Data Collection and Results

With Glass
Time (Min)

Temperature (C)
Absorber inlet

Absorber outlet

Water

24

24

25

26

25

25

26

26

25

27

27

25

27

27.5

25

27

28

25

27

29

25

27

29.2

25

27

29.8

25

27

30

25

10

27

30.5

25

11

27

31

25

12

27

31

25

13

27

31

25

14

27

31

26.5

15

27

31

27

Without Glass
Time (Min)
Time (Min)
0

Water
26
Water

26.5
26
27
30
27.2
50
27.2
53.9
27.5
54
27.9
54

30.2
29
30.8
29.2
31
31
31
36
32
38.5
32
40

26
59
26
58.5
26
58
26
56
26
56
26.2
55

67

5428

32.3
42

26.2
54

28
54

32.6
43.5

26.5
53.5

28
54

33
46

26.7
53

10
9

28
55

33.1
46

26.7
52

11
10

28
55

33.1
46.8

26.9
52

12
11

28
54

33.1
48

27
51.5

13
12
14
13
15
14

28
54
28
54
28
53

33.1
48
33.1
48
33.1
48.5

27
51
27
51
27.2
50.5

15

53

Temperature (C)
Natural Air with Glass
Absorber inlet
Absorber outlet
Temperature (C)
26
30
Absorber inlet
Absorber outlet

2
1
2
3
4

3
4
5
6

7
8

49

50

Natural Air without Glass

Time (Min)

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Absorber inlet
Time (Min)
40
Time (Min)
49
0
56
1
057.5
2
157.5
3
257.5
4
3 56
5
4
6 56
5
55
67
54.5
8
7 54
9
8

54
10
9
53
11
10
52.5
12
1152
13
1252
14
13
15
14
15

Temperature (C)
With blower With Glass
Absorber outlet
Water
Temperature (C)
With
Blower
Without
Glass 61
45
Absorber inlet
Absorber outlet
Temperature (C)
45
61
54
44
Absorber inlet
Absorber outlet
46
59.5
53
46
37
47.5
48
59
57
47
49
58.5
50
45
56
48
50
58
55
44
55
49
51
57.5
55
44
55
50
54
44
51
56.5
55
51
53
45
52
56
55
51
53
45
54
52.5
54
52
53
52
53
52
52
51
50
51
49
59
48
48.5
48

52
52
52
52
52
52
52

52
45
52
45
52
45
51
45
51
44.5
51
44.5
51
44
51
44
44

55.5
55
55
54.5
54
53.5
53

Water
62
Water
61
60
60
62
59
61
58
59
57.8
58
57
57.5
56.5
56.5
56
56.5
55.5
55.5
54.5
55
54
55
53.5
54.5
53.5
54.5
53
54.5
52
54
54

The value of useful power, PN and efficiency for each condition for every minute.
Part A
With Glass:
Time(Min

Pn

Efficiency

)
0

-418.6

3.49

418.6

3.49

209.3

1.74

418.6

3.49

837.2

6.98

920.92

7.67

1172.08

9.78

1255.8

10.47

10

1465.1

12.2

11

1674.4

13.95

12

1674.4

13.95

13

1674.4

13.95

14

1674.4

13.95

15

1674.4

13.95

Without Glass:
Time(Min
)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Pn
1674.4
1548.82
1590.68
1590.68
1590.68
1883.7
1716.26
1799.98
1925.56
2093
2134.86
2134.86
2134.86
2134.86
2134.86
2134.86

Efficiency
13.95
12.39
13.26
13.26
13.26
15.7
14.3
15
16
17.44
17.8
17.8
17.8
17.8
17.8
17.8

Part B
Natural Air with Glass:
Time(Min

Pn

)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6

1255.8
-334.88
-7953.4
-7492.94
-6488.3
-5860.4
-5023.2

Efficiency
10.47
2.79
-66.28
-62.44
54
48.8
41.86

7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

-4395.3
-3767.4
-3767.4
-3432.52
-2511.6
-2511.6
-2511.6
-1883.7
-1674.4

36.6
31.4
31.4
28.6
20.93
20.93
20.93
15.70
14

Natural Air without Glass:

Time(Min
)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Pn
2093
-1674.4
-4186
-3976.7
-3558.1
-3139.5
-2093
-2093
-1225.8
-1046.5
-837.2
-837.2
-418.6
-209.3
0
0

Efficiency
17.44
14
34.88
33.14
29.65
26.16
17.44
17.44
10.47
8.72
6.98
6.98
3.49
1.74
0
0

With Blower and with Glass:

