in her mouth. Tiger Lily was a red skin. She was a princess of the chief.
With Peters smartness, he could save her. On ordinary occasion, John, Michael
and the lost boys swung a long side cheering; but now they were uneasy, for they
had lost both Peter and Wendy.
After Peter arrived at the home under the tree, it made him happy. But
Wendy asked Peter that she wanted to go home. Peter felt sad. Than he asked
tinker bell point the way back to London. For the moment tinker went out from
the home under the tree, she was flying nearer the tree. Suddenly the pirates
attacked the lost boys, Wendy, John, and Michael. All of tem were caught by
hooks crew except Tinker Bell who were on the air and Peter who was still
sleeping in the home under the tree. Then they were brought in the hooks ship.
They were tied in order prevent from their flying away.
Peter did not know about this. He just slept in the home under the tree
because of his tired. Then Tink came in and told Peter that Wendy, John, Michael
and the lost boy was caught by hook. Directly Peter wanted to save them. Without
waiting longer, Peter go to the pirates ship where all his friends. Then he had to
face hook too. But finally he could defeat captain hook too.
After Peter won the fight, he dominated the pirates ship with the lost boys
and Wendy, John, Michael. But Peter has another idea for Wendy because he
wanted her not leave him. Peter and Tink together in order Wendy no to go home
but it was not successful because he had a good heart. At the end Wendy, John
and Michael went home with the lost boys go with him. Peter followed too but he
did not want to be grown up, so he came back to Neverland with Tink.
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name
: Purwati
Place/Date of birth
: Bengkalis/28 Desember 1983
Martial Status
: Single
Religion
: Muslim
Address
: Bandar Jaya Bengkalis Riau
Formal Education
SDN 064 Hidup Baru Riau (1990-1996)
SLTP 5 Bina Baru Riau (1996-1999)
SMU Diponegoro Malang (2000-2003)
Faculty of Teacher Training And Education

Kanjuruhan University Of Malang (2003-2008)
54

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A LITERARY STUDY

ON THE MAIN CHARACTER AND

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

KANJURUHAN UNIVERSITY OF MALANG

This thesis is presented as the requirement fulfillment for the

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

KANJURUHAN UNIVERSITY OF MALANG

Malang, 3 August 2008

Like Raskova Oktabelina S.Pd, M.Ed

Agus Sholeh S.Pd

Drs. Slamet Rianto, M.Pd

Like Raskova Otabelina S.Pd, M.Ed

The undersign, here with I

: Jl. Simpang Borobudur Utara 9

: Teacher Training and Education

Declares that the present Sarjanas thesis describes original research

This thesis is dedicated to:

Purwati, 2008. A Literary Study on the Main Character and Characterization

Approval Sheets ...............................................................................................

Examining Agreement ....................................................................................

Declaration of Authorship ...............................................................................

Dedicated Paper ..............................................................................................

1.2 Statement of the Problems........................................................................

1.3 Purpose of the Study.................................................................................

1.4 Significance of the Study..........................................................................

1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study ...........................................................

1.6 Definition of the key Terms .....................................................................

CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.2 Literary Genre ..........................................................................................

2.2.1 Novel ..............................................................................................

2.2.2 The Element of The Novel..............................................................

2.2.2.1 Extrinsic Element..............................................................

2.2.2.2 Intrinsic Element...............................................................

2.3 Definition of Characteristic .....................................................................

2.3.1 Kinds Of Characterization ............................................................

2.4 Characters and Characterization ..............................................................

2.5 Moral Development .................................................................................

2.6 Previous Research of the Study................................................................

CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHOD

3.2 Subject and Object of the Study ...............................................................

3.3 Instruments ...............................................................................................

3.4 Data Collection and Data Analysis ..........................................................

CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION

4.1.1 Characters of The Peter Pan ......................................................

4.1.2 Major Character ............................................................................

a) Peter Pan is mainly selfish person ..........................................

b) Peter has a nonchalant attitude ................................................

c) Peter Pan is fairly sensitive ....................................................

d) Peter-Pan immaturity ..............................................................

e) Peter Pan can fly .....................................................................

f) Peter is an amazing swordsman ..............................................

g) Peter Pan has high sense .........................................................

h) Peter Pan is a happy person ....................................................

i) Peter Pan is responsibility ......................................................

j) Peter Pan is brave ...................................................................

k) Peter Pan can sleeps in the air without falling ........................

l) Peter Pan can easily knows pirates position ..........................

m) Peter Pan is smart ...................................................................

Moral Issues in Peter Pans Novel .........................................................

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. BIOGRAPHY OF THE AUTHORSHIP ..................................................

B. SYNOPSIS OF THE STUDY ..................................................................

C. CURRICULUM VITAE ..........................................................................