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Review of Metaphysics.
http://www.jstor.org
166
tion that one can see an object in one way at one time and then see that
same object in another way at another time, and the character
of the
of seeing an object as an object.
The "mirror-F" and the
experience
on
An interesting discussion
"duck-rabbit"
image serve as examples.
an
in
to
blindness"
follows
this
appendix
chapter.
"meaning
in chapter 6,
The discussion
of "seeing" and "seeing as" is continued
treats of K?hler's
which
influence on Wittgenstein
and Wittgenstein's
to K?hler's gestalt theory.
interest in and objections
This chapter con
cludes with an excursus
into Moore's
discussion
of the problems
of
sense perception
and Wittgenstein's
criticisms of Moore.
7
in
Chapter
volves a particularly
of Wittgenstein's
views
clear and useful discussion
on memory.
that memory
is the basis
Schulte begins with the premise
of knowledge
and of intellectual
and practical skills.
He reads Wittgen
to theories of memory
stein's remarks on memory
as, in part, responses
at length
and William
James.
Schulte discusses
put forth by Russell
criticisms
of "the idea of a memory
image, the notion of
Wittgenstein's
content of a memory,
and the thesis that a memory
the experiential
is
in certain feelings"
embedded
He
charac
also
discusses
three
(p. 97).
teristics of memory
of interest to Wittgenstein:
that a memory may have
to be dredged up or that itmay happen "in a flash," its immediacy,
and
the impossibility
of reference
failure (p. 112). Chapter 8 concerns Witt
interest inWilliam James's assertion
that emotion cannot be
genstein's
In chapter
disassociated
from bodily feelings.
9 Schulte
considers
as taken up in Wittgenstein's
This dis
Moore's paradox
manuscripts.
cussion concerns Frege's assertion
sign, the grammar of the word "be
of meaning.
In Schulte's view
lief and the question of the uniformity
to show the misunderstand
the discussion
ismeant
of Moore's paradox
as though a sentence may be given
arises when we proceed
ing which
sense outside of its use in a language game.
The final chapter raises
on the mind-body
the question
of Wittgenstein's
position
problem.
or a men
cannot be called a behaviorist
Schulte states that Wittgenstein
talist, and that he really does not take a stand on the traditional mind
Schulte concludes with the reminder that "for Wittgen
body question.
of the questions
that have arisen in the context
of the
stein, many
are just confused
or, at best, unanswerable"
mind-body
problem
(p.
Shannon Duval, University
Park, Pa.
166).?R.
Richard.
Aesthetics:
Shusterman,
Pragmatist
Living Beauty,
Rethinking
xii + 324 pp.
Art.
Basil Blackwell,
1992.
Cambridge, Massachusetts:
$21.95?This
argument for placing
engaging work presents a persuasive
a morally
at the center, not only of
and somatic pragmatism
populist
and art, but also of what the author calls "the aesthetic
life."
aesthetics
aes
In the opening
chapter the author begins by situating pragmatist
thetics in its philosophical
context,
chiefly through a contrast with an
alytic aesthetics.
Casting the contrast as a renewal of the quarrel be
tween Kantians
the author elaborates
the fundamental
and Hegelians,
to Dewey's
of analytic aesthetics
naturalistic,
instrumental,
opposition
167
168
amounts to recognizing
that understanding,
This appreciation
while cor
is
not
to
be
and
conflated
with
nonfoundationalist,
interpretation,
rigible
a thesis that the author ably defends
to
in chapter 5 by calling attention
both "uninterpreted
and meaningful
experience
linguistic understanding
that is non-linguistic"
of preserving
the
(p. 128) and to the advantages
distinction
between
and
interpretation.
understanding
The author begins the second part of the book, entitled "Rethinking
not to be shunned, but to be
Art," by arguing that high art deserves,
in a "more ethically acute and socio-politically
criticized
engaged" man
ner (p. 147), something
often exemplified?albeit
ambigously?by
high
art itself, as the author attempts
to illustrate in Eliot's "ironic critique of
inPortrait
late romantic art and aestheticism"
of a Lady (p. 161). After
a
art
of
the poles of con
meliorist
defense
popular
mounting
("between
.
.
.
and
demnatory
celebratory
ultimately
pessimism
optimism")
art dichotomy,
of the high/popular
the author
aimed at the dissolution
the rap song "Talkin' All That Jazz" in order to demonstrate
unpacks
how it displays values traditionally
reserved by critics for high art. The
Ethics and the Art of Living,"
entitled
"Postmodern
chapter,
concluding
While the author trenchantly
criticizes
promises more than it delivers.
life, on the basis of that Auseinandersetzung
Rorty's version of aesthetic
he does no more than sketch the outlines of an alternative,
presumably
or less?of
the possibilities
of "an exquisite flower of
composed?more
a classic and ascetic self-creation,
and a so
aestheticist
decadence,"
social aesthetics.
maticaily
the entire book the author devotes far more atten
Indeed, throughout
tion to criticizing
Nev
others' positions
than to developing
his own.
an important book that makes
an
Shustermann
has written
ertheless,
case for a neopragmatist
of aesthetics,
art, and
impressive
conception
the aesthetic
life. The writing
is richly informed, delightfully
lucid, and
O.
The
Catholic
Univer
Dahlstrom,
invitingly argumentative.?Daniel
sity of America.
Sklar,