Time(Min
)
0
1
2

Pn
-4186
-2930.2
-4186

Efficiency
34.88
24.42
34.88

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

-3348
-2511.6
-2093
-1674.4
-1674.4
-837.2
-837.2
-418.6
-837.2
-418.6
418.6
837.2
837.2

27.9
20.93
17.44
13.95
13.95
6.98
6.98
3.49
6.98
3.49
3.49
6.98
6.98

With Blower and Without Glass:

Time(Min
)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Pn
3348.8
-2511.6
-4604.6
-4604.6
-3767.4
-3348.8
3348.8
-3139.5
-2930.2
-2930.2
-2930.2
-2720.9
-2720.9
-2093
-1883.7
-1674.4

Efficiency
29.57
20.93
38.37
38.37
31.4
27.9
27.9
26.16
24.42
24.42
24.42
22.67
22.67
17.44
15.7
14

Introduction
The solar ray collector is a solar collector that collects heat by absorbing sunlight. The heat energy
absorbed by the collector can be calculated from the volume flow and the difference in the water
temperatures at the inlet and outlet of the absorber, if the inlet temperature stays almost constant
by releasing energy to a reservoir. Solar power plants usually use the more complex collectors to
generate electricity by heating a fluid to drive a turbine connected to an electrical generator.. The

efficiency of the collector is determined from this. The measurement is made with various
collector arrangements and at various absorber temperatures.

Objective
To determine the efficiency of the solar ray collector under various experimental conditions;

Illumination with halogen lamp. Water temperature e 20C.

a) Complete collector
b) Collector without glass plate

Illumination with halogen lamp. Water temperature e 60C.

a) Complete collector
b) Complete collector, cold jet of air impinges
c) Collector without glass plate

d) Collector without glass plate, cold jet of air impinges.

Equipment
Solar ray collector
Lab thermometer, -10..+100C
Lab thermometer, w. stem, -10..+110C
Circulating pump w. flowmeter
Power supply
Heat exchanger
Solar coll.stand
Immersion heater, 1000 W
Hot-/Cold air blower, 1000 W
Halogen lamp 1000 W
Tripod base
Support rod
Right angle clamp
Universal clamp
Glass beaker, tall, 2000 ml
Glass beaker, short, 5000 ml
Safety gas tubing
Measuring tape, l = 2 m
Stopwatch, digital, 1/100 sec

Connecting cord

Discussion
In this experiment. We study the efficiency for solar ray collector under various conditions. Then,
we also calculate the useful power, Pn and efficiency for each condition.the formulae for the
calculation are PN = c m (a e) and u= PN/q x A. There are two parts that were
conducted during this experiment.
In the part A, we only use the halogen lamp as a heat source with the glass plate and without the
glass plate. From the observation we know that the efficiency is higher when the glass plate is
removed. This is due to the resistance for the heat of glass plate, which makes the heat harder to
transfer making the efficiency quite low compared to the efficiency when the glass plate is
removed.
For part B, we add an additional blower and set the temperature of the water to 60C. From the
data and graph, we observed that with the blower and without the glass obtained the highest
efficiency, this is due to the external heat source which is the blower and without the resistance
which is the glass. The efficiency is also higher when the blower is used compared to the
efficiency using only natural air.
There are some errors that can be observes from this experiment. The first error is when reading
the temperature. The parallax error will occur when our eyes not parallel with the thermometer
reading. Second is temperature not exactly at 60 degrees in the initial of experiment part B. this
problem occurs because temperature drop rapidly when heat exchanger place in the water

reservoir. Lastly, the errors come when the halogen lamp not placed exactly 70 cm away from the
solar ray collector. This may effect due to difference in temperature.
Therefore, some precaution should be taken. Firstly, make sure eye already perpendicular when
taken the ready of thermometer. Then, temperature of water should be more than 60 degrees
before placing the heat exchanger in the water reservoir. Lastly, place the halogen lamp exactly
70 cm away from the solar ray collector.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the objective of this experiment is achieved by getting the specific value for
the efficiency and useful power which is logic in the state of engineering.

Alhamdulillah, with the guidance from the lecturer and the technician, the experiment had been
done successfully eventhough there are some problems have occurs. So, it can be assume that the
main objective for this experiment has been successfully achieved.

Graph
* The straight line represent useful power, Pn and the dotted line represent efficiency
With glass
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
-2

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Without Glass

0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
1

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Natural air with glass

0.4
0.2
0
1

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1

Natural air without glass

0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
-0.6

With blower and with glass

0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
-0.05

-0.1
-0.15
-0.2
-0.25
-0.3

With blower and without glass

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
LAB 1
EXPERIMENT: Solar Ray Collector
Name:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Group: 1
Section: 1

Matric no