Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Official Pharmacopeia
- USP 37/ NF 32
COMMINUTION TECHNIQUE
1.
2.
a.
b.
Bottles:
Amber Affected by the presence of light
Flint not affected by light
Wide mouth very viscous
- 2 phase system
POWDERS
- Mixture of finely divided drugs or chemicals in
drug form
- May be used internally or externally
ADVANTAGES
- Flexibility of compounding
- Good chemical stability
- Rapid dispersion of ingredients
DISADVANTAGES
- Time consuming preparations
- Inaccuracy of dose
- Unsuitably for many unpleasant tasting,
hydroscopic and deliquescent drugs
1. Sieving
2. Microscopy optical microscope to check the
particle size
3. Sedimentation rate big particles easy to fall (to
calculate: stokes law)
4. Light energy diffraction or Light scattering
5. Laser holography
6. Cascade impaction
USP STANDARDS FOR POWDERS OF ANIMAL
VEGETABLE DRUGS
Type of Powder
Page 1
Very coarse
Coarse
#20
Moderately
coarse
Fine
#40
Very Fine
#80
#60
Sieve size %
particles pass
through
20% through #60
sieve
40% through #60
sieve
40% through #80
sieve
40% through
#100 sieve
No limit
Sieve size %
particles pass
through
60% through #40
sieve
60% through #60
sieve
No limit
No limit
Spatulation
Trituration reducing and mixing
Geometric dilution equally distributed
Also used to mix potent substances
Sifting light, fluffy powder
Tumbling Large scale
Page 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
Flow well
More stable to atmospheric humidity
Less likely to harden upon standing
Easily wetted by liquid
METHOD OF PREPARATION
1. Dry or Fusion method
2. Wet method
CHOCOLATE BASE Ca LOZENGES
Dietary Reference intake for calcium
AGE
mg/day
TOLERABLE
UPPER INTAKE
LEVEL (mg/day)
Infants (0-6 mos)
200
1000
Infants (6-12
260
1500
mos.)
Children (1-3
700
2500
yrs)
Children (4-8
1000
2500
yrs)
Adolescent (9-18
1300
3000
yrs)
Adult M/F (19-50
1000
2500
yrs)
Adult males (511000
2000
70 yrs)
Adult females
1200
2000
(51-70 yrs)
Adult >70 yrs
1200
2000
Pregnancy and Lactation
14- 18 yrs
1300
3000
19-50 yrs
1000
2500
METHOD OF PREPARATION
Sulfur dioxide (0.15%) prevents or avoids
decomposition during manufacturing of soft gel
capsules.
1. Hand Rolled
Advantage:
- Do not require special calculations
- Special equipment is not required
Disadvantage:
- Preparing and forming requires experience and
good techniques
2. Fusion or molding
000
Advantage:
- Better tasting lozenges
- Elegant appearance
Disadvantage:
- Special molds are required
- Special skills, experience and care required
- Not applicable for heat sensitive substance
3 TYPES OF LOZENGES:
-
1. Hard Lozenges
Made from syrups of sucrose and other sugars
or carbohydrates that are boiled
Moisture content is 0.5% to 1.5%
Preparing is similar to candy making
2. Soft Lozenges
Made from flavored fatty base such as
chocolate, polyethylene glycol (PEG) base and
sugar acacia base
7.5 gr
5 gr
4 gr
3 gr
2 gr
1 gr
(smallest)
ASPIRIN CAPSULES
Capsules solid dosage form in which active ingredients
are enclosed in a gelatin capsule
Gelatin capsule made up of gelatin, water, (colorant),
opacifying agent (TiO2)
2 TYPES OF CAPSULES
1. Hard gel capsule / dry filled capsule (OFC)
- Made up of gelatin, sugar and water
Charmaine Joyce M. Matias
00
15 gr
(largest)
10 gr
Page 3
1. Plate Process
2. Rotary or Reciprocating Process
3. Accogel Capsule Machine